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1	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-6
The Role of the To Cerekang Customary Law in Preserving Natural Resources Nurbaya Busthanul(a*), Pawennari Hijjang(b), Masyhur Syafiuddin(c), M. Rasda Rais(d), Erma Sulistianingsih(e), Nabilah Rahmawati(a) a)Department of Agriculture Social-Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University b)Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciens, Hasanuddin University c)Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University d)Barru Regency Food Crops Office e)Department of Environmental Management, Graduate Hasanuddin University Abstract As a community that is close to its natural environment, the availability, sustainability and sustainability of natural resources is determined by the role of customary law communities in preserving natural resources in their ulayat areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the To Cerekang customary law community in preserving natural resources. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study indicate that the To Cerekang customary law community has made several efforts in carrying out its role to preserve natural resources, namely establishing information boards and barrier signs around the Cerekang Indigenous Forest, conducting routine monitoring activities around the Cerekang customary forest, cleaning up trash on the edge of the forest. the Palopo-Malili axis road which is directly adjacent to the customary forest, and preserves the Cerekang River by cleaning up trash or tree branches in the Cerekang River. Keywords: Role, Customary Law, Preserving, Natural Resources Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurbaya Busthanul)

2	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-268
In vitro digestibility evaluation of the addition of chestnut tannins in complete feed silage Sadarman1,7,a, Dewi Febrina1,7,b, Dery Mastin2,c, Fitriawaty3,d, Danung Nur Adli4,7,e, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani5,7,f, Novia Qomariyah3,7,g, M. Fadhlirrahman Latief6,h 1 Department of Animal Science, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia 2 Graduate School, Department of Animal Science, Sultan Syarif Kasim State Islamic University, Pekanbaru, Indonesia 3 Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Sciences Center, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 4 Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia 5 Department of Animal Science, Politeknik Negeri Jember, East Java 6 Laboratory of Feed Technology and Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia 7Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. a) sadarman[at]uin-suska.ac.id, b) hanna_suska[at]yahoo.com, c) derymastin1[at]gmail.com, d) fitr049[at]brin.go.id, e) danungnuradli1994[at]gmail.com f) ranurfitriani[at]polije.ac.id, gnovi049[at]brin.go.id, h) Corresponding author: fadhlirrahman[at]unhas.ac.id Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of chestnut tannins as silage additives in complete feed on digestibility in vitro, conducted at the Dairy Livestock Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University. The Complete Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications was used in the commercial complete feed silage. The treatments were P1 = complete feed, P2 = P1+ chestnut tannins 0.50% DM, P3 = P1+ chestnut tannins 1% DM, P4 = P1+ chestnut tannins 1.50% DM, P5 = P1+ chestnut tannins 2% DM, further ensilage for 30 days, dried, and ground with a size of 1 mm, then tested in vitro with a Random Design of Group 5 treatments and five groups based on the day of rumen fluid intake. The parameters measured were the pH of the post-incubated rumen, and the digestibility of rumen fermentation (DM, OM, CP). The data obtained was analysed based on a variety of analysis, and when inter-treatment had a real effect, it was followed by a test Duncan level of 5%. The use of chestnut tannins as silage additives to ensilaged complete feed exerts a noticeable influence (P<0.05) on digestibility and rumen fermentation products in vitro. The addition of 0.50% DM chestnut tannins resulted in higher values for DMD, OMD, and CPD with values of 56.6%, 52.9%, and 58.9%, respectively. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of 0.50% DM chestnut tannins in complete feed silage can increase the digestibility value of rumen fermentation in vitro. Keywords: chestnut tannins, complete feed, digestibility, in vitro, silage Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Novia Qomariyah)

3	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-16
Sedimentation Analysis Using SWAT Model (Soil And Water Assessment Tool) In Mamasa Sub Watershed Nur Isra (a*), Usman Arsyad (b), Zulkarnain Chairuddin (c) a*) Environmental Resource Management, Postgraduate school, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia *isran21p[at]student.unhas.ac.id b) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia c) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia Abstract Erosion and sedimentation in the upstream area of the sub-watershed have resulted in a decrease in the quality of agricultural land, such as a decrease in soil fertility. This decrease in soil fertility is due to the loss of NPK nutrients that occur in the top soil. Erosion and sedimentation in the upstream area of the Mamasa Sub-watershed are caused by land degradation and forest conversion due to land expansion and shifting cultivation for the cultivation of cocoa, corn and coffee. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of sediment in the Mamasa Sub-watershed, Mamasa Regency using the SWAT model. This research was conducted in the Mamasa Sub-watershed from June to September 2022 through several stages in the form of literature study, primary and secondary data collection. Then proceed with laboratory analysis, making a base map to the data analysis process. SWAT requires input data in the form of land cover, soil type maps, slope maps, and climate data. The SWAT simulation was carried out in the 2012 to 2021 timeframe. The sedimentation values obtained from the SWAT model were sediment values from 0.06 to 34.073.01 tons/ha (55.34%), sediment values from 34.073.01 to 95.323.59 tons/ha (23.27%), sediment value 95.323.59 to 225.951.47 (13.51%), sediment values 225.951.47 to 442.013.09 (6.23%), and sediment values from 442.013.09 to 1,415.454.83 (1.66%). Based on this research, it can be concluded that the highest average sediment is found in the downstream area with an area of 38,875.66 ha Keywords: Sediment- SWAT Model- Sub Watershed Mamasa Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nur Isra)

