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181	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-47
Immuno-modulatory Activity Comparison of Black Tea Kombucha (Camelia sinensis) and Arabica Coffee Leaves Tea Kombucha (Coffea arabica) for Salmonella typhi-infected mice Elok Zubaidah (a), Aulia Riska Iastika (b*), Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih (a), Kiki Fibrianto (a) a) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65145 b) Clinic of Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia 65145 *auliariska.iastika[at]gmail.com Abstract This study aimed to compare between black tea kombucha and Arabica coffee leaves tea kombucha on immunomodulatory activity on Salmonella typhi infected mice. The trial animals were divided into 2 groups; the infected and the non-infected group.. Each group consisted of controls group, the black tea kombucha group, and the Arabica coffee leaves tea kombucha group. Both types of tea kombucha increases the adaptive immune response as shown by an improvement of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ IFN\gamma, CD4+TNF\alpha, CD8+IFN\gamma, and CD8+TNF\alpha. It was also suggested that immunomodulatory activity of black tea kombucha was higher than that of Arabica coffee leaves tea kombucha. Keywords: kombucha, Arabica coffee leaves tea, black tea, Salmonella typhi, immunomodulators Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aulia Riska Iastika)

182	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-54
Development of Spatial Model and Flexible Model for Prediction of Low Birth Weight Events in East Java Province Waego Hadi Nugroho (a), Agus Dwi Sulistyono (b*), Atiek Iriany (a), Novi Nur Aini (c) (a) Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya (b) Department of Socio-Economy Fisheries and Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya *agusdwistat[at]ub.ac.id (c) Student at Magister Program of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract The incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia is still relatively high. Based on UNICEF data, Indonesia ranks 78th in the world in LBW cases, with a percentage of 10% of birth rates in Indonesia. Based on data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), the incidence of LBW in East Java Province is still relatively high at 20,836 people in 2016 and as many as 14,882 people in 2017. Many factors cause LBW, especially during pregnancy. Research on LBW about the risk factors has been carried out by several researchers, but the exposure of the study is still limited with tables, diagrams, or graphs as well as linear regression models or other univariate models. The purpose of this study is to establish a location-based LBW prediction model. This research was conducted using a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model based on location in the City / District in East Java and a flexible model with a deep learning approach. Endogenous variables (Y) used are LBW events in East Java and exogenous variables are Percentage of Early Marriage (X1), Human Development Index (X2), Number of Health Facilities (X3), K1 Visit (X4), K4 Visit (X5), Consumption of Fe 30 (X6), and Consumption of Fe 90 (X7). Based on the results of the analysis using the GWR model, global equation models are obtained and local models as many as 38 models with R2 = 82.06%. While based on the results of the analysis with a flexible model with a deep learning approach, the model is obtained with R2 = 84.8%. From this study, it can be concluded that the GWR model and the flexible model have relatively the same level of accuracy. However, the flexible model can show the nonlinear effect of the variables X1 and X3. Keywords: Low Birth Weight, Geographically Weighted Regression, machine learning, spatial model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agus Dwi Sulistyono)

183	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-68
The Potential of Robusta and Arabica Coffee Leaves Tea Kombucha as Hyperglycemia Therapeutic Agent in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats Septi Darlia Putri*, Elok Zubaidah, Yunianta Departemen of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia *septidarlia[at]gmail.com Abstract Kombucha is a drink made from stepping tea and sugar fermented by symbiotic bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Commonly, kombucha is made from tea leaf (Camellia sinesis). The previous study showed that kombucha can be made from other plants containing high phenolics compounds, such as coffee leaf. This research used the old coffee leaves cultivar from Dampit, Malang Regency (Arabica and Robusta) as the raw material to produce kombucha. The study conducted to explore the potency of coffee leaf kombucha as hyperglycemia therapeutic agent in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats compared with green tea and black tea kombucha. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats were orally supplied with kombucha at dose of 5 ml/Kg body weight per day for 28 day. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured every week in day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. At the end of treatment, rats were sacrificed. Their bloods were collected and submitted to various biochemical measurement including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level. Their pancreas tissue was dissected to perform immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The data obtained analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence interval of 95% and followed by BNJ test with a confidence interval of 95%. The results demonstrated that all kombucha (black tea, green tea, Arabica and Robusta coffee leaf tea) were capable of reducing FPG, MDA, TC LDL, TG, and as well as increasing HDL of STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Nevertheless, the ability of black tea and Arabica coffee leaf tea kombucha to manage hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia appeared to be superior to others. All kombucha were also capable of regenerating pancreatic cells. Black tea kombucha provide the highest number of pancreatic beta cells, and significantly different from green tea and robusta coffee leaf tea kombucha. The finding revealed that kombucha administration induced attractive curative effects in diabetic rats and that can be considered as potential candidate for future application as functional food for treatment of diabetes. Keywords: Coffee Leaf; Robusta; Arabica; Kombucha; Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperglycemia Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Septi Darlia Putri)

