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121	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-132
Design and Analysis of Automatic Dual Axis Solar Tracker using Linear Actuator and Arduino based Light Sensor Denny Haryanto Sinaga, Arwadi Sinurya, Muhammad Aulia Rahman Sembiring , Jongga Manullang , Olnes Yosefa Hutajulu, T. Afrian, Dito Yudisthira Nugroho Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract The sun is an abundant energy source and can be utilized effectively using solar photovoltaic (PV) cells to become electrical energy. However, the conversion efficiency of conventional PV cells is still low. One of the main causes is the output of PV cells which is very dependent on light intensity and the position of the sun in the sky which always changes from time to time. This causes the absorption efficiency of stationary solar panels to be lower at certain times of the day and throughout the year. The solar photovoltaic position is most efficient when perpendicular to the sun and less efficient in other positions. Therefore, a sun tracking system is needed to increase efficiency and energy production. A sun tracking system is a method used to collect more solar energy by following the sun^s movement throughout the day from east to west, both daily and seasonally. This method is superior to static solar photovoltaic systems. This research introduces the design and construction of an economical two-axis active solar tracking system to track the movement of the sun to obtain maximum power from solar panels when following the sun. This system uses a light-dependent resistor to detect the position of the sun, which is then communicated to the Arduino Uno microcontroller which controls two linear actuators to adjust the panel orientation to keep it perpendicular to the sunrays. Keywords: Solar energy, renewable energy, Photovoltaic, Dual-axis solar tracker, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Arduino Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Aulia Rahman Sembiring)

122	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-134
Development Of Ethnoscience-Based Primary Science Learning Teaching Materials To Improve Students^ Scientific Literacy Skills Of Students PGSD FIP UNIMED Fahrur Rozi, Septian Prawijaya, Imelda Free Unita Manurung Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Based on the background conditions background of the problem, it is found that- 1) Science literacy is one of the skills/capabilities needed in the 21st century, 2) There is no development of teaching materials development of teaching materials for science learning in Ethnoscience-based elementary schools, 3) the ability of science literacy of PGSD students are still low, 4) lectures are still on theories and concepts only,5) The results of the curriculum analysis conducted by the results of the curriculum analysis conducted by the study program which leads to graduates who graduates who excel in the use of communication and information technology and local wisdom nationally in 2030. The purpose of this research is to develop products and conduct a feasibility test. feasibility of Teaching Material Development Ethnoscience-Based Elementary Science Learning Materials to Improve Scientific Literacy in PGSD FIP UNIMED students. This development research uses The 4-D model consists of 4 stages of development, namely the defining stage. (Define), planning (Design), planning (Design), planning (Design), planning (Design), planning (Design), planning (Design). stage (Design), thedevelopment (develop) and dissemination (disseminate) stages. (Disseminate). In addition to producing teaching material products, it also provides experience to students and lecturers in conducting lectures with in carrying out lectures by using Ethnoscience-based learning to improve the Scientific Literacy skills of PGSD students. This research will produce Ethnoscience-based teaching materials and will be disseminated in the form of publication of articles in Indexed International Proceedings (accepted / published), also registered as the Rights of PGSD students.as Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual Property Rights (HaKI), publication in the Sinta Accredited National Journal (published), and publication in the Sinta Accredited National Journal (published). Sinta (published) and an ISBN book. This research is at the Technology Readiness Level Technology type of Social Humanities and Education level 3. Keywords: Development, Science literacy, Ethnoscience, Elementary Science Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fahrur Rozi)

123	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-136
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL DICTIONARY TO SUPPORT LEARNING SYSTEM IN COSMETOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAM NURHAYATI TANJUNG, IRMIAH NURUL RANGKUTI, ASTRID SITOMPUL, WISRI ARDHITA MANDA PUTRI, HABIBAH HANIM LUBIS UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN Abstract This study aims to: (1) produce a digital dictionary to support cosmetology education learning program. (2) to determine the effectiveness of a digital dictionary to support cosmetology education learning program. This type of research is research development using the Brog and Gall model. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and questionnaires technique. After that making text and media design , produce the digital dictionary, and making the flow chart view. The validity test was carried out by 2 material experts and 2 media experts who were competent in their fields, then carried out product trials 3 respondents for small group trial, 5 respondents for medium group trial and 30 respondents for large group trial. If the trial is carried out in large groups, the aim is to develop learning materials: Theoretical and Practical Reviews to find out whether the product can be mass produced or can be used by audiences. The results of the research development of Digital Dictionary To Support Learning System in Cosmetology Education Program is prove according to the validation of the assessment by material experts to determine the feasibility of the product, average of 86.8% is obtained in good category, an assessment by media experts is obtained on an average of 94.8% in the very good category. in the trial aspect to determine product development, a small group trial of 6 students obtained a percentage of 80.9% in the good category. in the medium group trial, which consisted of 12 students, a percentage of 86.8% was included in good category. in large group trial of 30 students, the percentage of 95.6% was included in very good category. According to all experts, small, medium and large group trials can be concluded that development of digital dictionary is suitable and can be used in supporting teaching and learning System in cosmetology education program. Keywords: DIGITAL DICTIONARY- COSMETOLOGY- EDUCATION- LEARNING Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irmiah Nurul Rangkuti)

