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1	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-5
Heavy metal content in the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides due to the application of various types of manure Mahayu Woro Lestari Dept of Agrotechnology Agriculture Faculty University of Islam Malang Abstract In Indonesia, vegetable farmers use manure to increase production, which is contaminated with deposits of heavy metals, in some parts of the plants, and this is capable of influencing human health. This study, therefore, aims to determine the content of heavy metals in the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides, due to fertilization, involving the use of several types of manure. Furthermore, it is possible to apply the results in the establishment of dose limiting policies for vegetable crops, in an attempt to prevent dangers to the consumer. The tested sources consisted of chicken, goat, and cow manure, as well as a control (without manure), and each was applied at a dose of 20 tons/Ha. Meanwhile, the third leaf of the upper part of the plant was analyzed using AAS, to determine Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. Therefore, the results showed the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides fertilized with 20 tons had -1 of chicken manure, cattle manure and goat manure had low heavy metal (below the set threshold of 50, 100-400, and 5-30 ppm for Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively). However, at a dose of 20 tons Ha -1, the leaves pastored with goat and cow manure had a high content of Cu (209.78 and 530.90 ppm), which are higher than the established threshold. Meanwhile, those fertilized with chicken compost, had better area and plant height value, compared to the goat and cow sources. Keywords: Crassocephalum crepidioides, fertilizer, heavy metal, manure Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahayu Woro Lestari)

2	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-15
Study of Mathematic Modeling on Ginger Geometric Changes during Drying using Image Processing Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra(*), Diah Ajeng Setiawati, Murad Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pangan Dan Agrondustri, Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit 62 Mataram 83125, Indonesia *guyupmdp[at]unram.ac.id Abstract Many studies have examined the drying process, but only a few studies have examined shrinkage as one of the parameters that affect drying. Depreciation of agricultural products can have an impact on damage and reduce quality. The purpose of this study was to examine the shrinkage pattern of product size during drying using regression of mathematical model approach. The method used was experimental with sliced ginger as material. The equipment used was a rack-type hybrid dryer and a set of image capture devices. The results of this study indicate that to dry the sliced ginger from 90 percent to 9 percent moisture content required approximately 8 hours. The results of image processing showed shrinkage that occurs in sliced ginger was 52.49 percent. The most accurate mathematical model describing the prediction of sliced ginger shrinkage during drying was the 2nd order polynomial regression model with the equation R2 value of 0.99. Keywords: drying; mathematic model; shrinkage; sliced ginger Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Diah Ajeng Setiawati)

3	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-21
LAND CONVERSION FROM COFFEE TO CITRUS AND CHANGES OF FARMERS LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY (CASE IN PAL 7 VILLAGE, BERMANI ULU RAYA SUBDISTRICT, REJANG LEBONG REGENCY, BENGKULU) Andi Ishak, Herlena Bidi Astuti, Shannora Yuliasari, Wahyuni A. Wulandari, Irma Calista, Miswarti, and Yudi Sastro Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Bengkulu Jl. Irian km. 6.5 Bengkulu, 38119 Abstract The development of agricultural commodity in rural areas has the potential to cause changes in farmers livelihood strategies because of the social relations of rural production based on agrarian. This study aims to analyze the process of coffee to citrus conversion in Pal 7 Village and changes in the livelihood strategies that accompany it. The study was conducted in April to June 2019 through a survey of 116 citrus farmers. The data collected is emphasized on the process of developing citrus areas and changes in farmers livelihood strategies. In addition, interviews were also conducted with key informants to confirm and deepen the results of the survey. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the development of the citrus area in Pal 7 occurred since 2014 which was driven by the existence of pioneering farmers as movers, motivation of farmers to plant citrus gardens, credit facilities from banks, and seed assistance from the government. Farmers high motivation caused them to convert coffee plantations and shrubs into citrus plantations. Coffee to citrus conversion is done through three patterns namely insert, stepwise, and direct cutting. The development of citrus areas causes changes in farmers livelihood strategies. As many as 35.34% of farmers changed their main source of income, mainly from coffee farming and artisan / labor to citrus farming. Keywords: area development; RGL citrus; coffee; land conversion; livelihood strategy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Ishak)

4	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-25
A Review: Tensile Strength Testing for Starch Based Bioplastics Using Melt Intercalation Method Azmi Alvian Gabriel, Anggita Fitri Solikhah* Study Program of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia Kompleks PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, Jl. Veteran, Kb. Dalem, Sidomoro, Kebomas, Gresik Regency, East Java 61122 *anggita.solikhah16[at]student.uisi.ac.id Abstract Plastics were commonly used as packaging materials for primary, secondary, and tertiary needs. However, the continuous use of plastic was inadequate for the environment. The research that was developing to address the use of conventional plastics is bioplastics. Bioplastics undergo faster degradation but had low mechanical strength and were hydrophilic in nature. One of the main ingredients of bioplastics was starch. The tensile strength of bioplastics based on the classification of starch sources that tuber-based bioplastics show the best tensile strength interaction. (18,49 - 89,32). Glycerol was the most widely used plasticizer because glycerol has the best interaction ability compared to other plasticizers when combined with starches with different characters, either by adding various types of fillers or without adding fillers. The types of fillers that were commonly used are chitosan, clay and ZnO. Keywords: bioplastics, filler, plasticizers, Melt Intercalation, Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anggita Fitri Solikhah)