184	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-79
The Potential of Various Seeds as Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Protein Hydroysate: A Literature Review Anugerah Dany Priyanto1, Angky Wahyu Putranto2*, Jue-Liang Hsu3,4 1Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia 2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 3Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan 4Research Center for Austronesian Medicine and Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan *Corresponding email: angkywahyu[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) plays an imperative role in the blood pressure system. It generates strong vasoconstriction by converting angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. Counter regulation of ACE may reduce blood pressure. One of most frequently used as medication for treatment of hypertension cases is synthetic drugs to inhibit ACE activity. However, long-term consumption of those drugs could lead to suffer dangerous and unpredictable side effects. There have been many studies recently concerning the bioactive peptides as ACE inhibitors derived from various seeds. It has been reported that several non-thermal extraction methods were used to obtain the protein from inside the cell. However, there was lack of information focusing on ACE inhibitory peptides from plant biomass. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize and gather the point of view of the plant-derived ACE inhibitory peptides from raw material sources, processing, and peptide sequences studies. This paper contributed to explain a comprehensive review of ACE inhibitory peptides from edible materials and proposes a fascinating discussion due to the sources being discovered derived from edible protein and safer grade. Various seeds in Indonesia may have future potential for ACE inhibitory peptides as natural therapeutic agents. Keywords: ACE inhibitory peptide, natural medicine, functional food, plant biomass, seed protein Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anugerah Dany Priyanto)

185	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-188
SIWAK EXTRACT AS A NATURAL ANTI-HALITOSIS MOUTH SPRAY Ruri Siti Resmisari (a*), Septian Tri Wicaksono (a), Nur Alfiani (a), Safira Rachmadani Nur Effendi (a) a) Biology Department Science and Technology Faculty Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang *ruri[at]bio.uin-malang.ac.id Abstract A persons level of self-confidence is judged by their appearance, attitude, and health. One pathologist that is often experienced by people, in general, is bad breath or halitosis. Bacteria that play a specific role in halitosis are anaerobic. One solution to overcome bad breath due to the development of bacteria in the oral cavity is to use siwak spray. Siwak solution is obtained through maceration. The results of maceration go through several stages of testing namely, organoleptic testing, pH testing, and anti-bacterial testing through Nutrient Agar (NA). Analysis of quantitative data obtained using the Friedmann method. The organoleptic results at several qualities, the concentration of 1% that was most accepted by the panelists were 111 (76.66%), in the bacterial inhibition zone anti-bacterial test at the optimal concentration of 2% of the other concentrations. In the pH test, the concentration of 1% includes the solution that best matches the pH of 6. Keywords: Anti-Halitosis, Mouth Spray, Siwak Extract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ruri Siti Resmisari)

186	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-213
Physical and Chemical Contents Analysis of Instant Herbal Beverages to Improve Body Immunity Ika Atsari Dewi (a*), Panji Deoranto (a), Ardaneswari Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi (a) (a) Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia *ikaatsaridewi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The development of herbal beverages as Indonesian heritage from traditional forms to become instant herbal beverages that have been processed into the form of powder or drink is estimated to be able to improve the quality of the herbal beverages. This herbal beverages have several health benefits such as the presence of antioxidant compounds that can capture free radicals to maintain immunity. The form that is easy to consume is believed to be more efficient in time and still maintain the quality of the medicinal plants. The objectives of this research are to produce empon-empon-based herbal beverages from the commodities of white ginger, curcuma, cinnamon, finger roots and sweetener addition, and to find out the physical and chemical contents of the herbal beverages produced. The research method was conducted by making two kinds of drink formulations consisting of: 1) finger roots, curcuma, cinnamon, palm sugar/honey, 2) ginger, curcuma, cinnamon, palm sugar/honey. This research was tested with several observational parameters: organoleptic test, physical test with pH measurement, chemical test to see water and ash content, antioxidant test and DPPH antioxidant activity test. The expected results are instant herbal beverages in the form of powder put into tea bags or instant herbal beverages ready for consumption with the observed parameter values expected to be able to adjust to the SNI standards on the quality of traditional beverage powder and ready to drink consumption. Keywords: antioxidant, instant herbal beverages, medical plants Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ika Atsari Dewi)

187	HEALTH, NUTRITION AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY	ABS-220
Wound Healing Process with Kersen Leaf Extract Gel on the Macrophage, Fibroblast and Osteoblast Number in the Wistar Rats after Tooth Extraction Miftakhul Cahyati* Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Corresponding author : miftacahyati.fk[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Tooth extraction causes damage to soft and hard tissue. The kersen leaf Muntingia calabura l. extract gel containing flavonoids, tannins dan saponins that it can increase the number of macrophages, fibroblast and osteoblast which will migrate to the wound area then wound healing will be fast. This research aimed to know the influence of the kersen leaf extract gel. toward the number of tooth extraction macrophages, fibroblast and osteoblast in wound healing process of Wistar rat. The research method used was true experimental using the Post Test Only Randomized Control Design Group in Wistar rat. The sample was split randomly and divided into 6 groups, the control groups who were not given the kersen leaf extract gel and the treatment groups was given a kersen leaf extract gel and was decaputated in day 3rd, 5th, and 7th. Hard tooth tissue was taken and Hematoxylin Eosin staining. The results of the independent t test showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group p <0.05. Macrophages at 3rd day, fibroblast at 3rd day and osteoclast at 7th day. The conclusions of research on the kersen leaf extract gel have an effect on the amount of tooth extraction macrophages, fibroblast and osteoblast of Wistar rat. Keywords: Kersen, Macrophages, Fibroblast, Osteoclast, Tooth Extraction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MIFTAKHUL CAHYATI)