4	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-272
Farmers^ perceptions of the accessibility of cattle feed in Aceh Tamiang Regency Yenni Yusriani1,a, Nora Usrina2,b, Fitriawaty1,c, Sari Yanti Hayanti1,d, Novia Qomariyah1,e, M. Fadhlirrahman Latief3,f 1 Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Sciences Center, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia 2 Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia 3 Laboratory of Feed Technology and Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the accessibility of the ease or difficulty of cow farmers in obtaining animal feed. The research was conducted in Air Tenang Village, Karang Baru District, Aceh Tamiang Regency, Aceh Province, from January-December 2019. The method of purposive sampling is a method of taking with a specific purpose, considering that the breeder^s sample has the necessary information for its research. Respondents were thirty-five farmers, with the provision of ownership of 3-5 cow, and had at least two years of breeding experience. Accessibility to the observed feed source is related to the origin of the feed, the distance of the location of the feed source and or travel time, the purchase of feed, the availability of labour and the time required to find feed. The results of the study are reported descriptively. The results showed that the average of the five changes observed, namely the origin of the feed, distance and travel time, labour availability, and time for finding and purchasing feed, obtained a consecutive score of 0.79- 0.78 - 0.83- 0.80 and 0.83 with a total score of 4.02. From the results of the study conducted, it was found that accessibility to cow feed sources in Air Tenang Village, Karang Baru District, Tamiang Regency was categorized as easy. Keywords: Accessibility, Air Tenang Village, breeders, feed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Novia Qomariyah)

5	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-27
Level of Population Socio-Economic Vulnerability Jeneberang watershed in South Sulawesi Province Andi Rachmat Arfadly (a*), Hazairin Zubair (b), Mahyuddin (b), and Andang Suryana Soma (b) 1*Post Doctoral, Study Program Agricultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia andirachmatarfadly[at]gmail.com 2 Lecture at Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Abstract The Jeneberang Watershed (DAS) has an important role, especially for the people in Gowa Regency who directly utilize the Jeneberang Watershed. Landslides and floods occur almost every year in the Jeneberang watershed area, based on data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) in 2004 there was a large landslide in the Jeneberang watershed which caused fatalities, while floods occur almost every year so it is important to know the social vulnerability and economy in the communities around the Jeneberang watershed. This study aims to identify the level of socio-economic vulnerability of the population in the Jeneberang watershed area, the government can determine the priority areas for handling disaster mitigation and formulate effective strategies to reduce this vulnerability. This research is located along the Jeneberang watershed which is located in eleven sub-districts in the Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The data used include primary and secondary data, primary data from questionnaires obtained from the community, community leaders and stakeholders and secondary data such as Landsat satellite imagery in 2020, socio-economic data from BPS, supporting data from relevant agencies or the Gowa Regency Office. The method used is to determine the parameters of social and economic vulnerability based on literature study and then weighting each parameter and then each parameter is analyzed using GIS (Geographic Information System) and MCDA (Multi Criteria Decision Analysis). Keywords: Socio-Economic Vulnerability, Watershed, MCDA, GIS Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Rachmat Arfadly Arfadly)

6	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-38
Soil Carbon Storage in Forest and Agriculture Land Use in the Tanralili Watershed Marselianti (a*), H Zubair (b), R Neswati (b) a) Environmental Resource Management, Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University *) marselianti1503[at]gmail.com b) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Abstract Soil is a long term carbon storage place in terrestrial ecosystem that plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Soil of organic carbon absorption is considered as one of the climate change mitigation strategies and is related to carbon storage in soil. The objectives of this study to identify soil carbon in forest and agriculture land use. This research was conducted in Tanralili Watershed. In this study, soil sampling was divided into three parts based on the depth, namely 0-20 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm with three repetitions using purposive sampling method. This research was carried out on seven types of land use (corn plantation, mixed gardens, pine forests, mixed forest, cloves plantation, horticulture, and coffee plantation). The physical and chemical properties of the soil observed in laboratory are Bulk density, Carbon organic soil, nitrogen, and C:N ratio. The result showed that the average soil carbon in the land use of corn plantation (UL1), corn plantation (UL2), Agroforestry (UL3), pine forests (UL4), mixed forest (UL5), cloves plantation (UL6), horticulture (UL7), and pine forest mixed coffee plantation (UL8) were 72 ton/ha, 70 ton/ha, 76 ton/ha, 80 ton/ha, 96 ton/ha, 77 ton/ha, 80 ton/ha, and 43 ton/ha, respectively. Soil carbon accumulation, based on content of decomposed soil organic, was mostly found in the top soil layer around 0-10 cm. Soil organic matter storage can be seen from the C:N ratio. High C:N content will reduce the ability to absorb soil carbon. Keywords: agriculture, carbon, forest, soil Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marselianti Tarra)

