The Potential of Various Seeds as Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Protein Hydroysate: A Literature Review Anugerah Dany Priyanto1, Angky Wahyu Putranto2*, Jue-Liang Hsu3,4
1Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
2Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
3Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
4Research Center for Austronesian Medicine and Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
*Corresponding email: angkywahyu[at]ub.ac.id
Abstract
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) plays an imperative role in the blood pressure system. It generates strong vasoconstriction by converting angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II. Counter regulation of ACE may reduce blood pressure. One of most frequently used as medication for treatment of hypertension cases is synthetic drugs to inhibit ACE activity. However, long-term consumption of those drugs could lead to suffer dangerous and unpredictable side effects. There have been many studies recently concerning the bioactive peptides as ACE inhibitors derived from various seeds. It has been reported that several non-thermal extraction methods were used to obtain the protein from inside the cell. However, there was lack of information focusing on ACE inhibitory peptides from plant biomass. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize and gather the point of view of the plant-derived ACE inhibitory peptides from raw material sources, processing, and peptide sequences studies. This paper contributed to explain a comprehensive review of ACE inhibitory peptides from edible materials and proposes a fascinating discussion due to the sources being discovered derived from edible protein and safer grade. Various seeds in Indonesia may have future potential for ACE inhibitory peptides as natural therapeutic agents.