188	INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING	ABS-82
Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of Recombinant Endo- &#946--1,4-D-Xylanase Of Bacillus sp. From Soil Termite Abdomen Safitri Eka(2), Hanifah(2), Previta(3), Sudarko(1), Tri Puspaningsih(3), Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi(1,2) (1) Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Jalan Kalimantan 37, Jember 68121, Indonesia (2) Graduate School of Biotechnology and PUI-BioTIn, University of Jember University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia (3) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia Abstract A novel endo beta 1,4 D Xylanase (xynBT) was isolated from Bacillus sp in termite abdominal soil. This enzyme is believed to produce XOS from cassava waste as a substrate. Since many agroindustrial wastes are a potentially valuable resource for industrial exploitation, this work aimed to cloning, overexpression, and endoxylanase enzyme characteristics. xynBT was successfully cloned in E. coli TOP 10 and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) via pET30a. DNA sequence is containing an ORF of 801 bp nucleotide encoding a 267-aa. The molecular mass was 30 kDa. Based on the similarity (99%) of amino acid sequences, this enzyme is classified as a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 11. (rXynBT), which has been purified, shows an optimal pH and temperature of 4,6 and 40 degree celcius, respectively. Purified rXynBT was the most stable at pH 4 for up to 120 minutes pre-incubation time and had relative activity of 83%. This was stable at 30 until 40 degree celcius during 80 min pre incubation time with a relative activity of more than 50%. The presence of metal cations Kalium and Natrium on rXynBT increased its activity, while the metal cations Magnesium, Copper, Zinc and Iron on rXynBT were inhibitors. Keywords: purification- soil termite abdomen- xylanase Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (EKA SAFITRI LAILATUL AINI)

189	INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING	ABS-133
Biorefining of Chemical Pulp by Using Cellulase Hendro Risdianto, Wibian Fajar Irianto Center for Pulp and Paper, MInistry of Industry Jl. Raya Dayeuhkolot 132, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA Abstract Refining in the paper industry is a process that energy consumed. Enzyme treatment can be used to reduce energy. In this study, cellulase was enzyme used for pulp pretreatment prior to refining in order to reduce the processing time. Cellulase dose of 2-5% was investigated in this study. The result showed that all cellulase treatment can reduce the processing time of refining at a freeness target of 40 SR compared to without cellulase treatment. The dose of 4% resulted in the most significant reduction in the processing time of refining. The cellulase pretreatment did not show a significant effect on pulp sheet quality i.e brightness, opacity, tensile strength, smoothness, and elongation. Keywords: cellulase, freeness, processing time, refining Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hendro Risdianto)

190	INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING	ABS-149
Characterization of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell (Cocos nucifera) through Chemical Activation Process Musthofa Lutfi (a*), Hanafi(a), Bambang Susilo(a), Joko Prasetyo (a), Sandra Sandra(a), Uke Prajogo(b) a)Department of Agricultural Engineering - Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145 Indonesia *lutfi[at]ub.ac.id b)Departement of Management, Malangkucecwara School of Economics, Malang, 65145, Indonesia Abstract Activated carbon is a material that widely used in industries as an adsorbent and purifying material. Moreover, activated carbon had an important role to improve product quality. Coconut shell has many advantages to be used as activated carbon sources as it has both a high mechanical strength and high pore space. This research aims to explore coconut shell as a activated carbon material through an immersion in phosphoric acid solution. The method is activation process in different condition i.e. H3PO4 concentration and immersion time i.e 1 M, 2 M, 3 M, 4 M and 5 M and immersion time 1 hour, 3 hour, 5 hour, 7 hour and 9 hour. The activated carbon characters evaluated were iodine number, density, water content and ash content. It could be concluded that the combination of 3M H3PO4 concentration with 9 hour immersion time was the best combination for producing activated carbon from coconut shell. It has the characters of iodine number, density, water content and ash content are 248.5811 mg/g, 1.3613 g/ml, 5.3628% and 2.1239% respectively. The phosphate acid concentration and the immersion time gave an actual effect on the activated carbon character such as iodine number, density, water content and ash content. Keywords: H3PO4 concentration, Immersion time, Iodine number, Carbon density Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Musthofa Lutfi)

191	INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING	ABS-161
Isolation Thermo-Tolerant and Ethanol-Tolerant Yeast from Local Vegetables and Their Potential as Bioethanol Producers Mochamad Nurcholis, Ricky Kurniawan, Joni Kusnadi, Jaya Mahar Maligan* Agricultural Product Technology Department, Agricultural Technology Faculty Brawijaya University of Malang Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145 *Correspondence author, Email: maharajay[at]gmail.com Abstract Bioethanol can be obtained from fermented ingredients containing starch, sucrose, glucose, or fructose. Yeast acts as a bioethanol producer, has limited tolerance to ethanol, and also cannot withstand temperatures above 40oC. Therefore, yeast is needed because it has a heat resistance and high ethanol in bioethanol fermentation. This research is a descriptive study conducted in three stages. The first stage is to isolate yeast from eggplant, cabbage, potatoes, mustard greens, bitter melon, squash, green beans, kale, and celery. The second stage is to test tolerant of the temperature and ethanol from yeast that has been obtained. The third stage is to test the productivity of ethanol in yeast. The results showed isolates S17c, S17d, S17a, S17b, S09, S12, S13a, S13b, S17e, S18a, and S18b can grow at 45oC. While in the ethanol tolerance test found that isolates S17c, S17d, S17b, S17a, S09, S12, S13a, S13b, S18a, and S18b can grow on YPGA media with 15% ethanol content. For the ability in ethanol production, isolate code S17d has the highest ethanol which produce 3.13% ethanol in 24th-hour fermentation. Keywords: Bioethanol, isolation of yeast, yeast, high ethanol, high temperature Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochamad Nurcholis)