124	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-137
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERACTIVE DIGITAL PHYSICS BOOK BASED ON CASE METHOD-DIFFERENTIATION: DESIGN & VALIDITY Rajo Hasim Lubis, Togi Tampubolon, Ida Wahyuni, Deo Demonta Panggabean Physics Education Department, Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract The research aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive digital book that utilizes the Case Method-Differentiation principle using the Google Site web platform. In the context of physics learning, interactive digital books will be designed with the integration of relevant case studies (case method) and differentiation options to adjust the level of task difficulty. Google Sites was chosen as the development platform to facilitate easy access and online collaboration. The digital book design is expected to increase student engagement, facilitate understanding of physics concepts, and provide flexibility in accommodating diverse learning needs. Evaluation will be carried out through qualitative and quantitative analysis to assess the level of success of implementing this digital book in improving physics learning at the secondary school level. The research is expected to provide insight into the effectiveness of using web platforms and differentiation approaches in the development of innovative physics teaching materials. Keywords: Interactive Teaching Materials, Case Method-Differentiation, Google Site website Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rajo Hasim Lubis)

125	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-139
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING TOOLS BASED HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) IN SPECIAL MAKEUP COURSE Astrid Sitompul, Irmiah Nurul Rangkuti, Asrah Rezki Fauzani, Vita Pujawanti Dhana, Murni Astuti 1,2,3,4, Cosmetology Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, 20221. Indonesia 5, Departemen Tata Rias dan Kecantikan, Universitas Negeri Padang Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Air Tawar Bar., Kec. Padang Utara, Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat 25171, Indonesia Abstract After the Covid-19 Pandemic, learning is carried out offline and blanded learning. One of the efforts to improve students^ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) is through learning Case Method (CM) and Team Based Project (TBP) in the Special Makeup Course. The success of learning Special Makeup must also be equipped with learning tools based HOTS that are suitable for CM and TBP learning. So this research was conducted with the aim of producing learning tools based on Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) in the Special Makeup course. The resulting learning tools are in the form of Semester Learning Design (RPS), e-books equipped with video tutorials and assessment instruments. Learning tools were developed with 4D models from Thiagarajan which include: (1) defining- (2) design- (3) develop- and (4) disseminate. Trials in this research go through 3 stages, namely expert trials, limited trials and field trials. The test subjects are experts, lecturers and students. The instruments used are observation sheets, validation sheets, lecturer and student assessment sheets, and essay tests. The results of this development research show that the learning tools meet the validity, practicality and effectiveness aspects. Based on the validity results, the RPS is in the very valid category, the ebook is in the valid category and the assessment instrument is in the very valid category, namely the RPS is 0.8375, the ebook is 0.767 based on the assessment of learning design experts and 0.822917 based on the assessment of learning media experts while the HOTS test instrument of 0.937. Based on the results of limited trials in this research, it was found that the learning tools in the category were very practical. The results of the field trial showed that the learning tools were effective in terms of student HOTS with an average percentage of trial subjects of 81.7%. So it can be stated that this learning tool is effective in improving students^ high-level thinking skills in the Special Makeup course at Cosmetology Education Program study, Medan State University. Keywords: Learning Tools, HOTS, Spesial Makeup Course Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Astrid Sitompul)

126	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-140
Implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model to Improve the Creative Thinking Ability of Students in the Cosmetology Education Study Program Astrid Sitompul, Siti Wahidah, Habibah Hanim Lubis, Asrah Rezki Fauzani, Irmiah Nurul Rangkuti, Vita Pujawanti Dhana Cosmetology Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, 20221. Indonesia Email: astridsitompul[at]unimed.ac.id Abstract The ability to think at a high level of students, one of which is creative thinking. This has an impact on the ability of creative thinking of students difficult to explore ideas or ideas, as well as solving problems that students cannot solve or do not get the solution. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in students^ creative thinking skills when the PjBL model was applied. This type of research is a quasi experiment using quantitative research with a nonequivalent control group design Pretest Posttest model and observation. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, the sample used was 30 class B students as the experimental class and 27 class C students as the control class, the experimental class in the treatment used PjBL learning. Data collection techniques using experimental and non-experimental techniques. The Posttest value of students^ creative thinking skills in the experimental class has an average value of 84.50 and the average Posttest value in the control class is 71.85, then hypothesis testing has a 2-tailed significance value of 0.00 <0.05. The observation results show that aspects of students^ creative thinking skills, especially elaborative, reached 92% and obtained an N Gain score of 0.60 in the moderate category because students have the ability to build detailed strategic solutions to complete projects according to the timeline, so it can be concluded that there is an increase in students^ creative thinking skills in traditional cosmetics and beverage courses with the application of the PjBL model. Keywords: Project Based Learning, Creative Thinking Skills, Traditional Cosmetics and Beverages Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Astrid Sitompul)