5	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-27
Effect of Carbonization Temperature and Activating Agents to The Characteristics of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Yusuf Hendrawan (a*), Dimastyaji Yusron Nurseta (a), Rizki Utami (a), Daisy (b), M Ilham Akbar Trilaksana (a), Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan (a), Yusuf Wibisono (a) a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia *yusuf_h[at]ub.ac.id b)Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia Abstract This study aimed to analyse the effect of carbonization temperature and type of activating agent which were best to be used in the chemical activation process in the manufacture of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The process of making activated carbon consisted of three stages i.e. dehydration, carbonization, and activation process. The experimental design used was a randomized block design arranged as factorial with two factors i.e. the first factor was variations of carbonization temperature: 300 C, 400 C, and 500 C; the second factor was the variations of activating agent type: ZnCl2, CaCl2, CH3COOH, and without activation. The results showed a very significant effect on the carbonization temperature and the type of activating agent. The best results were achieved by the treatment of 500 C carbonization temperature and activating agent type of CH3COOH. The characteristics of the best-activated carbon consisted of 5.78% ash content, 19.84% volatile matter content, 74.39% fixed carbon content, the adsorption of iodine solution 1007.320 mg/g, Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area up to 1110.87 m2/g and had a surface hollow structure and open pores with a weight percentage atoms component of carbon reached 77.132%. Keywords: Activated carbon; activating agent; carbonizations; palm fruit bunches Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Hendrawan)

6	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-29
Classification of Total Carotene and Quality of Chili Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Based on Image Analysis Yusuf Hendrawan (a*), Rizki Utami (a), Dimastyaji Yusron Nurseta (a), Daisy (b), Sri Nuryani (a), Dewi Maya Maharani (a), Sandra a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia *yusuf_h[at]ub.ac.id b)Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia Abstract The process of sorting the chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) is done physically, based on the visual color uniformity of the skin of the human eye. This method is not effective and efficient. This study aims to identify the total content of carotene in chili pepper using the color and textural features approach. Color feature extraction used is the value of RGB, HSV, HSL, XYZ, CMY, CMYK, Lab, LUV, LCH, grey color, and 10 textural features from each color space. The feature extraction results were used to identify the total carotene content by the image analysis method. The image of chili peppers used was 360, consisting of 300 training data and 60 test data. Classification test results with a level of 20% produce the best parameters as an indicator of total carotene chili pepper i.e. hue mean features with a range for quality A (55.04> hue mean > 32.15), quality B (19.80> hue mean> 12.21), quality C (3.55> hue mean> 1.93), and 80% accuracy using the confusion matrix and mean square error (MSE). Keywords: chili pepper; image analysis; total carotene; quality Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Hendrawan)

7	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-34
Edible film printing machine based on automatic casting knife A W Putranto, M M Sakhbani, N H Khoir, N Mutiarani and B Susilo Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia Abstract The development of edible films has been widely applied in recent years as an environmentally friendly food packaging, increasing shelf life and improving food quality. One of the biggest challenges in the process of making edible films is the printing process. The resulting edible uniformity level can reduce the main function of the edible film as a food packaging. Therefore in this study the design of edible film printing machine was carried out using knife casting and can adjust the height of the edible solution automatically. The printing machine was composed of 3 main components namely plate, pouring and automatic casting knife. It was also designed for laboratory scale with the dimension of 1200 cm length, 50 cm width, 30 cm height, pouring speed of 28 ml/sec, plate speed of 20 mm/sec and the accuracy of knife casting thickness of 99.3%. By the uniform thickness and shorter processing time for printing, this machine was expected to be the solution for the realization of Indonesian green packaging in industrial revolution 4.0. Keywords: edible film, printing machine, casting knife, automatic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Angky Putranto)

8	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-66
The Sustainability Challenges of Poultry Industry Integrated in The Post Pandemic Covid-19: a literature review Ika Yunita (a), Sawarni Hasibuan (b) (a)(b) Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia Abstract Increasing concern for quality and the environment has been a driving factor for sustainability studies for various industries, including the poultry industry. The poultry industry, especially in broiler products, is an industry that has a complete supply chain component from the upstream to downstream sectors. The literature review on the dimensions of sustainability used literature published over the past ten years and for a literature review on the socio-economic and environmental implications of the Covid-19 pandemic using the latest literature and discussions with relevant experts. The purpose of this review literature is to elaborate on the dimensions of sustainability in the poultry industry as a basis for the development sustainability of the Indonesian poultry industry sustainability in post-pandemic Covid-19. In the upstream segment, large companies have developed and controlled industries ranging from breeds, feed, and drugs and vaccines, which in their role act as a driving force for input suppliers. The downstream processing of poultry is not only successful in the domestic market but has also reached the global market. Mapping the challenges of the sustainability dimension of the supply chain of the poultry industry will be evaluated by taking into the new normal era. Keywords: covid-19, new normal, sustainability, poultry Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ika Yunita)