192	INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING	ABS-162
Coconut Haustorium Preparation as a Source of Lipase which Contain of Maltodextrin Andi Nur Fajri Suloi (1), Meta Mahendradatta (1), Amran Laga (1), Andi Fitra Suloi (2) 1) Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, 90245 2) Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145 Abstract Lipase are a biocatalysts that hydrolyze ester bonds such as triglycerides to produce free fatty acids and glycerol. Coconut haustorium (kentos) is a source of lipase enzyme which is rarely used. The aim of this study was to optimize the preparation of coconut haustorium with the addition of maltodextrin as the filler. This study started by reducing the size of the coconut haustorium through shredded process. Then, the maltodextrin with various concentrations (0, 10, and 20) % was added to the coconut haustorium. After that, it was dried using a blower oven with a temperature of 40C for 9 hours. The parameters tested in the study were protein content, enzyme activity, water content, and yield. The best treatment in the preparation of the enzyme lipase from kentos was 20% addition of maltodextrin. This treatment gave the highest activity of 0,438 U/ml, protein content of 7,618 mg/ml, specific activity of 0.058 u/mg protein, water content of 18,96% and yield of 26,71%. Keywords: Activity, Coconut Haustorium, Drying, Maltodextrin, Lipase Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Nur Fajri Suloi)

193	INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING	ABS-207
Screening of keratinase-producing bacteria from rhizosphere for industrial applications Tunjung Mahatmanto (a*), Untung Murdiyatmo (b), Nabilah Rizka Estiningtyas (a), Ahmad Sultan Shalahuddin (a), Muhammad Yuda Dwitama Agustian (a) (a) Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia *tjmahatmanto[at]ub.ac.id (b) Lembaga Pengembangan Pertanian Berkelanjutan Jalan Griya Permata Alam, Ngijo, Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang 65152, Jawa Timur, Indonesia Abstract Keratin in hard tissues such as feathers and hair represents a rich source of proteins with significant valorization potential but the recalcitrant nature of keratin to hydrolysis limits their use. From an industrial perspective, microbial keratinases provide a means to access this potential but their local availability is scarce. To address this problem, we screened plant root-associated bacteria for keratinase activity and found three bacterial candidates with keratinase-producing ability. The crude keratinases displayed broad temperature (30-70 degrees Celsius) and pH (5-11) tolerance, highlighting their versatility. The microbial cultures displayed feather-degrading ability at room temperature, highlighting their potential use in an industrial setting with low energy input. Altogether, our study highlights that industrial needs might be addressed by exploring untapped local resources using basic methodologies and simple technologies. Keywords: Industrial microbes, keratinase, rhizosphere Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tunjung Mahatmanto)

194	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-28
Modeling and Optimization of KOH and Reaction Temperature to The Yield of CPO Using Response Surface Methodology Yusuf Hendrawan (a*), Daisy (b), Rizki Utami (a), Dimastyaji Yusron Nurseta (a), Rifqi Yudho (a), Bambang Dwi Argo (a), Bambang Susilo (a) a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia *yusuf_h[at]ub.ac.id b) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia Abstract Various studies have proven the effectiveness of the use of crude palm oil (CPO) as biodiesel. KOH and reaction temperature has an effect on biodiesel production. Many biodiesel studies use response surface methodology (RSM) optimization with excellent optimization results. In this research, RSM has been developed with central composite design (CCD) model using two inputs i.e. KOH concentration and the reaction temperature, and two responses i.e. biodiesel yield as quantity parameter and calorific value as quality parameter. RSM optimization result showed a parabolic curve with a maximization function with a quadratic mathematical model. The optimum solution obtained by RSM was KOH concentration of 1.08% (w/v) and reaction temperature at 60.11 C. Data validation at this research indicated actual value (obtain by experimental result) which was similar to prediction value (obtain from RSM). Meanwhile, biodiesel characteristics that had been produced included: viscosity 7.356 cst, water content 5.6%, density 0.864 g/ml, a flashpoint at 135 C, and calorific value is 9864.834 cal/g. Keywords: CPO; KOH; Response Surface Methodology; temperature Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Hendrawan)

195	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-76
Characterization of NCC synthesized from MCC using beads milling as a reinforcement for bionanocomposite films Arifin, H.R. (a*), Djali, M. (b) and Nurhadi, B.(c) (a*) Ph.D. Program in Agricultural Industrial Technology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Indonesia Correspondence: heni.radiani[at]unpad.ac.id (b,c) Department of Food Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Jatinangor, Indonesia Abstract At present, the synthesis of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is of high interest because of its usefulness in the field of life such as applications in bionanocomposite films. NCC is a renewable material because it comes from cellulose which is abundant in nature. Beads Milling is used in NCC synthesis because it is an environmentally friendly technology. Reducing the size from MCC to NCC using beads milling will change its characteristics. NCC has a large surface area, is easily bonded with other components, and withstands high temperature and pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in characteristics between NCC and MCC using synthesized beads milling. The method used was a descriptive exploratory experimental method. The results showed that NCC had a smaller particle size than MCC that was 410.3 nm, poly dispertion index (PDI) value was 0,993, potential zeta value was -29.3 mV, and FTIR test results showed that after milling the NCC did not change the functional group when compared to MCC, that was still had cellulose function groups. Keywords: Nanocrystalline Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, beads milling, characterization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Heni Radiani Arifin)