127	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-143
Development Of Creative Digital Book Based On Socio Scientific Issues In Science Learning Concepts Course For Primary School Teacher Education Program Students Imelda Free Unita Manurung, Halimatussakdiah, Fahrur Rozi Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract The development of creative digital book based on socio scientific issues in science learning concepts course for primary school teacher education program students aims to examine the feasibility, practicality and effectiveness of developing creative digital books for prospective elementary school teacher students. The subjects in this research were primary school teacher education program students who were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Development of a creative digital book based on socio scientific issues carried out using the four D (4-D) model, namely definition,designing, developing and disseminating. The data analysis technique that will be carried out is data validity analysis, analysis practicality data, data analysis of the effectiveness of implementing creative digital books. This research produces a socio-scientific-based creative digital book issues and the results obtained were satisfactory for the validity of the material and media and were effectively used in learning in science learning concept courses in primary schools. Keywords: Creative Digital Book, Socio Scientific Issues, Science Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imelda Free Unita Manurung)

128	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-152
Feasibility Study of Standard Wood Workshop Space in Wood Stone and Plumbing Workshop, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan Liana Atika (a*), Zhilli Izzadati Khairuni (b), Riansyah Putra (c), Syafiatun Siregar (d), Mena Fadillia Lukman (e), Safrinanda Harahap (f) a) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan b) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan c) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan d) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan e) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan f) Postgraduate, Universitas Negeri Padang Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of the large area of the wood workshop in the Wood, Stone and Plumbing Workshop, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan, based on the standards required by Permendiknas No. 40 of 2008 and SNI 03-6575-2001. This is done to provide comfort for users of the Wood, Stone and Plumbing Workshop of the Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan. This research is a type of research with an evaluative descriptive method. The subject in this study is the Wood, Stone and Plumbing Workshop of the Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan, especially the wood workshop, while the object of the research is the area of the Wood Workshop of the Faculty of Engineering. The data collection method is by means of interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out by a quantitative method, namely comparing the data from the research results at the Wood, Stone and Plumbing Workshop of the Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan with existing standards, and supported by field observation results. The results of this study are (1) the area of the working space of the Wood, Stone and Plumbing Workshop, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan has met the space standard, which is 599.4 m2 larger than the standard size of 256 m2 and the area of the instructor^s room of the Wood, Stone and Plumbing Workshop, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Medan does not meet the space standard, which is 40 m2 smaller than the standard size of 48 m2. Keywords: Wood Workshop- Standard Room- Workshop Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (LIANA ATIKA)

129	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-154
Utilizing Waste Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production A Sustainable Solution for Renewable Energy Siman, Dwiki Muda Yulanto, Firdaus Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract This research explores the feasibility and effectiveness of producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil, commonly known as used cooking oil, as a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. The study addresses the growing environmental concerns associated with waste cooking oil disposal and the need for renewable energy sources. Through a series of chemical processes, including transesterification, waste cooking oil is converted into biodiesel. The research investigates the optimal conditions for this conversion process, such as the type and concentration of catalysts, reaction time, and temperature. The resulting biodiesel properties, including its energy content, viscosity, and emission profile, are analyzed and compared to conventional diesel fuel. The findings indicate that biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil not only meets the standards for fuel use but also offers significant environmental benefits, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and a lower carbon footprint. Furthermore, the study highlights the economic viability of this approach by evaluating the cost-effectiveness of sourcing and processing waste cooking oil compared to other biodiesel feedstocks. This research underscores the potential of waste cooking oil as a valuable resource for sustainable energy production, contributing to the reduction of environmental pollution and the promotion of circular economy practices. Keywords: Biodiesel, Renewable Energy, Waste Cooking Oil Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siman Siman)

130	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-156
Accuracy of Computational Modeling in Introductory Mechanical Wave Interference Wawan Bunawan(a*), Pardomuan Sirompul(b), Tuti Hardianti (a), Sabani (a), Irham Ramadhani (a), Ummil Khairiyah Siregar(a), Dinda Farida(a), Nadira Asha Shakila(a), Hikma Aini(a), Anggi Nurjanah(a) a) Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia *wawanbunawan[at]unimed.ac.id b) Mathematics Department, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Abstract Nearly all aspects of research in physics involve the use of computers and are invaluable in laboratory and theoretical research. Even though it is very important as a scientific discipline, the integration of computing into physics learning is still a challenge, especially regarding the ability to construct solutions to physics problems. A very important issue is how to assess computational modeling of mechanical wave interference patterns. The expansion of computing in learning at least requires a computational model that can show a comparison between analytical problem solving models and computational modeling. It is necessary to carry out computational modeling assessments and analytical manual solutions. The assessment standard uses a critical value of interference wave amplitude between manual analysis and computational modeling. The creation of computational models provides standardized operationalization of mechanical wave interference problem solving that can be repeated with a higher level of accuracy than manual methods. Keywords: Accuracy- computational- modeling- mechanical wave- interference Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wawan Bunawan)