9	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-81
Performance of the solar distillation pyramid type to distill seawater into freshwater Retno Damayanti, Gunomo Djoyowasito, Firza Ahmad Dharmawan Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Coastal communities have had difficulty in getting drinking water or freshwater. The solution is to distill seawater into fresh water through the implementation technology of the solar distillation pyramid type. This technology utilizes solar thermal energy (greenhouse effect) and to help speed up the condensation process watering is done on the roof of the distillation. This research aims to determine the performance of the solar distillation pyramid type with the dripping water method and determine the effect of water treatment on the roof of the greenhouse on the temperature with the volume of water produced from the distillation process of seawater. About 4000 mL of seawater put into the distillation, then the heating process will be carried out by sunlight, which causes seawater to evaporate on the roof of the distillation and to accelerate cooling by water on the roof so that differences in ambient temperature and inside distillation. The water vapor that is formed will turn into water and drip on the walls of the glass room which is then accommodated by waterways and reservoirs. The research results efficiency of solar distillation type pyramid about 27.13%. With the method of dripping water method obtained as much as 2317 mL of freshwater, whereas if without watering treatment about 2057.5 mL. Keywords: Distillation; Fresh water; Seawater; Solar distillation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Retno Damayanti)

10	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-91
Analysis of Water and Light Sensors in Rice Dryers Shafiq Nurdin (a*), Khoirul Hidayat (b), Hisbullah Maulana (a) (a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Unisma Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia. *kreativitas.isme[at]gmail.com (b) Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Trunojoyo University, Indonesia Abstract The rice drying system in Indonesia is still inefficient, especially for drying now using the old method using conventional drying. So it requires a large area in drying rice yields and requires a lot of energy. Therefore it is necessary to make appropriate technology for rice dryers with a combination of conventional drying systems by adding sensors. The method used in this research is the Quality Function Deployment method. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of the rain sensor functions optimally when the sensor is exposed to water splashes then sends a signal to Arduino Uno by closing the roof by moving the power window. The LDR sensor, as a light sensor works when the light intensity standard that is set is met and sends a signal to Arduino Uno to open the roof by moving the power windows. The roof cannot open if the two sensors are not free from several conditions, including wet conditions on the rain sensor and intensity standards that are not met or far from the set standards. It is hoped that with the right technology, this rice dryer can help farmers in drying rice. Keywords: Development; QFD; Rice Dryer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Khoirul Hidayat)

11	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-111
The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Candlenut (Aleurites Moluccanus) at Different Submerge of NaOH Concentration Darmanto(a*), Gunomo Jowowasito (a), Zaqlul Iqbal(a), Ekoyanto Pudjiono(a), Mustofa Lutfi(a), Arifka Intan Savira(a) a) Agricultural Engineering Department of Universitas Brawijaya. Jalan Veteran Malang 65145 *) darmanto_sm[at]ub.ac.id Abstract This research aimed to analyse some physical and mechanical properties of candlenut at different submerge of naoh concentration. The sample was submerged by five different concentrations (3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%) of NaOH with one liter of water as a solvent. After submersion, the samples dryed using oven machine and then tested using Brazilian testing machine. Physical and mechanical properties of these samples were then examined comprising compressive load, required energy to damage shell, kernel intactness, and MWD. The results showed that the NaOH concentration very affected the compressive load and the required energy to damage shell.In other hand, The NaOH concentration did not effect the kernel intactness and the MWD. Keywords: physical properties; mechanical properties; candlenut; NaOH concentration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Darmanto Darmanto)

12	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-115
Predicting Sweetness Level of Avomango (Gadung Klonal 21) Using Local Polynomial Regression Approach Millatul Ulya(a), Nur Chamidah(b*) a) Ph.D. Student of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia a) Study Program of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Trunojoyo Madura Jl. Raya Telang, Kamal, Bangkalan, Indonesia b) Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia Abstract One aspect of the mangos maturity is the fruits sweetness. Mature Avomango has a high degree of sweetness, characterized by a high total soluble solid (TSS) content. Currently, there are many non - destructive tests using Near Infra-Red (NIR) spectroscopy to find out the TSS content. NIR spectroscopy generates spectra data which can be used as predictors to predict Avomangos sweetness level. This study aims to predict Avomangos level of sweetness by using multipredictor local polynomial nonparametric regression approach. In this study, we use 100 samples of Avomango divided into two parts, 80 as in-samples and 20 as out-samples. Based on multipredictor local polynomial regression estimation result, we obtain mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are 0.239 and 3.911%, respectively. It means that the multipredictor local polynomial estimator has been suitable to use for predicting Avomangos sweetness level. Keywords: predicting, sweetness level of Avomango, Gadung Klonal 21, multi-predictors local polynomial. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Millatul Ulya)