196	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-169
Co-digestion of cocoa husks and cocoa leaves: Effect of C/N ratio to biogas and energy potential Sri Suhartini, Muhamad Wahyu Roisul Hadi, Nur Hidayat Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract In Indonesia, energy needs are mostly fulfilled from non-renewable fuels. In the longer term, such practices may lead to energy crisis due to problems of resources continuity and availability. Therefore, development on renewable energy is remained as priority for Indonesian Government, one of which is from biomass sources. Indonesia has a vast and abundant biomass sources available for further transformation to bioenergy. Waste from cocoa plantation (e.g. cocoa husk and cocoa leaves), for instance, contain organic materials that are potential for biogas production. This research aimed to evaluate effect of C / N ratio to biogas production and energy potential from co-digestion of cocoa husk with cocoa leaves. The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test operated under batch and mesophilic condition for 28 days were carried out. The samples tested include blank control, positive control (α-cellulose) and co-digestion samples at different C/N ratio in the range of 22 to 25, prepared in triplicate. The results indicated that pH inhibition was not evident during the digestion process. The findings also confirmed that co-digestion of cocoa husk with cocoa leaves at much higher C/N ratio was able to enhance biogas production. Further estimation on the electricity potential showed a potential application of this co-digestion strategy for providing alternative renewable energy sources. Keywords: bioenergy; biomass valorization; cocoa waste; anaerobic digestion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Suhartini)

197	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-170
Effect of mixture ratio on co-digestion of vegetable and fruit waste with chicken manure and tofu dregs Sri Suhartini, Ade Septin Naraswati, Irnia Nurika Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) are generated in many traditional markets in Indonesia, and mostly disposed directly to landfill. Various studies highlighted that FVW can be further valorized either as bioenergy resources or other high value products. In this study, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and its electrical energy potential from co-digestion of FVW with chicken manure (CM) and tofu dregs (TD) were investigated. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). All treatments were prepared in triplicate at ratio of 100:0; 70:30 and 50:50, respectively. All individual anaerobic co-digestion tests of FVW with CM and TD were carried out at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 kg VS/m3/day. The effects of different feedstock ratio on stability and performance indicators were further evaluated. The biomass characterization analyses showed that FVW, CM and TD samples have high amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, indicating their suitability as feedstock for biogas production. All tested samples, before and after BMP test, have pH value well within the ideal range of 6.8-8.0, which indicating that there was no pH inhibition during the digestion process. Increasing co-digestion feed ratio of FVW: CM (70:30) or FVW:TD (70:30) was found to reduce biogas or methane potential. The theoretical estimation of electrical potential from co-digestion of FVW indicated that changing the feed to a ratio of 50:50, produced higher energy generation. This finding confirmed that co-digestion can be an option to enhance biogas and methane yield due to additional nutrient supply from the co-substrates. Keywords: anaerobic co-digestion; bioenergy; biogas potential; biomass valorisation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Suhartini)

198	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-174
Phenolic extraction from cacao pod husks- a route to waste valorisation Shinta Rosalia Dewi (a,b*), Lee Stevens (a), Derek Irvine (a), Rebecca Ferrari (a), Eleanor Binner (a) a) Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom *shinta.dewi[at]nottingham.ac.uk b) Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia Abstract As a primary waste-by product (ca. 70-75% of the total weight of cacao fruit), ten tonnes of wet cacao pod husks (CPH) are discarded to produce a tonne of dry cacao beans. Without any treatment, CPH can cause environmental problems, such as foul odour and black pod rot disease on cacao plantation. in 2019, Indonesia was estimated discard \pm420,000 tonnes of CPH, which only a small portion was directly used as fertiliser and animal feed or processed into soap and biogas. Meantime, CPH contains bioactive compounds, such as pectin, fibres, and phenolic antioxidant compounds, which can be valorised into added-value products. This study focused on the extraction of phenolic from CPH as an initial step to valorisation. Phenolic compounds were reported to have antioxidant activity to prevent lipid oxidation in food industries. Phenolic extraction was conducted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE). CPH was collected from Malang, Indonesia and then dried using forced air dryer at 50C. In phenolic extraction, the effect of solvent type and particle size were investigated to obatin high yield. The extract quality was presented as total phenolic content (TPC) which was measured by using UV/Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that solvent type and particle size had significant effects \left(p<0.5\right) on TPC yield. The appropriate solvent, 50%ethanol, yielded high TPC from CPH with particle <38micron, was about 101.08\pm1.87 mg GAE/g dw. Keywords: cacao pod husk, extraction, phenolic, microwave-assisted extraction, valorisation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shinta Rosalia Dewi)