7	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-304
Landslide Prone Areas in South Makale with the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method Y. Sarma, A Ahmad and S Laban Hasanuddin University Abstract Landslides are one of the most frequent disasters in Indonesia. The Tana Toraja Regency, specifically in South Makale District, has not been spared from landslides. Therefore it is necessary to map landslide-prone areas to support landslide disaster mitigation efforts in the study area. This study aims to map landslide-prone areas and to determine the factors that most influence landslide events in Makale Selatan. The method uses a spatial analysis method with an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting method, with parameters- slope, rainfall, land use, soil texture, soil type, and rock formation. The Results show the occurrence of landslides in Makale Selatan is strongly influenced by the slope, which has the highest weight with a score of 41% compared to other parameters. The extent of landslide vulnerability is dominated by landslide-prone areas, with a percentage of 51.72% of the total area of the study. Land use as a residential area is almost 50% in areas susceptible to landslides. The slope strongly influences the incidence of landslides in the study area. The level of landslide hazard in the study area is dominated by moderate susceptibility. Keywords: landslides, susceptibility, disaster, mitigation, AHP Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asmita Ahmad)

8	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-61
Methane Gas Emissions (CH4) in Paddy Fields in Minasatene District, Pangkep Regency: Microbial Abundance Against Increased Methane Gas A Fadlilah (a*), M Jayadi (a), M Nathan (a) a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University *) annisafadlilah012[at]gmail.com Abstract Global warming caused by various human activities results in increased concentrations of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This causes the problem of climate change. One of the sources of Indonesia^s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comes from the agricultural sector. Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas and has a global warming potential 25 times greater than CO2. Paddy fields contribute to GHG emissions due to the condition of the rice fields which are always flooded which produce gases such as CO2, N2O and Methane (CH4). This study aims to determine the effect of microbial abundance on increasing emissions of methane gas (CH4) in paddy fields. This research was conducted by collecting samples in the field with variations at 30th, 60th, and 90th day after planting (DAP). The results of laboratory analysis showed that the results of C-Organic analysis were 1.45-2.56%, the results of soil microbial abundance analysis for the total bacterial population ranged from 1.2 x 104 - 6.3 x 105 (CFU/g) and the total population fungi ranged from 1.5 x 104 - 5.0 x 105 (CFU/g), and the results of analysis of CH4 at 30th DAP sampling from the three sample points ranged from 181.79 - 617.74 (mg/ m2/day). For the 60th DAP sample from the three sample points it ranges from 240.13 - 1888.57 (mg/m2/day). For the 90th DAP sample from the three sample points it ranges from 523.33 - 1959.90 (mg/m2/day). The results of the analysis of methane (CH4) emissions in one growing season show different values of methane emissions at different locations and sampling times. Keywords: Emission, Methane, Microbe Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Annisa Fadlilah Amalia)

9	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-331
Discovery of climate change that has an impact on the sustainability of rice farming that occurs in Sidrap Regency Ayu Anisa Amir1, Amir Yassi2, Andi Nixia Tenriawaru1, Ariella Ramadhani Putri3 1,Agribusiness Study Program, Socioeconomic Departement of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia 2Agronomy Departement of Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia 3Food Agribusiness Study Program of Vocational School Faculty Hasanuddin University, Soppeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Abstract Climate change that has hit Indonesia lately has had a lot of influence on farming. Sidrap Regency, which is a rice center that is still very dependent on nature, also feels the impact of climate change. This study aims to identify the forms of climate change felt by rice farmers in Sidrap Regency which have an impact on the sustainability of their farming. The research method used is a descriptive method with survey techniques. The research was conducted in Maritengngae and Duapitue Districts, Sidrap Regency. The sampling method used simple random sampling of 40 respondents in each region. It was found that the climate change experienced by rice farmers in Sidrap Regency was high rainfall, erratic weather, hotter temperatures, tornado natural disasters and reduced water resources in several areas in Sidrap Regency. The high intensity of rainfall is most felt by rice farmers in Duapitue District, while rice farmers in Maritengngae District do not feel other climate changes other than temperatures getting hotter. This shows that the two sub-districts have different microclimates, even though they are still in the same area of Sidrap Regency, which will affect the sustainability of rice farming. Keywords: Climate change, impact, farmers. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ayu Anisa Amir)

10	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-94
A Review of Data Mining Implementation on Agricultural Sustainability to Realize Food Security A B R Indah (a*) a) Industrial Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Gowa, Indonesia. *a.besseriyani[at]gmail.com Abstract Agriculture is a very vital sector in Indonesia, because agriculture is very influential in providing the main food source in Indonesia. Agriculture greatly affects the condition of food security in every country. Countries that have a good agricultural system will create good food security in the country. Agricultural modernization is urgently needed for agriculture and ensuring food security. Sustainability in agriculture can be realized if a country is able to predict the amount of people^s food needs and guarantee the supply chain. Data mining is able to make predictions related to decision making in terms of food security for agriculture. Therefore, a literature study was conducted on the implementation of data mining science to realize it in the agricultural sector with the aim of maintaining food security and ensuring its supply chain in Indonesia. With data mining analysis, it can be taken that ensures the agricultural sector with maximum food security strength. Keywords: Agricultural Sustainability- Food Security- Data Mining Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (A Besse Riyani Indah)

11	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-96
Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Cultivation Using Remote Sensing Data Trida Ridho Fariz Environmental Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang Abstract CH4 and NO are among the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Irrigated and flooded rice is associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Based on this, this article will try to examine greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation in Java, Indonesia. The data used is the Sentinel-5P remote sensing data which is analyzed through Google Earth Engine, next is rice productivity data from BPS. The two variables were analyzed using crosstab to determine the relationship between the two. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the concentration of greenhouse gases, namely methane, on rice productivity. Keywords: greenhouse gases, rice cultivation, remote sensing, google earth engine Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Trida Ridho Fariz)