13	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-123
Analysis of The Challenges for Achieving Business Agility in The Agroindustry with Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) Approach Puti Retno Ali (a), Machfud (b), Sukardi (c), Erliza Noor (d), Dwi Purnomo (e) a,b,c,d) Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia e) Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Padjajaran University, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Indonesia poultry industry has very tight competition, both internal and external. In the national level, competition from upstream to downstream is controlled by a few players, both of whom control more than fifty percent of the market share in Indonesia. The obstacles faced for export is the health issues related to Avian Influenza, means export is still beyond capabilities for the chicken meat. Therefore, poultry industry must have business agility to survive in the business. Business agility is the ability of an organization to embrace the market by responding effectively and quickly to opportunities and threats found in the internal and external environments. The purpose of this paper is to work out the connection between the challenges and to spot the main influential challenge to achieving business agility with Interpretive Structural Modelling. Seven numbers sub element of relevant challenges is identified from the literature and discussion with the business agility expert and the poultry industry practitioners. The structured challenge model will help to know the interdependence of the challenges to achieve business agility. Keywords: agroindustry; business agility; chicken meat industry, ISM Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (puti retno ali)

14	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-132
Physicochemical Characterization of Biodegradable Plastik of Uwi Tuber Starch (Dioscorea alata) with Plasticizer Addition of Sorbitol and CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) Dina W Indriani, Sumardi H Sumarlan and Siti Munawaroh Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Uwi tubers (Dioscorea alata) are widely used as biodegradable plastic materials because it contains high starch of 75,6 ~ 84,3%. Biodegradable plastic can be used as a decent food wrapping. The purpose of this study is to study the process of making biodegradable plastics and analyse the effect of a adding CMC and sorbitol plasticizers on the physicochemical properties of biodegradable plastics from uwi tuber starch with various parameters, solubility, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, modulus Young, compressive strength, biodegradability and surface morphology of functional groups. The making of plastic biodegradables is based on the melt intercalation method. The results of this study indicate that the additon of 0 gram CMC and 2 ml of sorbitol produce tensile strength values of 7,66 MPa, the best modulus Young is 5,52 MPa. The compressive strength values is lower that is equal to 0,150 kgf, the best elongation value is at the addition of CMC 0,20 gram and sorbitol 5 ml that is equal to 39,44%. The concentration of the CMC addition and sorbitol plasticizer on biodegradable plastic affects physical properties in SEM testing with the additon of 0 gram CMC and sorbitol 2 ml, which results are denser when compared with the addition of 0,40 gram CMC and 5 ml sorbitol. Therefore it can be concluded that this tuber has the potential for further bio plastic production Keywords: CMC; plastik biodegradable; sorbitol; uwi tuber Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dina Wahyu Indriani)

15	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-136
Physical Properties of Dried Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Hot Beauty as a Function of Moisture Content La Choviya Hawa, Rossy Pratiwi Diposari, Musthofa Lutfi Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145 Indonesia Abstract Dried red chili (Capsicum annuum) variety of Hot Beauty from local Malang city, East Java, Indonesia were determined experimentally at various water contents of 12.009, 13.005, 15.012, 17.248, and 19.003% (wet basis) then monitoring was done based on several physical parameters. The parameters included geometrical dimension (length, width, thickness), roundness, mean diameter, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, coefficient of static friction (towards cardboard surface, metal plate, plywood board, and stainless steel), and compressive force. The results showed that geometrical dimension, roundness, mean diameter, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, and coefficient of static friction were linearly increased following the increase of water content. Otherwise, compressive force was decreased following the increase of water contents from 12.009 to 19.003% (wet basis). This can be happened due to high water content causing the increase of internal pressure on cell wall of dry red chili in which this pressure is naturally strengthen the structure of cell wall and make it more rigid. Keywords: dried red chili, water content, physical properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Choviya Hawa)

16	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-137
Drying Cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) at Three Ripeness Stages La Choviya Hawa, Addieny Sugesti, Amirada Nur Laily, Nur Ida Winni Yosika,Yusuf Wibisono, Sandra Malin Sutan Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145 Indonesia Abstract Cabya (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is herbal plant that is widely used as androgenic, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. Preservation of cabya in dry form is mostly carried out in red color only, while green color and orange color are rarely preserved by this method. The aims of present study were to analyze the water content and the drying rate of three different stages of ripeness of cabya, indicated by the color such as green, orange and red, and to analyze the reducing sugar, piperine, and antioxidant content after drying. Drying was conducted using hot air drying method at 70C for 18 hours. Reducing sugar content was analyzed based on Somogyi Nelson method, antioxidant content was analyzed using 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and piperine was analyzed based on SNI 005:2013 method.The results showed that the water content after drying process of green, orange, and red cabya were 1.89, 4.53, and 7.55% after 8.5, 7.5, and 7 hours of processing, respectively. Antioxidant and piperine contents of green, orange, and red cabya were 87.15, 75.26, and 63.38 mg/mL; and 2.42, 1.97 and 1.54%, respectively. Dried red cabya is containing highest water content, fastest drying rate, highest reducing sugar, while piperine and antioxidant content is lower than green and orange cabya. Keywords: cabya, ripeness stages, water content, drying rate, chemical content Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Choviya Hawa)