199	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-197
Agricultural Waste Powered Microbial Fuel Cell: Sustainable Conversion of Waste to Energy Tutut Arinda Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract Microbial fuel cell is a promising alternative technology for sustainable renewable energy production. Using agricultural waste to power microbial fuel cell coupling wastewater treatment process with energy generation. Agricultural waste is rich in organic pollutants, suitable substrate for bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cell. Exoelectrogenic microorganisms in microbial fuel cell catalyse direct conversion of chemical energy in organic matters from agricultural waste into electrical energy. In this review, the role of agricultural waste from cattle manure, plant waste and food waste as a substrate in microbial fuel cell are discussed. The performance of microbial fuel cell using variety of agricultural waste are compared. Microbial fuel cell for agricultural waste treatment are discussed as stand-alone technology and integrated system. In the recent years, one of the bottleneck for microbial fuel cell scale up is high cost material. Agricultural waste derived biochar become one promising source for low cost material and has been applied in microbial fuel cell. This review discusses application of agricultural waste derived biochar in microbial fuel cell as catalyst, cathode material, anode material, and PEM material. Keywords: Microbial Fuel Cell, Agricultural Waste, Bioelectricity, Biochar Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tutut Arinda)

200	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-199
Potential Valorisation of Agro-Industrial Wastewater for Bioenergy Production Vitta Rizky Permatasari, Nur Hidayat, Sri Suhartini Department of Ago-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl Veteran Malang, Indonesia Abstract Agro-industries generate high amount of solid waste, wastewater and emissions. In Indonesia case, many small and medium scale agro-industries have problems in treating or in valorising their wastes. Specific to wastewater, due to lack of waste treatment facilities or financial support, as well as lack of policies enforcement, many agro-industries directly disposed the wastewater to the river bodies. Such practices can have a detrimental effect on the environment due to accumulation of both organic and an-organic pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the potential of various agro-industrial wastewaters (i.e. batik wastewater, tofu-processing wastewater and tempeh-processing wastewater) from Malang City as single feedstock for biogas production. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was employed under mesophilic condition and operated for 28 days. The results indicated that anaerobic digestion (AD) of tempeh-processing wastewater produced more biogas and methane potential compared to other wastewater samples. The specific methane potential (SMP) from AD of tempeh-processing wastewater was 0.027 m3/kgVSadded. However, the energy potential calculation indicated that using these wastewater samples was not feasible as single feedstock for anaerobic digestion system. Therefore, combining with other potential biomass feedstock as co-substrates is recommended for further in-depth investigation. Keywords: agro-industries; batik wastewater; biogas potential; tempeh-processing wastewater; tofu-processing wastewater Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vitta Rizky Permatasari)

201	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-204
Microbial biomass and phospolipid fatty acid (PLFA) profile changes in bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass from wheat straw. Irnia Nurika Agroindustrial Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract In conjunction with fungal biomass measurements, Serpula lacrymans was shown to grow very well on wheat straw solid state cultivation. This study aimed to determine the relative composition of PLFA during fungal growth. The PLFA analysis was carried out on the upper layer of the solvent extraction and was performed on the incubation series for up to 35 days. Relative abundant (%) of each fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) produced during the fungal growth was measured by comparing the amount of an individual FAME with total FAME detected. Meanwhile the fungal biomass was measured using ergosterol method and by using conversion factor the fungal biomass in wheat straw culture was calculated. The dominant PLFA released by the fungi were: 24:1n9 (nervonic acid), 18:1n9c (oleic acid), 16:0 (palmitic acid), and 18:2n6c (linoleic acid). The amount of PLFA produced on wheat straw solid-state cultivation correlated with the fungal biomass. This evidence showed that S.lacrymans could be suggested as the promising brown rot fungi, which is well suited to the bioconversion of wheat straw which required minimal external inputs. Keywords: bioconverson, wheat straw, fungal biomass, lignocellulose, Serpula lacrymans Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (IRNIA NURIKA)

202	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-215
Isolation, Selection, and Morphology Identification of Local Thermotolerant Yeast Isolate from Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java for Ethanol Production Suprayogi (a*), Retno Setyaningrum (b), Sri Suhartini (c) a, b, c, Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia * suprayogi99[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Keywords: Isolation, Fermentation, Ethanol, Kluyveromyces marxianus Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suprayogi Suprayogi)

203	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-224
The identification of ethanol and aromatic compounds production from delignification of Cacao pod husk using Phlebia sp.MG-60 Irnia Nurika; Zuliyan Agus Nur Muchlis Majid; Suprayogi Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract Biological pre-treatment of lignocellulose biomass from cacao pod husk by white rot fungus Phlebia sp.MG-60 can represent the integrated biorefinery concept. This agricultural residue can be effectively transformed to both renewable energy and high value added chemicals. The objective of this study was to identify the potential of white rot Phlebia sp. MG-60 to produce ethanol and aromatic compounds under consolidated biological processing (CBP). By adding the inducer (MnSO4), the results revealed that the addition of MnSO4 could escalate the activity of manganese peroxidase from Phlebia sp. MG-60 in order to depolymerize lignocellulose. Using LCMS-MS several aromatic compounds such as 2,3-Dimethylphenol, trans-Cinamic acid, caffeic acid, and vanillin were obtained from cacao pod husk incubated by the fungus for 28 days. Furthermore the amount of ethanol produced during the bioconversion process was 2g/L. Further studies are required to determine factors influencing optimal ethanol production. Keywords: ethanol; aromatic compounds; delignification; lignocellulose; Phlebia sp. MG-60 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (IRNIA NURIKA)