131	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-164
PLANNING OF ADDED PAVE LAYER THICKNESS AND A TYPICAL DESIGN OF THE PATH FOR STUDENTS CASE STUDY: SERDANG BADAGAI BORDER SECTION - TANJUNG KASAU Syafiatun Siregar, Kinanti Wijaya, Harun Sitompul, Riansyah Putra, Hamidun Batubara Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Construction of road pavement structures requires accurate foundation planning so that it does not experience excessive deformation due to disturbances during construction or the service life of the pavement plan. Overlay (additional layer thickness) for road construction is an alternative used to increase the service life of roads. The Serdang Bedagai to Tanjung Kasau road is the access road to and from Medan. This crossroad is often used by private and public vehicles, trucks, and so on. The boundary section of the Serdang Bedagai to Tanjung Kasau road from km 89 + 200 to 90 + 200 experienced some damage resulting in the road not being used optimally. The research aims to obtain a plan for the thickness of the added layer of flexible pavement using the deflection method and to plan a typical road. This research method uses the Pd-T-05-2005-B guide for designing overlays (added layer thickness) for road construction. To analyze traffic loads, the Cumulative Equivalent Standard Axles (CESA) method is used. The research results obtained are as follows 1). The width of the road pavement is planned to be 3.5 meters with a total of 2 lanes and 2-way vehicle lanes with a design life of 10 years, 2) Overlay with 25 cm, LAPEN pavement and a cover layer 7 cm thick, and 3) Road slope adjusted to conditions Exiting the road section Keywords: Pavement Design, Overlay, Typical Road Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syafiatun Siregar)

132	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-177
Preliminary study of providing innovative chemistry learning modules based on ethnopedagogy Ramlan Silaban1), Nurfajriani1), Ida Duma Riris1), Marham Sitorus1), Tini Sulastri2), Inki Yun Lamtiur2), Irving Josafat Alexander Alexander3), Gloria Sirait4), Sardes Yosua Silaban1) 1)Jurusan Kimia FMIPA Universitas Negeri Medan 2)Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Kimia Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan 3)FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan 4)FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar Abstract Ethnopedagogy is ethnic-based learning, both used as a learning resource and learning media. According to regulation of Minister of Education and Culture Number 79 of 2014 year, learning in schools needs to include elements of local content in the form of basic competencies, syllabi and textbooks. This research aims to develop chemistry teaching materials based on local wisdom in the form of the natural, social, cultural and spiritual environment in the region. To achieve the goal, research was carried out on the development of a 4-D model with the stages of define, design, develop and disseminate. From the define stage, (1). Several local wisdoms in North Sumatra and Aceh have been identified which can be used to enrich teaching materials and chemistry learning strategies. Some of these typical plants are Haramonting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), Betel (Piper betle), Bangun-bangun (Coleus amboinicus), Frankincense (Styrax paralleloneurus PERK) and so on which can be used to teach several chemistry topics such as Acid and Base Solutions, Organic Chemistry. (2). The tradition of eating betel mixed with lime as part of the culture of several ethnic groups can be used to explain the variety of plants that can be used as natural indicators in Solution Chemistry teaching materials. (3). Frankincense that is burned produce a fragrant aroma can be used as additional teaching material for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry regarding the existence of several organic compounds that can be obtained through relevant isolation methods. (4). The high school chemistry teaching materials currently used are considered appropriate according to the standards set by the National Education Standards Agency, BSNP, but need to be enriched according to the local wisdom of each region or ethnicity where the school is located Keywords: Ethnopedagogy, chemistry module, development Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ramlan Silaban)

133	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-179
Students^ Understanding of Heat Concept of The Making Putu Bambu Abubakar, Ridwan Abdullah Sani, Yul Ifda Tanjung*, Sabani, Budiman Nasution Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia *yuly[at]unimed.ac.id Abstract This study aims to analyze students^ concept understanding on the topic of Heat Concept from the process of making traditional food Putu Bambu. The research used descriptive method with quantitative approach. The research subjects were sixty-five grade XI students from one of the senior high schools in North Sumatera who were randomly selected. Data were collected in the form of essay test instruments based on putu bambu cooking problems and interview instruments that explore students^ opinions related to learning. The results showed that 35% of students could correctly describe the concept of heat in all processes of making putu bambu, while 65% of students still incorrectly described the concept of heat in some parts of the making putu bambu, for example in the process of boiling water which is actually a convection heat transfer process. Interview results showed that 75% of students were not accustomed to linking science concepts with real-world contexts such as Putu Bambu. Further research is expected to develop a lesson that can link science with real-world problems so that students can learn about life. Keywords: Students^ Understanding- Heat Concept- Putu Bambu Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (abu bakar)

134	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-182
MODIFICATION OF MAKEUP FOR THE CHARACTER OF GUNDALA-GUNDALA DANCER IN TERMS OF TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE KARO TRIBE Siti Wahidah, Astrid Sitompul, Asrah Rezki Fauzani, Muhammad Rizal Sitepu, Dina Ampera Cosmetology Education Study Program Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, 20221. Indonesia Email: sitiwahidah[at]unimed.ac.id Abstract This research aims to find out: 1) Character makeup modification in accompanying the Gundala-gundala mask dance in terms of traditional elements of the karo tribe, 2). The feasibility of character makeup for Gundala-gundala dancers in terms of traditional elements of the karo tribe, 3) The practicality of character makeup for Gundala-gundala dancers in terms of traditional elements of the karo tribe.This research is a development research that begins with the researcher^s observation of the makeup of the gundala-gundala dancer character using a mask, in terms of traditional elements of the Karo tribe in Seberaya village, Karo Regency. Makeup can be interpreted as a form of culture that continues to evolve with the times. Likewise with traditional dances, one of which is the Tembut-tembut mask dance is a very distinctive dance because it is related to the ritual of calling rainwater called Ndilo Wari Udan. It has a meaning which is to call for rain to fall immediately which is usually done during the long dry season, and these dances are still carried out in several villages in Tanah Karo. Currently, the use of Tembut-tembut Mask in Gundala-gundala dancers is more oriented as an entertainment medium, where initially this mask had two functions, namely as a medium for Ndilo Wari Udan and entertainment media for local residents. The Tembut- tembut mask consists of five different types of character characters, namely, the king, the queen, the king^s daughter, the commander and the gurda gurdi bird and has its own role. in the performance the five masks cannot be separated. This is because in every series of Tembut- Tembut performances, these five characters complement each other. This type of research is descriptive research, obtained data based on the results of observations and interviews as primary data, while secondary data from photo documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative to determine the makeup procedure for gundal- gundala dancers. While quantitative data analysis to determine the results of makeup for the character of the gundala-gundala dancer. Keywords: Modification, Makeup For The Character, Gundala-Gundala Dancer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Wahidah)