17	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-144
Quality Control of End Product in Paperboard with MEWMA and MEWMV Control Diagram Method (Case Study PT. Y Kediri Indonesia) A Ihwah, Sucipto, B R Ekatama Department Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract Cardboard is one type of paper that has a grammatic value above 200 g/m2. Cardboard making for fiber packaging and paperboard making process. Controlling the quality of competing products is important to improve product competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to approve paperboard and provide improvements at PT. Surya Pamenang Kediri East Java. The research methods used are MEWMA (Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) and MEWMV (Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Variance). The data used are secondary data with a time span between 2016 and 2018. Observation values are taken from the average of each month in the last 3 years for the 9 variables measured. The nine variables are grammage, thickness, pull resistance, PS surface smoothness, BS surface smoothness, print surface smoothness, oil print, PS color, and BS color. Data were taken for ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230 and ICB 250 cardboard types are different. That is because every month the company does not always produce the four types. On the MEWMV control chart, the types of ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230, and ICB 250 successively have out-of-control points of 19, 10, 6, and 5, while in the MEWMA control, types of ICB 230, ICB 230, ICB 210, WHI 230, and ICB 250 respectively have out-of-control points of 13, 9, 9, and 6. The main causes of product defects are repeated machine configurations and uneven spraying of pulp, and dew dripping over the production machine. In addition, other causes are adhesives and coating materials which are too thick/runny, and materials which are not suitable for production enter the process. Some suggestions for improvement that can be done are placing filters at the entrance of the coating material, and adjusting the temperature of the production machines environment. Keywords: Cause-Effect diagrams, MEWMA, MEWMV, Statistical quality control Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Azimmatul Ihwah)

18	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-147
Optimization Design of Separation Process of Crude Citronella Oil Using Vacuum Fractionation Distillation Pilot Plant Scale Safira Kanza, Sukardi Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Crude citronella oil contains a mixture of components such as a group of hydrocarbon monoterpenes compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes so that it has low economic value and low functional value. To obtain a single component with high purity can be done through chemical and physical properties. Based on physical properties of the constituent components of citronella oil, the boiling points of each component are quite adjacent so that a single component can be separated by the fractionation distillation process. This study aims to determine the optimum condition (temperature, pressure and reflux ratio) of pilot plant scale fractionation column with the capacity of 200kg (height of column: 8m- packed column packing- temperature range 115-118 C and 118-121 C), and compare it with the laboratory scale fractionation column with a capacity of 20kg (height of column: 2m- raschig ring packing- temperature range 115-118 C- and 118-121 C). The best result is given by varying the temperature range of 115-118 C and 118-121 C, pressure range 4000-5333 Pa and reflux ratio 2:1. The result from pilot plant scale is the purity of citronellal is increased 67% and rhodinol 29% from the raw material. Meanwhile, for the laboratory scale, the result is the purity of citronellal is increased 40,17% and rhodinol 23,20% from the raw material. And also, under greater reflux ratio conditions can increase the purity of citronellal and rhodinol compared to conditions without reflux ratio. It can be noted that the pilot plant scale of fractionation distillation is more effective to produce high purity single compounds of citronella oil. Keywords: Citronella oil, single component, separation, fractionation distillation, pilot plant Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Safira Kanza)

19	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-157
SMART PORTABLE PEST REPELLENT USING SOLAR PANEL TO INCREASE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY Riana Nurmalasari, Yoto, Marsono State University of Malang Abstract Almost all regions of Indonesia produce rice every year. This shows that the agricultural sector plays an important role for the economy in Indonesia . But there are still factors that hinder crop yields such as rice pests. This causes the amount and quality of rice harvested to be not as good as expected. One of the solutions to prevent pests is by designing smart portable pest repellent devices using solar panels. The making of this tool is intended to minimize the impact of losses during harvest caused by rats, birds, insects, and other rice pests. This tool utilizes sound frequencies that are environmentally friendly to repel pests and solar energy as a source of energy. This study aims to find out the relationship between the use of smart portable pest repellent with agricultural productivity. This study is a correlational quantitative study and using linear regression analysis . The study population is farmers who are members of farmer groups in Madiun. The data analysis showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the use of smart portable pest repellent on agricultural productivity (R 0.662 and sig. 0,000). Keywords: smart portable pest repellent, solar panel, rice field, productivity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riana Nurmalasari)

20	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-166
Growth, Yield and Radiation Energy Conversion of Sweet potato Plant under Different Stake Angles and Various Mulch Type in the Papua Highlands Alberth Soplanit (a), Merlin K Rumbarar (a) and Nur Edy Suminarti (b) (a) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Papua, Indonesia (b) Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Abstract The aim of this study was to obtain the right type of reflector in sweet potato plant cultivation combined with a stake technique to increase the efficient use of solar radiation energy and plant productivity. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot consisted of Cangkuang variety with 90 degrees stake and Cangkuang variety with 60 degrees stake. The subplots consisted of without mulch, straw mulch, white sand mulch, clear plastic mulch and silver black plastic mulch. The results show that the total dry weight continues to increase, but then slows down when the crop growth rate decreases especially at the tuber development phase. The total dry weight at the silver black plastic mulch treatment with a 60 degrees stick angle increased of 70.13% at the age of 70 to 100 days after planting and only increased of 17.50 % at the age of 100 to 130 days after planting. Conversion efficiency of radiation energy increases for all mulch uses as a reflector, especially for 60 degrees stake angles of 32.03% at the highest tuber yields 34.15 t/ha while for 90 degrees stake angles of 27.35% at the highest tuber yields 29.72 t/ha. Keywords: Stake angle, mulch, sweet potato, cangkuang variety Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alberth Soplanit)