204	RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY	ABS-230
Green bio-aviation fuel production via deoxygenation reaction of non-edible oil using modified heterogenous catalyst Raja Mohamad Hafriz bin Raja Shahruzzaman, Nor Anisa Arifin, Fazril Ideris, Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri, Afifi Akhiar, Saifuddin M Nomanbhay, Abd Halim Shamsuddin Institute of Sustainable Energy (ISE), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Malaysia. Abstract Nowadays, the aviation fuel demand is increasing as a result of the rise in global air traffic. The current aviation fuel (or called aviation gasoline) used for piston engines are mainly produced from petroleum which calls for more study to develop fuel from renewable resources such as edible and non-edible oil. Conversely, petroleum-based aviation fuel has a negative impact on the environment, mainly through the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). In order to reduce this GHG emission, catalytic deoxygenation is a selected process that has been developed in converting renewable resources to renewable aromatic and drop-in fuel. Catalyst is one of the essential parts for chemical reactions to occur in the deoxygenation process, which could affect inhibit side reaction, reaction rate, product composition and biofuel quality. In producing high quality of bio-fuel, modified zeolite-based catalysts have been studied in deoxygenation of edible oil. Use of catalysts in the deoxygenation process can increase the yield of bio-aviation fuel via the deoxygenation process by improving efficiency and reducing coke formation. Moreover, the use of catalyst also resulted in the decrease in oxygen contents of bio-aviation fuel and consequently increases in its heating value. Several types of heterogeneous zeolite catalysts have been reported for widely used as the catalyst for the petroleum and petrochemical industry. Therefore, a heterogeneous catalyst such as zeolite catalyst is chosen as an availability catalyst for bio-aviation fuel production. Therefore, it is a priority to study zeolite catalyst by using various low-cost metal (including molybdenum and nickel) via precipitation technique of catalyst preparation on targeting a high yield of kerosene carbon number fuel. Keywords: Bio-aviation, Zeolite, Deoxygenation reaction, non-edible oil Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman)

205	WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ABS-10
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL FROM MAIZE CULTIVATION AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AND BIOCHAR COATED UREA FERTILIZER IN RAINFED LOWLAND AREA CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA Ali Pramono, Terry Ayu Adriany, Helena Lina Susilawati, Mas Teddy Sutriadi Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Intitute, Jln Raya Jakenan-Jaken Km 5 Pati, Central Java. Abstract Biochar is a pirolysis product that used for soil amendments and could be applied as organic fertilizer and biochar coated urea. Biochar increased organic matter stability and mitigate to climate change by carbon sequestration and reduce N2O emission. The aim of this study was to know the effect of biochar coated urea fertilizer on global warming potential (GWP) and the economic feasibility on maize cultivation in rainfed lowland area. The study was conducted at Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) in Pati, Central Java during July to October 2017. Six treatments were used as follow, 1) FYM Phonska Urea prill, 2) FYM Phonska Biochar coated urea, 3) Biocompost Phonska Urea prill, 4) Biocompost Phonska Biochar coated urea, 5) Sludge Phonska Urea prill, and 6) Sludge Phonska Biochar coated urea. All of treatments were given 3 ton/ha of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer at the same rate. Gas sampling was done by closed chamber method. The results showed that biochar coated urea application combined organic fertilizer could reduce GWP (CO2e) by 12.4% compared to urea prill application. The highest GWP was determined the application of Sludge Phonska Urea prill by 8.9 ton CO2e per ha. The highest of maize grain yield was Biocompost Phonska Biochar coated urea application by 7.29 ton per ha. Biochar application in agricultural ecosystems is a potential solution to mitigate climate change and supporting to food security. Keywords: Biochar, CO2 and N2O emission, global warming potential, maize Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ali Pramono)

206	WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ABS-12
Assessing Indonesian sugarcane farmers perceptions of climate change Achmad Saiful Alim, Rizqi Sari Anggraini Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development Abstract Climate change is expected to have severe economic, social and environmental impacts on Indonesia. Here we focus particularly on sugarcane farmers in West Java. Analysis of historical climate data shows a downward trend in annual rainfall in the last 20 years. The rainfall pattern in this area is monsoonal with a peak from December to January and a dry season from June to September. Future climate scenarios indicate that precipitation will decrease particularly from November to December, which coincides with the planting time for a new cane crop. Increased probability of drought at this time has been identified as the major climate change impact on sugarcane farmers. The temperature is predicted to increase but will remain within the crop tolerance range, therefore is not expected to be a significant issue. This research seeks to gain insights from the farmers themselves on their adaptation responses based on questionnaires. Data were collected from 210 individual respondents in Cirebon Regency. The study examines how farmers perceptions correspond with the climate record. The farmers perceptions of climate change are in line with data records. The factors that influence farmers perceptions were analyzed by an econometric approach using binary logistic regression. The results showed that farmers perception of climate change was significantly related to education, farming experience, effort to irrigate, sugarcane variety, and the age of crops. We are skeptical about the reality of these perceptions. Keywords: climate change, uncertainty, perception, adaptation, agriculture, sugarcane Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Saiful Alim)