12	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-98
POTENTIAL OF INDONESIAN INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY LOCAL WISDOM FOR FOOD SECURITY Dida Dirgahayu, Karman, Syarif Budhirianto Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) Abstract Abstract Most of Indonesia^s territoryis rular areas that have local wisdom in relation to food. This local wisdom provides a perspective on how to achieve food security based on cultural values. There is a synergy between food security and cultural preservation. This paper discusses the potential of local wisdom of Indonesia indigenous people to achieve food security. This study uses a qualitative approach. We collect data through literatur reviewers of scientific publications that examine food security in the context of sustainable development. We conclude that indigenous communities have uniqe local wisdom. This local wisdom has potential and provides perspective in the context of global issues (food security) Keywords: Indigenous community, local wisdom,food Security Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dida Dirgahayu)

13	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-103
Drought estimation from Vegetation Phenology Analysis of Maize in Indonesia Using Satellite Remote Sensing Muhammad Iqbal Habibie (a*), Nety Nurda (b) a) National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia *iqbalhabibie0684[at]gmail.com b) National Resilience Institute of the Republic of Indonesia (LEMHANAS), Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Climate has affected basic crops on a global scale. Indonesia is a developing nation, facing a great challenge for the climate change. Therefore, the study was proposed to analyze the vegetation phenology to forecast drought during maize production at the Central East Java areas of Indonesia. The study uses the vegetation to calculate the NDWI and Temperature (LST), calculate drought severity based on precipitation data. NDWI and LST were obtained from Landsat 8 OLI with a spatial resolution of 30 m and were used to identify water shortage and temperature within the study area. The study was observed in 2018 and showed that the vegetation phenology was based on the growing season. The growing season of maize report from the NDVI trajectories that April 2018 was the maize planting season, and the harvest was completed in later August. Additionally, LST analysis found that the temperature was higher in mid and southern Central East Java, Indonesia. To validate the data, rainfall information was used to compute the drought severity using SPI method to identify drought-prone areas. Drought severity validation data were validated for vegetation phenology analysis in 2018. Keywords: Vegetation Phenology indices- Drought- Maize- SPI- Precipitation- Satellite remote sensing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Iqbal Habibie)

14	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-169
Analysis of land suitability of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the humid tropics of South Sulawesi W A Yusuf, R Neswati*, M Nathan Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, 90245 *neswati76[at]gmail.com Abstract South Sulawesi is one of the largest clove-producing regions in Indonesia. The highest production was obtained in the Luwu Regency area, but there needs to be data related to the wide distribution of clove development potential, especially in the Bua Ponrang District, the primary producer of clove commodities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of clove plant land, which can show the area of its development potential in Bua Ponrang District, Luwu Regency. This study aims to analyze the suitability of land in the Bua Ponrang District for cloves, which can become a consideration for agricultural development in Luwu Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with simple limiting factors with soil suitability assessment performed by comparing soil and physical environmental data with the suitability requirements of clove. The sampling method was purposive, conducted for each land unit most representative of the land unit map where clove exists, overlaid with geological maps, slope class maps, and land use. The results of the analysis of the actual land suitability class, namely marginally suitable for clove (S3) to the boundary area of 6,227.18 hectares with limiting factors, namely air humidity, drainage, soil depth, total nitrogen (%), base saturation (%), available P (ppm) and slopes (%), which can be increased potential through improvement recommendations such as the addition of organic materials, fertilizers, and terracing (conservation). The land suitability class is unsuitable for clove in the 2,570.12-hectare interface with limiting factors for erosion and slope hazard. Keywords: land suitability, clove, Bua Ponrang District, simple limiting factors Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Risma Neswati)

15	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-189
AN OVERVIEW OF COCOA NIBS SHELL WASTE POTENTIAL TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Safira Nurul Izzah(1*), Eirene Brugman (2,3), Thabed Tholib Baladraf(4), Fitri Rachmadita(5) 1) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia 2) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia 3) Department Agroindustrial, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Jember, Jalan Kalimantan No. 37 Jember 68121, Indonesia 4) Food Quality Management, Wageningen University Research, Wageningen, Netherland, 6708 PB *Corresponding author: safira_ni[at]yahoo.co.id Abstract Around 40 cocoa industries were established in Indonesia, and about 400 thousand kg of cacao beans were used for end-product. Deforestation decreases the productivity of cocoa beans and increases greenhouse gas emissions. Besides, 80% of cocoa fruit also consists of pod, shell, and pulp, contributing to residual biomass increment in cocoa industries. Research on cocoa biomass potencies has been carried out in cocoa plantations and the cocoa industry. Cocoa shells have several chemical compounds that benefit agriculture products and environments, such as minerals and nutritional compositions. Cocoa Nibs Shell (CNS), one of the by-products of cocoa processing, wastes about 13% of its production. Therefore, this research aims to give an overview and determine the potential use of CNS waste in agriculture by analyzing the bioactive compound in CNS to add more value to cocoa waste and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the waste. The authors used X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to identify the bioactive compound in CNS. Subsequently, several bioactive compounds found in the XRF assay were P2O5, SO3, K2O, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, ZnO, Rb2O, SrO, BaO, Yb2O3, Re2O7. These bioactive compounds have a positive benefit to utilize in agricultue. MnO and Fe2O compounds are essential for fertilizer application. P2O5 and SO3 have potential benefits in crop protection. Moreover, CNS has a great characterization which is potential for biochar and bio-adsorbent on water irrigation treatment since it has carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen compounds. Those potencies are also essential to reduce industrial waste in cocoa and achieving sustainability. Keywords: Bioactive Compound, Biomass, Cocoa Plantation, Utilization, X-Ray Fluorescent Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Safira Nurul Izzah)