21	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-178
Growth, Yield and Radiation Energy Conversion of Sweet potato Plant under Different Stick Angles and Various Mulch Type in the Papua Highlands 1 Alberth Soplanit 1 Merlin K Rumbarar and 2 Nur Edy Suminarti 1) Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Papua, Indonesia 2) Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Abstract The low solar radiation intensity and the short irradiation duration are limiting factors for the crop rate growth and dry matter production of sweet potato plants in the Papua highlands. The aim of this study was to obtain the right type of reflector in sweet potato cultivation combined with a stick technique to increase the efficient use of solar radiation energy and plant productivity. Crop growth rate, dry matter production, tuber yields, and radiation energy conversion are monitored during the growth period of Cangkuang variety. Field trials were conducted at height of 1.560 masl from November 2016 to April 2017. The experiment was arranged in a Split Plot Design with three replications. The main plot consisted of Cangkuang variety with 90 degree and 60 degree sticks angle. The subplots were consisted of without mulch, straw mulch, white sand mulch, clear plastic mulch and black silver plastic mulch. The result shows increasing total dry weight, but then slows down when the crop growth rate decreases. The total dry weight at the silver black plastic mulch with a 60 degree stick angle increased by 70.13 % at the age of 70 to 100 DAP and only increased by 17.50 % at the age of 100 to 130 DAP. Conversion efficiency of radiation energy increases for all mulch that used as a reflector, especially for 60 degree stick angle by 32.03 % at the highest yields 34.15 t/ha while for 90 degree stick angles by 27.35 % at the highest yields 29.72 t/ha. Keywords: Sweet potato, Stick Angles, Radiation energy, Mulch type, Papua Highland Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Merlin Kornelia Rumbarar)

22	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-187
Monitoring of Fluorescence Characteristic in Tomato Part during Over-ripening Stage Annisa NURULHUDA, Dimas Firmanda AL RIZA , MUHARFIZA, Makoto KURAMOTO , Tetsuhito SUZUKI , Naoshi KONDO Kyoto University Abstract After harvesting, the evaluation of tomato characteristics is essential to decide a correct postharvest handling process, maturity stages, and shelf-life prediction. Recently, fluorescence imaging has been proven to extend the monitoring systems sensitivity after red stages, which is difficult to solve with a conventional imaging system (Konagaya et al. 2019). This sensitivity enhancement of the monitoring system was able to be achieved due to the auto-fluorescence changes of the tomato surface during storage after the red stages (Konagaya et al. 2020). Nevertheless, the auto-fluorescence change of other tomato part has not been discussed well in the previous report. On the other hand, comprehensive monitoring of fluorescence compound changes of tomato tissues from green to red stage has also been reported by Lai et al. (2017). However, no report has been provided on the fluorescence change of various tomato tissues after red stages, which is important since this stage is the critical stage for storage related to quality and shelf life. In this research, tomato tissues have been classified into three parts i.e. skin, flesh, and inner locus liquid. Those three-part have been extracted, and the fluorescence characteristic has been monitored from red-stages to over-ripening. The fluorescence image changes are confirmed during the storages and correlated with the weight loss as a freshness index. The results show that the fluorescence characteristic of tomato skin and flesh is different. The highest fluorescence emission peak for Excitation of 370 nm is 520 nm for the skin and 490 nm for the flesh. Both fluorescence intensity of skin and flesh changed during storage. Although both changes could affect the fluorescence images, confirming the results of Konagaya et al. 2020, the changes of the skin fluorescence are strong enough to be observed with an imaging method. Classification of fresh and spoilage tomato samples using weight loss and images were also conducted using a PLS-DA model with 92% accuracy. These results demonstrate the potential of fluorescence imaging to monitor tomato freshness during storage. Keywords: Tomato, fluorescence, extraction, storage Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Annisa Nurulhuda)

23	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-205
Recent Development of Gluten-Free Bread Quality using Hydrocolloids Lindyca Celine Maima Manik (a*), Mokhamad Nur (a) a) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Abstract The development of gluten-free bread production has drawn massive attention to decrease the number of wheat import in some developing countries and fulfilled the needs of people with celiac and other diseases related to gluten component. Since the gluten component in wheat flours has taken a major role to form an extensible structure in the bread dough, its removal has emerged considerable issues in the gluten-free bread production. Hydrocolloids are a food additive which able to form a gel with water and have demonstrated positive functional properties in the overall quality of gluten-free bread. The impact of hydrocolloid on the dough and final product depends on its chemical structure, concentration, and main ingredients used. This study will explore the effects of hydrocolloids as gluten-replacer that capable to mimic the viscoelastic properties of gluten through enhancing dough viscosity that can lead to the stabilization of different ingredients. Several hydrocolloids that released positive effect in gluten-free bread making are xanthan gum, HPMC, psyllium gum and even mixture of hydrocolloids. Different types of hydrocolloids affect to different mechanisms to stabilize dough foam and final quality of the bread. This paper will focus on the reported applications of hydrocolloids in the development of gluten-free breadmaking and review different mechanisms of hydrocolloids in a way to assist foam formation and stabilization. Keywords: Development, Gluten-free bread, Hydrocolloids Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lindyca Celine Maima Manik)