207	WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ABS-40
Assessing Land Degradation as The Impact Of Deforestation due to Expansion Of Oil Palm Plantation in Rokan Hulu, Riau Achmad Saiful Alim, Rizqi Sari Anggraini Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development Abstract In Riau province, Sumatra much of the deforestation has been associated with the extension of oil palm plantations on soils that are particularly vulnerable to soil erosion and land degradation. Most of the deforestation in Riau occurred on highly erodible Ultisols, on slopes steeper than 7 degrees and under a high and erosive rainfall regime, which, taken together can result in a high risk of soil erosion and land degradation. Land degradation depends on soil erodibility, climatic factors expressed as rainfall erosivity, and slope conditions. This research aims to determine the impact of deforestation, particularly in the form of the risk of land degradation. The rate and extent of deforestation determined using remote sensing data published from reliable sources. The risk of land degradation assessed through an analysis of soil erosion in Riau Province by using published soil survey information and data to calculate soil erodibility and by combining this with other factors such as rainfall erosivity for the region and an assessment of slope factors. The estimation of the risk of land degradation has been achieved by a quantitative assessment of the potential soil erosion loss by applying the USLE (Universal Soil Lost Equation) to discrete land facets within Riau Province. The result of this study indicates that slight and moderate risk erosion class were dominant over most of the study area with an area of 239,389 ha (47.92 %) and 129,391 ha (26.23 %) respectively. About 25% of the study area was predicted to suffer from erosion risk of more than 60 ton/ha/year. Keywords: Land degradation, soil, erosion, Riau Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Saiful Alim)

208	WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ABS-50
CHARACTERISTICS CARROT (DAUCUS CAROTA) OF APPLICATION RESULTS OF GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA ONE STEP TOWARDS A FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTAL CULTIVATION I Gusti Ayu Lani Triani (a*), Soemarno (b), Bambang Tri Rahardjo (c) and Elok Zubaidah (d) (a) Doctoral Student, Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia * lanitriani[at]yahoo.com (b) Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia (c) Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia (d) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia Abstract Carrot cultivation uses the application of growth-promoting bacteria to reduce the use of chemicals during cultivation, as well as towards organic farming. This research was conducted in Mayungan Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan, Bali. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) during cultivation as well as the characteristics of carrots produced. This research uses factorial group design with 2 factors. The first factor is the duration of soaking the seeds with PGPR namely 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes, the second factor is the use of PGPR when watering the plants in the beds, namely: 0; 1.25; 2.5 and 3.75 cc L-1. Observations included the amount of harvest, residual levels of insecticide, beta carotene levels, vitamin C, total dissolved solids, texture and brightness levels. The results showed that the use of PGPR did not affect the amount of yield but the profenofos insecticide residue levels were not detected, the results compared with conventional carrots. Carrot cultivation by handling soaking seeds for 10 minutes and using PGPR when watering plants in beds as much as 1.25 cc L-1 with characteristics of beta carotene levels of 54.90 mg 100g-1, TPT 3.03 %brix, Vitamin C 195.32 mg 100ml-1, texture 36.75 kg.m sec-2 and brightness levels 40.07. Keywords: carrots, PGPR, organic farming and characteristics. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Gusti Ayu Lani Triani)

209	WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ABS-77
PHYTHOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS COMPOST IN GERMINATION OF CORN (Zea mays L.) Niken Rani Wandansari(1), Soemarno (2), Retno Suntari (3), Syahrul Kurniawan (4) (1) Postgraduate Program; (2), (3) dan (4) Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java Abstract This study aimed to determine level of maturity and stability of various types of compost using phytotoxicity assessment based on seed germination, root elongation and germination index of Zea mays L. Compost made from by-products from a sugar mill (filter cake and bagasse), market organic-waste, and water hyacinth. The water extract concentration of each compost used in this assessment was 10%. Results showed that every compost used was mature and stable with a GI value range at 134 to 201%. Furthermore, compost indicates very low toxicity because it had the SG and RE index > 0. The treatment of water extract of compost affected significantly on the seed germination rate, primary root elongation and growth speed of corn seeds. The highest of seed germination rate and seed growth speed were obtained at the market waste compost extract, which was consecutively 100% and 17.0% / etmal. While the length of the primary root was obtained at the filter cake compost extract which reached 4.18 cm. It is suggested that compost can be applied to agricultural lands and has positive effects on the initial growth of plants. Keywords: organic waste, germination index, toxicity index Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Niken Rani Wandansari)

210	WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	ABS-102
Study of the potential use of rainwater as a clean water with simple media filters S D Muktiningsih* and D M A R M S Putri Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia *satwika.dm[at]gmail.com Abstract Clean water provides an essential role for all living things to stay alive. However, the availability of freshwater in Indonesia is insufficient to fulfill the total need for clean water, especially in a drought. One of the alternative sources of freshwater in Indonesia is rainwater. The simple filtration is a filtering technology with a variety of media (sand, gravel, activated carbon). This research proposes to develop rainwater filtration utilization from a pure material that very easy to found. A literature study from several studies is conducted regarding the use of rainwater as clean water with the filter made from simple stuff to improve access to the freshwater by utilizing simple filtration technology. The step of simple filtration technology development is rainwater collection, and then it is filtered using the filter media. This filtration consists of quartz sand, gravel, fibers/baffle, and charcoal with various types and heights. The standard parameter of the water quality used in this study is based on the Ministry of Health Regulation No.416/Menkes/Per/IV/1990. The results of this study are the composition of gravel filter media, zeolite, activated charcoal, sand, and sponges with total thicknesses is 105 cm and the time needed to carry out the filtration for 10-15 minutes to shows the potential of rainwater as a source of clean water which compatible with standards quality to fulfill the daily needs. The thicker of the filter media will result in cleaner water, but it requires a longer time. Keywords: Rain Water, Filtration, Clean Water Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Satwika desantina Muktiningsih)

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