16	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-218
Bio-stimulants Derived from Seaweed Enhance True Shallot Seed (TSS) Growth Imas Rita Saadah (a*), Astiti Rahayu (b), Juniarti P. Sahat (b), Astri Windia Wulandari (b), Hadis Jayanti (b), Dwi Ningsih Susilowati (a), Chotimatul Azmi (a), Tri Handayani (a) a) Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor km 46, Cibinong, Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia *imas005[at]brin.go.id b) Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract The obstacles that farmers face by using the True Shallot Seed (TSS) due to the germination ability. In a laboratory level, the application of bio-stimulants was tested to enhance the TSS germination. Two types of bio-stimulants namely Bio A and Bio B with 16 treatment were tested with the TSS. Hypocotyl length, speed of seed germination, germination percentage, seedling growth rate, number of dead seeds and abnormal seeds, number of fungi-infected and bacteria-infected seeds were all measured. The results showed that soaking in Bio A for 1-3 hours reduced 38% - 46% of seeds attacked by seed-borne bacteria compared to controls. The Bio B treatment had a better effect on the speed of seed germination and germination percentage parameters, compared to Bio A. Keywords: Bacteria, Fungi, Germination, hypocotyl Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imas Rita Saadah)

17	Agriculture adaptation to environmental changes	ABS-230
THE POTENTIAL OF DEVELOPING LIVESTOCK COMMODITIES IN SUPPORTING THE AVAILABILITY OF ANIMAL PROTEIN IN SOUTH SULAWESI Andi Yulyani Fadwiwati1), Idaryani2), Sri Bananik Sugiman1), Muslimin1) 1)Research Center for Behavioral and Circular Economics, National Research and Innovation Agency 2)Research Center for Food Crops National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract The development of region-based livestock commodities is the first step and plays an important role in formulating regional food security policies derived from animal protein, particularly from the aspect of the availability of food derived from animal protein. This paper aims to determine the potential for the development of superior livestock commodities to support the availability of animal protein based on the level of capability or regional potential of each region/regency in South Sulawesi. This information can be used as a reference in determining the appropriate regional development method for the development of livestock commodities in South Sulawesi. The research method emphasizes the analysis of secondary data obtained from BPS South Sulawesi in 2021. To find out the present status and potential for the development of livestock commodities for each district, Location Quotien (LQ) analysis is used, using indicators of population size and production of livestock commodities. The results showed: 1) based on the potential for the development of livestock commodities, goats, laying hens and ducks were the best livestock commodities in South Sulawesi because they had LQ values > 1 spread across 13 regencies, the second was beef cattle in 12 regencies and the third are native chicken and horse commodities with their distribution found in 11 regencies, and 2) based on regional potential, the regions/districts that have the highest potential for development of livestock commodities are Gowa, Maros and Selayar Islands Regencies. Keywords: livestock commodity, Location Quotien, South Sulawesi Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Yulyani Fadwiwati Fadwiwati)

18	Agriculture engineering	ABS-3
Design of Small Gravity Drip Irrigation for Smallholder Farming in Water Scarce Region of Indonesia Reskiana Saefuddin1*, Zulham Sirajuddin2, Daniel Useng3 1 The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl.Raya Jakarta-Bogor km. 46 Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia. 2 Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.6, Dulalowo Tim., Kec. Kota Tengah, Kota Gorontalo, Gorontalo, 96128, Indonesia 3 Natural Resources Research and Development Center of Hasanuddin University (PSDA), Jl.Perintis Kemerdekaan 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia. Abstract Many of regions in Indonesia are suffering water crisis due to the annual precipitation is limited especially in arid and semi-arid regions which affects the agricultural production. Climate change are more severe threatening the global food and water security. thus, development of affordable irrigation for smallholder farms is crucial in order to increase agricultural production. The study aims to provide a better design and management of small gravity drip irrigation system for melon cultivation. The field experiments were conducted in farmer^s field located in Sinjai Regency to analyze the performance of small gravity drip irrigation system on melon cultivation. The technical design was determined by analysis of the water application uniformity and irrigation water productivity. The parameters of crops growth under small gravity drip irrigation were monitored during crop development stages and the irrigation water productivity was calculated after crop was harvested. As result, small gravity drip system performed well on crop performance and irrigation water productivity was 1.55 kg/m3. It can be concluded that small gravity drip irrigation system is a suitable strategy for irrigating melon crops in smallholder farm, reducing consumptive water use and increasing crop water productivity. Keywords: small gravity drip irrigation, smallholder farm, water use efficiency, melon cultivation. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Reskiana Saefuddin)