24	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-227
Performance Evaluation of Cassava Peels Starch-based Edible Coating Incorporated with Chitosan on the Shelf-life of Fresh-cut Pineapples (Ananas comosus) Inggit Kresna Maharsih*, Memik Dian Pusfitasari, Citra Ayu Saraswati Putri, Muhammad Taufiq Hidayat Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Balikpapan, Indonesia *e-mail: ikmaharsih[at]lecturer.itk.ac.id Abstract Postharvest treatment is one of important factors that affected shelf-life of fresh-cut pineapples (Ananas comosus). Pineapples have a short shelf life, that is 2-3 days after harvest without cold storage. Recently, the application of edible coatings is widely used to extend the shelf-life of pineapples. Edible coating can be produced from alginate, starch, chitosan, or aloe vera as the main composition. In this study, it is purposed to prolonged the storability of pineapples using starch-based edible coating combined with chitosan. Starch is obtained from cassava peels because it contains 44-59% of starch. On the other hand, chitosan acts as stabilizer and antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, glycerol is added as plasticizer in order to increase the elasticity of the edible film. The edible coating was prepared using various composition of starch and glycerol (in %w/v), then 1% (w/v) of chitosan dissolved in ascorbic acid was added in the solution. The fresh-cut pineapples were dip-coated into the mixture, subsequently they were stored in refrigerator. Chemical properties of cassava peels starch-based edible coating incorporated with chitosan were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, while its performance was tested in dissolution testing, pH measurement, and organoleptic testing. The result shown that 5 % (w/v) of starch-0.6 ml/gr of glycerol has the longest shelf-life among variables with 58.46% dissolution and pH 3.47 to 4.08 within 14 days. Keywords: cassava peel, chitosan, edible coating, glycerol Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Inggit Kresna Maharsih)

25	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING	ABS-231
Analysis of power requirement of a prototype four-wheeled electric vehicle under different off-road conditions Mohammod Ali1, Sun-Ok Chung1,2*, Md. Nafiul Islam1, Milon Chowdhury2, Kamal Rasool1, Hyun Seok Lee1 1Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 2Department of Smart Agricultural Systems, Graduate School, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea *Corresponding author: Sun-Ok Chung, E-mail: sochung[at]cnu.ac.kr, Voice: +82-42-821-6712 Abstract A variety of vehicles have been used for multifunctional agricultural works. Most of the agricultural vehicles are high-powered and inconvenient for aged and female farmers in difficult farm conditions due to irregularities, slopping roads, and slippery of wheels. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the power requirement of a 4 wheeled electric vehicle (4WEV) according to the different off-road conditions. The experiment was conducted under typical Korean farm roads. The parameters of the vehicle were assessed, considering loading-unloading and sloping conditions. The data were obtained at the 5, 10, and 15 degree slopes condition with 100, 300, and 500 Kg loads. The motor rotational speeds of the electric vehicle were 2000, 2800, and 3400 rpm to determine the torque of the wheels during the experiment. The average maximum required power was recorded 0.84 st.dev. 0.025, and 0.85 st.dev. 0.087 kW at 500 kg load with 15 degree slope, and the minimum power was 0.29 st.dev. 0.023, and 0.31 st.dev. 0.069 kW at the same loading condition without slope at 70 rpm wheel speed on concrete and asphalt road, respectively. Alternatively, 60 rpm and 50 rpm wheel speed showed the maximum and minimum power at the 15 degree and no slope conditions during the experiment. According to the analysis of power requirements, the maximum power was varied with various loads and rotational speeds under the different off-road conditions. The developed electric vehicle produced satisfactory power to run the vehicle without interruptions in various sloped and loaded conditions. Keywords: Electric vehicle, Dryland, Off-road, Sloppy land, Power requirement Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohammod Ali)

26	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY	ABS-2
The Analysis of selecting Renewable Raw Material for the Sustainability of Petrochemical Industry Polyuretan Indonesia Sawarni Hasibuan (a), Hermawan Thaheer (b*) (a) Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta. (b) Computer Science Departement, Universitas Pakuan Bogor. *hermawantaher[at]gmail.com Abstract The petrochemical industry experiences ups and downs in its growth in Indonesia, following the fluctuation in oil and gas prices as its main raw material source. Even though the current position of petroleum prices is still below 65 US $/barrel, the sustainability of raw material availability remains a concern for the polyurethane petrochemical industry. Polyurethane raw material supplier industries, namely isocyanates and polyols are virtually non-existent in Indonesia. Meanwhile, it is interesting to see that nowadays there has been a massive shift in petrochemical raw materials to renewable vegetable oil raw material. The purpose of this study is to analyze selection of renewable raw material to support the polyurethane industry using renewable vegetable oil. The research methodology begins with a literature study relating to the characteristics of polyurethane production and raw materials and the analysis of sustainability indices. The next stage is a field survey to further observe the value chain of the polyurethane industry, observe its relationship with the downstream palm oil industry value chain, so that the integrated value chain of the two industries can be synthesized. The next step is done the making of recommendation at least including of developing sustainable raw materials for the polyurethane petrochemical industry and downstreaming of the Indonesian palm oil industry. Keywords: polyuretan; renewable raw material; sustainability; fuzzy inference Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sawarni Hasibuan)