135	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-195
The Use of Learning Media in Ethnophysics Learning: A Systematic Literature Review Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti, Ria Asep Sumarni, Irawan Setiadi Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Abstract In physics, there are still abstract topics that require visualization and relevant contextual connections to be well understood by students. Physics education is also important to be linked with local culture because this can provide relevant and familiar contexts for students, making it easier for them to understand abstract physics concepts. The integration of local culture in physics education can also enhance the appreciation and preservation of local culture, as well as foster pride in their cultural heritage. The purpose of this research is to analyze the literature review on physics education linked with local culture. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Data collection was carried out by documenting and reviewing related articles published between 2014-2024 from the Scopus, Erics, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the search results, 33 relevant articles were obtained, which were then filtered based on inclusion criteria, resulting in 11 articles used as primary studies. Each article was documented and then analyzed based on the skills developed from the research results. The results of the systematic literature review show that the most studied physics topics related to local culture are kinematics, and the teaching media often used is teaching modules. Ethnophysics learning can attract students. This approach not only makes learning more interesting and meaningful but also helps build a bridge between modern science and local wisdom, ultimately promoting culture-based innovation and sustainability in society. Keywords: Learning Media, Ethnophysics Learning, Local Culture in Physics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti)

136	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-201
Development of Smart Modules Based on Augmented Reality in Vocational High Schools Fahmy Syahputra, Diki Hairul Siagian, Amirhud Dalimunthe, Zulkifli Matondang Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of Augmented Reality-based learning media on Fiber Optic material in class X, Computer Network Engineering & Telecommunications at SMKS Jambi Medan. This development and research uses the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). In this study, feasibility tests were carried out by 2 media experts and 2 material experts and accompanied by student acceptance. As a result, these three tests get scores in the range of 4.17-5.00 and meet the Very Decent criteria. In addition, effectiveness tests are also carried out to determine the level of effectiveness of the products developed. Test its effectiveness using N-Gain test on control and experimental classes. The control class scored 0.17 or 17%, while the experimental class scored 0.77 or 77%. Keywords: Smart Module, Augmented Reality Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fahmy Syahputra)

137	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-204
Feasibility Analysis Of Wood Workshop Facilities And Infrastructure Of Construction And Property Engineering Expertise Program in SMKN 1 Percut Sei Tuan Kinanti Wijaya (a), Syafiatun Siregar (a), Anwar Rumahorbo (a*), Sutrisno (b), Ahmad Andi Solahuddin (b), Baharuddin (c) a) Department of Building Engineering Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan *rumahorboanwar[at]gmail.com b) Civil Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan c) Electrical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Medan Willem Iskandar Street Psr.V Medan Estate, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the area of &#8203-&#8203-the wood workshop, the completeness of woodworking equipment and furniture, the lighting system of the wood workshop at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan based on the standards required by Permendiknas No. 34 of 2018, guidelines for vocational school facilities and infrastructure and SNI 03-6575-2001. This is done to provide comfort for students and teachers who will use the wood workshop. This research is a type of research with a descriptive evaluative method. Data collection methods were by interview, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out using a quantitative method, namely comparing the research data at SMK Negeri 1 Percut Sei Tuan with existing standards, and supported by the results of field observations. The results of this study indicate that the wood workshop facilities and infrastructure significantly influences students^ competency scores Keywords: wood workshop, facilities analysis, SMK Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kinanti Wijaya)

138	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-210
Development of a Digital Based Laboratory at the Vocational School Center of Excellence (CoE) Muhammad Amin, Abdul Muin Sibuea, Bima Mustaqim Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Digital-based laboratories are innovations that aim to increase practical knowledge and skills in the laboratory without requiring assistance and free from time and place constraints. This research aims to develop a digital-based laboratory that is interactive, dynamic, animated and interesting, and is supported by user motivation to learn and understand the productive subject of electricity. This laboratory component includes augmented reality media, pre-test, post-test, assignments, tutorials, simulations, and laboratory materials. This research was carried out in the context of productive electricity subjects at the Center of Excellence (CoE) Vocational High School. The research method used is the Research and Development (R&D) method. Data analysis techniques include descriptive and inferential analysis which allows evaluating the effectiveness of digital laboratories in improving students^ cognitive and psychomotor competencies. Research instruments include knowledge tests, practical skills observation sheets, and questionnaires to measure user motivation and satisfaction. This digital-based laboratory is effective in increasing student competence, both in cognitive and psychomotor aspects. The digital-based laboratory developed in this research can be an effective and efficient tool to support practical learning in vocational schools, while overcoming time and space limitations. Keywords: Digital Based Laboratory, Center of Excellence, Vocational High School Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Amin)