19	Agriculture engineering	ABS-13
Hydrological Characteristics Using the SWAT Model on Several Agricultural Systems in the Maros Karst Area Muh Abbas (a) Burhanuddin Rasyid (b*) Mahmud Achmad (c) a) Agricultural Systems Study Program, Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia b) Soil Science Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia * burrasyid[at]unhas.ac.id c) Agricultural Engineering Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract In the region of karst, there are valley areas that are used by the community as agricultural land. However, drought phenomena often occur in this area, so it is necessary to know the presence of water to support agricultural processes. This study aims to predict flow rates in several agricultural systems using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. SWAT was chosen because it can simulate the model with easy-to-obtain data. Required data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil type, and land cover to form a Hydrology Unit Response (HRU). Enhanced with climate data input to run SWAT Run. The scenario is done with Land Use Split in the HRU Definition menu. The results showed that forest vegetation defined as FRSE and FRST stored water better than AGRR and RICE agricultural lands. However, it is different for underground flow, that RICE can store better. The scenario results show a decrease in the value of surface runoff by 15.3% and an increase in lateral flow by 26% from the existing condition. The underground flow continued to increase but was not significant at 4.2%. Keywords: agriculture, flow, karst, model, soil, SWAT, water Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muh. Abbas)

20	Agriculture engineering	ABS-278
Mapping of Potential Evapotranspiration Rate in The First Growing Season (Rendengan) In Wajo District Samsuar(1), Husnul Mubarak(1), Nunik Lestari(2) 1Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Indonesia 2 Agricultural Technology Education Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract The Indonesian government is currently trying to increase the productivity of agricultural land by building irrigation infrastructure. In addition, efforts need to be made to optimize the availability of agricultural water sources which continue to decline. The high rate of water loss in agricultural areas is a new challenge in efforts to increase the productivity of existing land. Calculation of potential evapotranspiration is one of the important factors in calculating plant water requirements. This can be used as a reference in providing irrigation water to agricultural lands in accordance with crop water needs. The main obstacle faced in determining the value of potential evapotranspiration is the very lack of availability of climatological stations which are the source of data in determining the value of potential evapotranspiration. This study aims to obtain an overview of the evapotranspiration potential value in one of Indonesia^s national food barns in Wajo district. The results show that the use of global climatological data provided by Merra-2 can be used as a reference in calculating the potential evapotranspiration rate in an area. The results of climatological data analysis in calculating the potential evapotranspiration rate in several areas adjacent to Wajo Regency can be used as a reference in predicting the potential evapotranspiration rate. Utilization of geographic information system technology in interpolating potential evapotranspiration values in several areas can provide a detailed description of location-specific potential evapotranspiration rates. The results of the calibration of global climatological data with direct measurement data in the field can provide information on the value of potential evapotranspiration in a spatial-based area. Keywords: Evaporation Potential, Climatological, Crop Water Needs Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Husnul Mubarak)

21	Agriculture engineering	ABS-288
Effects of Using Tractors and Providing Organic Materials on Soil Compaction on Performance of Corn Plants &#12310-Suki Mariadi&#12311-^*, Iqbal, Sitti Nur Faridah Hasanuddin University Abstract In Indonesia, most of the corn cultivation process is still done manually. This is not efficient because the need for labor in corn cultivation is quite large. Efforts to increase productivity and efficiency in corn cultivation are made by using agricultural tools and machinery. The use of agricultural tools and machinery in corn cultivation is carried out from the stage of tillage through planting, weeding, fertilizing, pest and disease control, and harvesting. This activity can have a negative impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The provision of organic matter can reduce the negative effects of the use of agricultural tools and machinery. In addition, the result of this research activity is an increase in corn productivity due to the addition of organic matter to the land. Keywords: Tractor, Compaction, Corn Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suki Mariadi)

22	Agriculture engineering	ABS-291
IMPLEMENTATION OF POSITION CONTROL, ANTI-SWAY AND ANTI-COLLISION SYSTEMS ON A RUBBER TYRED GANTRY CRANE FOR HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY Andi Muh. Farid Parenrengi, Abdul Kadir Muhammad and Pria Gautama Manufacturing Engineering Master Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract The purposes of this study are to formulate the mathematical model of the system, to propose an effective control scheme to meet safety requirements for human and environment, and to perform simulations and experiments on a laboratory scale gantry crane. The system used in this paper consist of a trolley, a spreader and its load, and an asynchronous motor to drive the trolley. Mathematical model of trolley position and load angle were formulated based on torque-frequency characteristic curve. Two proportional (P) controllers were designed in such a way to drive the trolley, to reduce the sway and to avoid collisions of the load. The system and the proposed control scheme were confirmed through experiments. The simulation and experimental results revealed that the position and the sway of the system can be controlled effectively. Keywords: Anti- sway, anti - collision, gantry crane, position control. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Kadir Muhammad)

