Modeling and Optimization of KOH and Reaction Temperature to The Yield of CPO Using Response Surface Methodology
Yusuf Hendrawan (a*), Daisy (b), Rizki Utami (a), Dimastyaji Yusron Nurseta (a), Rifqi Yudho (a), Bambang Dwi Argo (a), Bambang Susilo (a)

a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia
*yusuf_h[at]ub.ac.id
b) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia

Abstract

Various studies have proven the effectiveness of the use of crude palm oil (CPO) as biodiesel. KOH and reaction temperature has an effect on biodiesel production. Many biodiesel studies use response surface methodology (RSM) optimization with excellent optimization results. In this research, RSM has been developed with central composite design (CCD) model using two inputs i.e. KOH concentration and the reaction temperature, and two responses i.e. biodiesel yield as quantity parameter and calorific value as quality parameter. RSM optimization result showed a parabolic curve with a maximization function with a quadratic mathematical model. The optimum solution obtained by RSM was KOH concentration of 1.08% (w/v) and reaction temperature at 60.11 C. Data validation at this research indicated actual value (obtain by experimental result) which was similar to prediction value (obtain from RSM). Meanwhile, biodiesel characteristics that had been produced included: viscosity 7.356 cst, water content 5.6%, density 0.864 g/ml, a flashpoint at 135 C, and calorific value is 9864.834 cal/g.

Keywords: CPO; KOH; Response Surface Methodology; temperature

Topic: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND BIOREFINERY