139	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-224
Innovation of self regulated learning using PjBL-based physics learning modules integrated with local wisdom Dasmo, Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti, Andry Fitrian, Septa Wati Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Abstract In the subject of kinematics in physics, there are still abstract topics that require deep understanding and direct practice. Therefore, teaching materials are needed that can visualize this material in an everyday context. One solution is a PjBL-based physics learning module integrated with local culture. The aim of this research is to determine the feasibility of the PjBL-based physics learning module integrated with local culture. The research method used is R&D with the ADDIE model. The results showed that the learning module was categorized as feasible with a material validation score of 86% and media validation score of 82%. This learning module can be used as an innovation for self regulated learning in studying physics, linked with local culture, so that students can understand the material more contextually. Keywords: self regulated learning, physics learning, physics learning module, local wisdom Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irnin Agustina Dwi Astuti)

140	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-225
The Content Validity: Physics Adaptive Test to Measure Higher Order Thinking Skills Yoga Budi Bhakti, Indica Yona Okyranida, Rendi Prasetya Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Abstract This research is part of the development of the Physics Adaptive Test instrument to measure the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of eleventh-grade high school students. In this section, the purpose of this study is to analyze the content validity of the instrument. The developed instrument consists of 20 multiple-choice questions based on the levels of understanding higher-order thinking skills. Furthermore, this instrument was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by 3 experts with assessment aspects including: 1) The questions match the HOTS indicators, 2) The stimulus/stem fits the questions, 3) The questions are clearly formulated, and 4) The problem description is clear and unambiguous. The method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method for content validation based on Aiken^s Formula. Data for content validation were obtained from 3 experts in the field of physics. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the 20 items of the Physics Adaptive Test instrument to measure the higher-order thinking skills of eleventh-grade high school physics students are declared valid. Keywords: Physics Adaptive Test, Test Instrument, Physics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yoga Budi Bhakti)

141	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-233
Capacitor Allocation Study Considering Integration of Distributed Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in Power Distribution Networks Erita Astrid, Muhammad Dani Solihin, Rosma Siregar, Eka Dodi Suryanto Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract The integration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) units in distribution systems has been significantly enhanced by recent improvements in renewable energy technologies, as well as changes in utility infrastructure and government policies, and plays an important role in supplying many recent microgrids. The absence of capacitors as sources of reactive power compensation for the PV integration increases total microgrid losses and voltage-instability threats. Therefore, capacitor planning is highly required due to the intensive use of PV. This paper proposes an optimization of capacitor allocation and sizing by considering the presence of PV integration. The bus candidates for capacitor allocation are selected using a new adaptive approach of loss sensitivity analysis. In the sizing process, the stochastic power output of PV generation is modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. The load flow equations are solved using the forward-backward sweep method. Capacitor compensation are optimally sized using enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to overcome the local minima problem. Operational and power quality constraints include the voltage magnitude of each bus, power constraints, and the number/size of installed capacitors. The net annual economic saving is defined as the associated objective function that accounts for the cost of installed capacitors to reduce losses. The proposed model is verified using the IEEE 33 radial bus system. Keywords: Distributed photovoltaic (PV) integration, Capacitor planning, Microgrid losses, Voltage instability, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Erita Astrid)

142	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-236
Quartz Sand ^Huta Ginjang^ On Physical Properties And Structure Of Phosphate Glass Medium Juniar Hutahaean, Four Eriska Friani Tambunan, Juniastel Rajagukguk,Chayani S. Sarumaha, and Jakrapong Kaewkhao Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Glass with composition x Quartz Sands+(60-x)P2O5+10BaO+30Na2O (%mol) with (x = 0- 2,5- 10- 5- 10- 15- 20) and 15mol% was tested using melt-quenching technique and ball mill technique to refine quartz sand. Some of the characterization carried out are identify physical properties and structural properties. Characterization using XRD to shows the purity of the high silicate content in quartz sand and shows that QSand-Phosphate glass has an amorphous structure after all samples are mixed. FTIR to show that QSand-Phosphate glass from Hutaginjang has a maximum transmittance absorption band but with different strain widths and heights in vibration absorption as the quartz sand increases. Based on the results of their radiation properties, the glasses in this study has the potential as optical amplifier. Keywords: Quartz sand-Phosphate, Melt-quenching, Ball mill, XRD, FTIR Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Juniar Hutahaean)