27	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY	ABS-3
Impact of Covid19 pandemic on agro-industrial of Gayo coffee: preliminary research R Jaya1, R Ardiansyah1, Ishar1, and Yusriana2 1. Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Aceh, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia 2. Department of Agricultural Processing Technology, University of Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. In early 2020, the world was shocked by Corona virus outbreak which becomes as Copid19. To overcome this pandemic, the government has implemented a lockdown policy. This caused all activities were stopped, including Gayo coffee agro-industry. The objective of this paper was to assess an impact Covid19 pandemic on agro-industry of Gayo coffee. The research was undertaken by a survey on activities business of Gayo coffee which involves market system after the harvest season, as a comparison is used business condition before Covid19 pandemic. It was conducted on several agro-industry based on small and medium industries. An overview before pandemic describes that the price of Gayo cherry about IDR. 8.000-12.000/kg and the price of green bean export quality IDR. 60.000-70.000/kg. However, after Covid19 pandemic, all activities in agro-industry at Gayo were stopped due to lockdown policy by the national and local governments. Early May 2020, there was no action by anyone to take this condition. Keywords: Pandemic Covid19, Agro-industrial, Gayo Coffee Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rachman Jaya)

28	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY	ABS-11
Effect of drying pretreatments on the chemical and color properties of Gayam (Inocarpus fagifer) flour V Silviana, S B Anoraga, I Sabarisman Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract Gayam seeds had a high content of carbohydrate, so that can be used as a source of foodstuff or processed into flour. Unfortunately, the processing of gayam seeds into flour can cause browning after peeling. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of drying pretreatments on the chemical and color properties of gayam flour, such as water content, protein content, color lightness, and whiteness index. The processing steps of the gayam flour were peeling, sorting, water blanching (70 and 90℃) for 10 minutes with variation of citric acid addition (0% and 1% w/v), slicing, and drying at 70℃ for 3 hours. The results showed that the higher the blanching temperature, the lower the water content of gayam flour. The interaction effects of the blanching temperature and the citric acid addition on the protein content, color lightness, and whiteness index of gayam flour were significant. In color lightness and whiteness index, the blanching temperature at 90℃ was better than the others. Keywords: blanching, browning, citric acid, gayam flour, whiteness index Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iman Sabarisman)

29	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY	ABS-13
Packaging development for fresh avocado (Persea americana) using quality function deployment method A I D Larasati, S B Anoraga, M A F Falah, A H Laksono, L A Padantya, L A Windiputri, I Sabarisman Department of Bioresources Technology and Veterinary, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract Avocado is a favourite tropical fruit that has many benefits. However, the packaging of fresh avocados has not been able to protect the fruit from physical injury and the lack of information obtained by consumers. The aim of this study was to develop avocado packaging that is good and appropriate according to consumer need. The method used was the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach. The QFD method includes the stage of collecting voice of the customer, creating House of Quality (HoQ), and the stage of analysis and evaluation. The results indicated that attributes required by the costumers include fruit size, information completeness, perforation, design, shape, and material of packaging. While, the technical responses to be conducted by respondent were i.e. homogeneous fruit size, attractive packaging design, packaging with shapes that match the avocado, packaging that can explain the product in detail, eco-friendly packaging materials and protect from physical damage, and packaging with a circulation hole or perforation. Keywords: avocado, development, fruit, packaging, QFD Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anita Indah Dewi Larasati)

30	AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY	ABS-16
THE IMPROVEMENT OF WHITE PEPPER QUALITY THROUGH FERMENTATION PROCESS BY ACETOBACTER SP. Kirana S. Sasmitaloka*1, Tatang Hidayat1, and Hernani1 Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development Jln. Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Bogor 16114 *Email: kirana.sanggrami[at]gmail.com Abstract White pepper is a potential plantation commodity and has a high economic value. The improvement of white pepper quality has been developed by fermentation method. This research was aimed to study characteristics of white pepper through fermentation by addition of Acetobacter sp. The methodology of the study was consisted of several stages, i.e handling of raw material, fermentation, decorticating, washing, drying and analysis the quality of physical and chemical. The raw material was used in this study from Sukabumi. After threshing, 1.2 kg of pepper was soaked in water mixed with inoculum culture. The treatment consisted of: A) concentration of Acetobacter sp (A1 = 15, A2 = 20, A3 = 25%) and B) soaking duration (B1 = 3, B2 = 5 and B3 = 7 days). The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) of factorial with two replications. The result showed that the best treatment was fermentation for 5 days with the addition of 25% of Acetobacter sp. This condition produced white pepper in fulfill in requirement of SNI standards with piperine content of 1.82%, essential oil content of 2.4% and TPC of 1.25 x 102 CFU/g. Keywords: Acetobacter sp, fermentation, quality, white pepper Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kirana Sanggrami Sasmitaloka)

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