23	Agriculture engineering	ABS-292
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNET OF THINGS - BASED MONITORING SYSTEM ON A RUBBER TYRED GANTRY CRANE FOR HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY Agung Tri Pamungkas, Ahmad Zubaer Sultan, Arman and Abdul Kadir Muhammad Manufacturing Engineering Master Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract The purposes of this study are to design an internet of things - based monitoring system to meet safety requirements for human and environment, and to perform simulations and experiments on a laboratory scale gantry crane. In this study, several sensors were used, namely a lidar sensor to detect the safe distance of the gantry crane, a gyro sensor to measure angle of the load to achieve a stable position and an RFID sensor to detect the spread position of containers and a load cell to measure weight of the load. Hoist and trolley encoders are used to detect the position spreader. All sensors will be connected to the controller and the stored data will be sent to the server via a LORA (long range radio) based communication system. The results of this sensor reading will be presented in a web-based dashboard monitoring system. Features of this monitoring system are equipment functions, alarm journals, notifications of spreader conditions and crane performance which will make it easier to monitor crane work systems in real time. The monitoring system was examined through laboratory scale experiments. Results of the experiments are presented and discussed. Keywords: anti - sway, anti - collision, gantry crane, monitoring system. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Kadir Muhammad)

24	Agriculture engineering	ABS-293
ENERGY HARVESTING ON VIBRATION OF A WATER TURBINE USING A PIEZOELECTRIC GENERATOR TO SUPPORT ELECTRIFYING AGRICULTURE PROGRAM Dedy Yanto, Abdul Kadir Muhammad and Arman Manufacturing Engineering Master Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract The purpose of this study is to harvest vibration energy of a water turbine in a hydro power plant in a laboratory scale environment. The system used in this paper consist of an accelerometer to measure acceleration of the vibration, a piezoelectric generator to convert vibration energy to electric power, a clamp part to hold the piezoelectric generator, and a capacitor. Vibration analysis was performed to find frequency of the area around the water turbine using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The generated electric power was stored in the capacitor. The results of analysis and experiments are presented and discussed. Keywords: electrifying agriculture, energy harvesting, piezoelectric generator, vibration. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Kadir Muhammad)

25	Agriculture engineering	ABS-294
AN OMNI-DIRECTIONAL MOBILE ROBOT USING DEEP LEARNING AND INTERNET OF THINGS FOR AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSES APPLICATION Febriyanti, Abdul Kadir Muhammad, Imran Habriansyah and Indarwati Center for Mechatronics and Control System, Mechanical Engineering Department, State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract The purposes of this study are to develop an active caster robot for agricultural warehouses application, to develop deep learning - based computational codes and to perform laboratory scale experiments. The system used in this paper consist of four dc motors as actuators, four ultrasonic sensors to keep the robot from crashing into shelves or other objects, a box used as a storage container for goods with an ultrasonic sensor to detect the presence of goods, and a camera. Deep learning method was used to keep the robot on the track. An internet of things - based control system was designed to control the robot. Performances of the robot were examined through laboratory scale experiments. The results of the conducted experiments are presented and discussed. Keywords: deep learning, internet of things, omni-directional mobile robot. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Kadir Muhammad)

26	Agriculture engineering	ABS-39
Practical Rain Measurement Subakho Aryo Saloko1, Olivia Elfatma1, Idum Satya Santi2, Arif Hidayat3, Muhammad Ridho3, Andre Kurniawan Siregar3, Rahmat Rofadil Rangkuti3 1 Prodi Pemeliharaan Kelapa Sawit, Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Prodi Agrotek, INSTIPER, Indonesia 3 Prodi Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit, Akademi Komunitas Perkebunan Yogyakarta, Indonesia subakho.as[at]akpy-stiper.ac.id Abstract Watering is a very important thing at the plant nursery stage. Without proper watering, the growth of the seedlings will be disrupted. In the process of watering must pay attention to several things, such as watering time and water discharge. At this time, most independent smallholders do not understand how to use a rain gauge or what is often called an ombrometer. These farmers prefer to use the old way of looking at the state of the soil in the watering process rather than using an ombrometer. In this case, as we know, buying an ombrometer is quite expensive. An ombrometer is a rain gauge which is also often referred to as a rain gauge. This tool is installed in an open place without protection or shade so that rainwater will be caught directly by this tool. The unit used is millimeters with an accuracy of reading up to 0.1 mm. Currently, practical rain gauges that are self-made without using factory machines are still not validated. The purpose of this research is to the results of simple ombrometer (C) accuracy and precision tests compared to Observatory Ombrometers, Ordinary Ombrometers, and Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The location of the research test was in the oil palm nursery area at the Research and Experimental Garden of the Yogyakarta Community Plantation Academy. Rainfall data were obtained from Nine Practical Rain Gauges (C), Observatory-type Ombrometers (A), Ordinary Ombrometers (B), and Automatic Weather Station (AWS). Statistical methods are used to test accuracy and precision. The results of the C test compared to AWS have a precision value of 95.9% and an accuracy of 88.7%. Comparison of C with A shows a precision value of 99.6% and an accuracy value of 98.3%. The results of testing C against B show a precision value of 99.5% and an accuracy of 97.5%. Keywords: Ombrometer, Validation Test, Flushing, Accuracy Test, Precision Test Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Subakho Aryo Saloko)