143	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-237
Physical, Structural and Optical Properties of Rare Earth RE3+ (Ce- Nd- Tb) doped Borosilica Glass Medium Pintor Simamora, Juniastel Rajagukguk, Jonny Haratua Panggabean, Elyzabeth Simanullang, Chayani Sarumaha, Jakrapong kaewkhao Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Borosilicate glass doped with Re3+ ions (Ce- Nd- Tb) by Melt Quenching method with chemical composition of 10 SiO2 + (50-x) B2O3 + 10BaO + 30Na2O + 0.5x (x = CeF3, Nd2O3, Tb2O3). The synthesized glass is known through physical properties, XRD, FTIR and Absorption Spectra. The molar density and volume increased with the variation of Re3+ ions (Ce- Nd- Tb). XRD spectra were used to determine the structural properties of the glass medium samples, FTIR was recorded from wavelengths of 750-4000 cm-1 . The absorption spectra can be observed in the UV-Vis-NIR region of 300-100 nm Keywords: Borosilica, Glass Medium, Ion RE3+. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pintor Simamora)

144	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-238
Effect of Boric Oxide Compounds on the Physical Properties and Structure of ^Huta Ginjang^ Quartz Sand-Based Glass Medium Jonny Haratua Panggabean, Luli Warti Sihombing, Juniastel Rajagukguk, Chayani S. Sarumaha, Jakrapong Kaewkhao Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Effect of boric oxide compounds on the physical properties and structure of ^huta ginjang^ quartz sand-based glass medium from the compound composition of (x) quartz sand - (60-x) B2O3 - 10BaO - 30Na2O where x = 0- 2.5- 5- 10- (mol%). All compounds are in powder form with a total mass of 15 grams using melt-quenching technique at 1300&#8451-. To determine the quality of the glass material, measurements and calculations were made on the physical properties of the glass including molar mass, molar volume and density. Characterization is done using XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR. XRD results show the structure of the glass by adding quartz sand is amorphous. The density of the sample increases slowly according to the increase in quartz sand concentration while the molar volume slowly decreases. There are 4 peak positions in the FTIR spectrum of borate glass which are located in the absorption regions of 822 cm-1, 950cm-1, 1335 cm-1, and 1665 cm-1 from wavelengths 700-4000. The glass material absorption spectrum has sharp peaks of light absorption at wavelengths of 350-1100 nm. Keywords: Glass Medium, Quartz Sand, Physical Properties, Structure, Boric Oxide Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jonny Haratua Panggabean)

145	Science and Vocational Education	ABS-239
NIR Luminescence Properties of Nd3+ ion doped Glasses Medium Based on Huta Ginjang Quartz Sand Juniastel Rajagukguk, Pintor Simamora, Juniar Hutahaean, Ladestam Sitinjak, Elyzabeth Simanullang, Chayani Sarumaha, Jakrapong kaewkhao Universitas Negeri Medan Abstract Quartz sand glass doped with Nd3+ ions yields a wide range of applications in the optical field. Glass with quartz sand is made by Melt Quenching method with chemical composition of 5 quartz sand + (55-x)B2O3 + 10 BaO + 30 Na2O + 0.5 Nd2O3 and 5 SiO2 + (55-x)B2O3 + 10 BaO + 30 Na2O + 0.5 Nd2O3. The glass samples were characterized based on density, refractive index, XRD, FTIR, and Absorption Spectra. The refractive index and molar volume were higher for quartz sand samples compared to silica borate. XRD spectra were used to determine the structural properties of the glass medium samples, FTIR was recorded from wavelengths of 6500-4000 cm-1. The absorption spectrum can be observed in the UV-Vis-NIR region from 300-100 nm and in the absorption spectrum 11 transition peaks were found in the emission spectrum there are 3 emission peaks in the glass sample with a wavelength of 800 nm - 1500 nm and the presence of decay time. Keywords: Quartz Sand, Glass Medium, Ion Nd3+, Doping Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Juniastel Rajagukguk)

146	Social Science and Humanities	ABS-1
Need Analysis of E-Modules Development for Introduction to Linguistic in the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature, Unimed Malan Lubis (a*), Muhammad Joharis (b) & Atika Wasilah (b) a) Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Sumatera Utara 2022, Indonesia *malanlubis17[at]gmail.com b) Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Sumatera Utara 2022, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this research is to find out how students perceive the teaching materials for the Introduction to Linguistics and compare the perceptions of students and lecturers towards the digital teaching materials that are being prepared. This survey research used 132 samples from 2 Study Programs in the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature, Faculty of Language and Arts, Unimed, they are: (1) Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program and (2) Indonesian Literature Study Program. This research is an expos facto type in which the researchers collect the data directly from respondents through the instruments of the data collection. The data were obtained through interviews, questionnaires and observations. The data analysis technique was carried out in descriptive. The research results found that the problems level of Introduction to Linguistics learning implementation was moderate (m= 3.58) and the need level for Introduction to Linguistics modules was high (m= 4.39). This research implies that the students must be prepared with basic linguistic skills which are subsequent linguistics lessons (in this case phonology, morphology, syntax, discourse and semantics). Keywords: needs analysis, e-module, Introduction to Language Science Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Malan Lubis)

147	Social Science and Humanities	ABS-2
Teaching Materials Design for School Management Based on Mandailing Ethnic Leadership Values Muhammad Joharis (a*), Malan Lubis (b), and Achmad Yuhdi (b) a) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia *muhammadjoharis[at]unimed.ac.id b) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia Abstract This research has a purpose to develop a design as well as to test the feasibility of teaching materials for school management lessons based on Mandailing ethnic leadership values. This teaching material was developed through the integration of human values in the context of traditional leadership of the Mandailing ethnic community. The method used is a development research or R&D model ADDIE as a work step for developing the teaching materials, and specifically is limited to three stages- they are analysis, design, and development. The research results were (1) the teachers and students had problematic conditions in the implementation of learning for School Management lessons, which specifically led to a lack or absence of contextual teaching materials developed by the teachers, so that both sides agreed to develop the teaching materials lessons based on Mandailing ethnic leadership value- (2) the material design for competency development is conducted by designing teaching material concepts based on the school management competencies and the teachers^ materials with the process of integrating Mandailing ethnic leadership values- and (3) validation test results show an average validation of material aspects was 89.15%, presentation was 86%, language was 88.75%, contextual was 89.95%, and graphics was 87.5%. Overall, the validation score was in the 81%-100% category, with the conclusion that the teaching materials for school management based on Mandailing ethnic leadership values are very suitable to be used as teaching materials for school management lessons at the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program of Unimed. Keywords: teaching materials, school management, Mandailing ethnic, leadership value Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Joharis Lubis)

148	Social Science and Humanities	ABS-4
Needs Analysis of Teaching Materials for Editing Skills by Using 3D Page Flip Media: A Preliminary Study Achmad Yuhdi (a*), Malan Lubis (b), Rosmaini (b) Muhammad Joharis a) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia *achmadyuhdi[at]gmail.com b) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia Abstract Learning in the era of digital revolution 4.0 influences the direction of heutagogy learning which requires digital transformation by teachers to facilitate innovative learning and support the students^ independent learning. Therefore, this study aims to develop digital teaching materials using 3D Page Flip to support and improve the students^ learning independence. This article is part of a development research which focuses on the initial stage of need analysis of teaching materials for the editing skills by using prepared 3D page flip media. The study used a survey method. In this context, the survey study is designed to assess: (1) student characteristics, (2) teaching material resources, (3) learning competencies, and (4) teaching material design. The data were obtained by filling out an online questionnaire by using Google Form in which 125 students took the editing skills lessons. The questionnaire data were analyzed by using Weight Mean Score (WMS) to obtain an interpretation of the variables average. The results of the student questionnaire analysis show that the students need digital teaching materials, and agree to the development of the 3D Page Flip E-Book in editing skills lesons which can provide and support the learning experiences either independently or assisted by the teachers. Keywords: Editing Skills, Learning Independence, 3D Page Flip Media Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Yuhdi Yuhdi)

149	Social Science and Humanities	ABS-5
Feasibility Study of Audiovisual Learning Media in Case Method and Team Based Project Models in Creative Writing Courses Rosmawaty (a*), Muhammad Joharis (b), Ita Khairani (b) a) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Kenangan Baru, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia *rosmawatyharahap498[at]gmail.com b) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Kenangan Baru, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Sumatera Utara 20221, Indonesia Abstract The feasibility of presentation is how a teaching media is packaged, has value, and is attractive based on the systematic sequence of presentation of learning materials in the developed teaching media. This study aims to determine the feasibility of audiovisual learning media that has been prepared. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the teaching media developed received a good response from material experts on the feasibility aspect of presentation. The feasibility of presenting this material is obtained based on the results of the validation of a team of experts, namely material experts and design experts. Based on the results of the validation of a team of experts consisting of two material experts and one learning design expert who is a lecturer at the Unimed Faculty of Language and Arts, the teaching video media developed is in the ^very good^ category with a validation result percentage of 96.78% in the material aspect and the ^Good^ category with a percentage of 87% in the media design aspect. Based on these results, the next research steps in this development research series can be carried out. Keywords: video teaching media, case method, team based project, creative writing courses Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rosmawaty Harahap)

150	Social Science and Humanities	ABS-6
Analysis of The Need for Learning Materials for Literature Teaching Based on Respect Education in Unimed Atika Wasilah (a*) Safinatul Hasanah Harahap (b), Achmad Yuhdi (b) a) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Sumatera Utara 20371, Indonesia *atika_wasilah[at]yahoo.co.id b) The Faculty of Language and Art, Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Sumatera Utara 20371, Indonesia Abstract This research was motivated by the less than optimal use of teaching materials and the quality of learning in the Literature Teaching in Schools course. This study aims to identify problems in the implementation of teaching learning in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at Unimed and identify the need for the development of respect-based teaching materials. The type of research used is survey research. Data collection was carried out by interviews, learning observations, and filling out questionnaires related to the responses of students and lecturers who teach literature courses at school. The data obtained are in qualitative and quantitative descriptive form. Analysis of teaching material needs is based on several aspects such as material content, presentation, and media. Based on a survey conducted on problems in the implementation of learning, it is known that students do not have the ability to implement literary values in relation to character education and respect education in literature teaching activities at school. The results of the needs analysis also show that students need teaching materials for teaching literature in schools that can facilitate active and creative learning by integrating values of respect in education such as responsibility, respect, tolerance, peace, caring, fairness, and courtesy. Therefore, eduaction-based literature teaching textbooks are needed that are oriented towards cultural and civic literacy as well as digital, to facilitate students and lecturers in learning literature teaching courses. Keywords: needs analysis, teaching materials, literature teaching, respect education Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Atika Wasilah Wasilah)

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