27	Agriculture engineering	ABS-65
AN IRRIGATION TELECONTROL SYSTEM OPERATED BASED ON HORTICULTURAL CROP (VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE) GROWTH AND INDIGENOUS WISDOM Mahmudi, Sensus Wijonarko, Tatik Maftukhah, Purwowibowo, Jalu Ahmad Prakosa, Dadang Rustandi, Siddiq Wahyu Hidayat, Hari Pratomo National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract Precise watering for horticultural crops is essential. In case it is over-irrigated, the horticultural crops become rotten. On the other hand, the horticultural crop growth and the production yield can not achieve optimum. This study aims to develop an irrigation telecontrol system based on horticultural crop growth and indigenous wisdom. The horticultural crops are watered according to the necessity of the crop growth and many other variables collected as indigenous wisdom. The system was conducted using the research and development method. The laboratory testing result shows that the system can work properly. The watering follows the cropped graphic or the input entered by the operator as a representative of indigenous wisdom. Keywords: irrigation telecontrol- horticultural crop- indigenous wisdom Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahmudi Mahmudi)

28	Agriculture engineering	ABS-325
Moisture Sorption Isotherm Characteristics Of Sago Flour Suciati Adil (a*), Junaedi Muhidong (a), Diyah Yumeina RD (a) a) Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia *suciatiadil20[at]gmail.com Abstract The equilibrium moisture content of sago flour is a quite important information, especially for predicting shelf-life of the product which can be affected by various factor, such as temperature, relative humidity, and packaging condition. This research was conducted to study the characteristic of moisture sorption isotherm and to determine the best mathematical equation model in studying the isotherm sorption characteristic of sago flour. Sago flour was stored in an incubator at humidity range of 10 to 80% with temperature variations of 30 C and 40 C. Humidity setting was done using various types of salt solutions. This study showed that all the sorption curves were found to be Type II. The higher the RH in the incubator, the higher the equilibrium moisture content of the material. Meanwhile, the water sorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature. Different models were fitted to the data, including Oswin, Chung Pfost, and Caurie model. The Chung Pfost model was found as the best model to represent the experimental data in water activity range 0.1 to 0.8. Keywords: Sago flour- Moisture sorption isotherm- Chung Pfost model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suciati Adil)

29	Agriculture engineering	ABS-72
Study on The Morphology of Kailan (Brassica oleraceae) Plants Due to a Decrease in Soil Water Content Sitti Nur Faridah, Samsuar Samsuar, Husnul Mubarak and Tisha Aditya Jamaluddin 1Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hanasuddin, Makassar, Indonesia. 2Energy Conversion and Conservation Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Kailan (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) often also called to as Chinese broccoli or Chinese kale, is included in the group of leaf vegetable plants that have high economic value. Kailan plants contain nutrients that are quite complete and very good for health. In 100 grams of fresh kailan plants contain vitamin A, vitamin B1, fat, calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. Increased air temperature and extreme weather that causes drought have an impact on decreasing food production. The decrease in the availability of soil water content is an environmental condition where plants do not receive sufficient water supply, so that plants cannot carry out the growth and development process optimally. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of kailan plant on dusty clay soil for various field capacity water contents. The application of water supply is carried out at 60%, 40% and 20% of the water content of the field capacity for kailan plants during the growing period to harvest. The results obtained that the water content of field capacity in dusty clay: 36.50%. The decrease in the water content of the field capacity from 60% to 40% and 20% resulted in a decrease in plant growth respectively- plant height 9.07% and 39.95%, leaf area 43.42% and 60.09%, and fresh weight 46.86% and 78.53%. Keywords: Kailan, Water Content Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Husnul Mubarak)

30	Agriculture engineering	ABS-95
Erosion Rate Analysis Using the SWAT Method (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) in the Tanralili Sub-watershed Tri Linda Sari (a*), Sumbangan Baja (a), Asmita Ahmad (a) *) trilindaaa12[at]gmail.com a) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Hasanuddin University Abstract Background. The main problem of damage to land resources in watersheds is caused by erosion due to land conversion. Erosion occurs due to several factors, namely rainfall, topography, soil, vegetation, and human activity. Aims. Knowing the spatial distribution of the hydrologic response unit (HRU) and analyzing the level of erosion using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) in the Tanralili Sub-watershed, Tompobulu District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Method. The erosion rate was analyzed using the SWAT method with several stages: delineation of watershed boundaries, analysis of HRU (Hydrological Response Unit), merging climate data and HRU, running SWAT and calibration and validation, and soil texture with hydrometer method, C-organic analysis with Walkley and Black method, and calculations of soil permeability by the permeameter method. Results. The research area has an average annual rainfall of 2,867 mm/year. The dominant soil characteristics have clay texture, C-Organic 0.70-1.98%, and permeability 0.06-2.75 cm/hour. The number of HRUs formed is 44 units. The erosion rate was divided into five classes, namely very light 23.06% (6.450,47 ha), light 13.09% (3,661,73 ha), moderate 9.34% (2.611,78 ha), heavy 11.21% (3.137,39 ha), very heavy 43,31% (12.116,42 ha). Calibration and validation obtained values of R2 (coefficient of determination), and NSE (Nash Sutcliffe) are 0.629 (satisfactory) and 0.64 (satisfactory). Conclusion. The class of heavy-to-very heavy erosion reached 54.51% of the total area of the Tanralili sub-watershed. It shows that the Tanralili Sub-watershed area needs to immediately apply conservation techniques to sustain the use of the Sub-watershed. Keywords: Erosion, HRU, Tanralili Sub-watershed, SWAT Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tri Linda Sari)

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