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151	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-287
Analysis of The Marketing Efficiency of Skipjack Fish (Katsuwonus pelamis) In The Flores Sea of South Sulawesi Aris Baso, Hamzah Tahang, Amiluddin, Kasri, and Muhammad Aldair Mukstofa Carda 1) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Hasanuddin University, Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the marketing efficiency of skipjack fish in the Flores Sea of South Sulawesi. This research was carried out in September - December 2021 with due observance of the Covid-19 health protocol. The method of research used is a survey method. The sampling method used is stratified random sampling. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis, marketing margin, marketing cost and marketing efficiency. The results showed that the skipjack fish marketing channel in the Flores Sea, South Sulawesi is efficient with efficiency value of 0.03 for Selayar Islands Regency and 0.02 for Bulukumba Regency, which means that the skipjack marketing channel is efficient because it has a value smaller than one (<1). Keywords: skipjack fish, marketing efficiency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aris Baso)

152	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-62
potential in abuse of subsidized fuel distribution at Karangsong fishing port Rama Aldiansyah, Thomas Nugroho, Akhmad Solihin, Sulistiono IPB University Abstract A fuel is an important factor in the running of fishing efforts up to 50-70% of the total cost of fishing operations. This study aims to estimate the potential loss (loss of benefit) from the distribution of subsidized fuel for fishermen. Data were collected by an interview based on questionnaires and respondents, chosen by the purposive sampling method. Results of the study showed a fuel distribution for fishing boat weighed under 30 GT were dominated by millenium-gillnet, trap, and mini bottom trawl boats, while fishing boat above 30 GT was dominated by gillnet boat. Efforts to deviate from the distribution of fuel identified by baskets for trap fishermen were estimated to get a total loss of IDR 75,010,243, while agents or companies for millennium-gillnet fishermen had a total loss of IDR 161.082.700.000. Based on these conditions, the state and the officers of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Muara Ciasem Fishery Port (of the Karangsong Service Unit) are expected to provide strict supervision and form an institution that replaces the role of middlemen to prevent irregularities in the distribution of subsidized fuel at Fishing Port of Karangsong Keywords: Fishing gear, fuel, fishers, Karangsong Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rama Aldiansyah)

153	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-105
The Contribution of Fisher Women for Household Economy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Southeast (SE) Sulawesi of Indonesia La Ode M. Aslan1*, Sartiah Yusran*2, GNA Wibawa3, Sarini Yusuf4, Rosmawaty4, Irdam Riani4 1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, 93232 Indonesia 2Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 3Department of Statistics, Math and Science Faculty, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari Southeast Sulawesi 93232, Indonesia 4Department of Fisheries Agribusiness, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had many impacts on the economic conditions of fishermen^s families in Indonesia. On the other hand, studies on the contribution of fisher women in supporting their family are still very few. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to analyze the contribution of fisher women in their household economy during the Covid-19 pandemic in Wakatobi district and North Buton district, SE Sulawesi was done. The method used in this research was quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The economic condition of the families of includes age, education and family dependents. The women in this two district are mostly dominated by low level education (graduated from the elementary school). They have the productive age, and still active to carry out income-generating activities. The contribution of fisher women in their household family economy is very significant because during the COVID-19 pandemic, many of their husbands lost their jobs or were unemployed. They are ^real heroes^ for their family by selling the fish and other domestic and social roles, namely cooking, cleaning their houses and caring and/or their children and husbands. Keywords: Fisher women, SE Sulawesi, Covid-19, household Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Ode M Aslan)

154	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-113
Direct use value of Kahayan River for people living in rural and urban villages A Wibowo, ES Lensiyus, N Hidayah, IN Surasana, Nursiah University of Palangka Raya Abstract Kahayan River is one of major rivers in Kalimantan, which is important to the lives of people who live along it. This study aims to calculate direct use value of Kahayan river to the residents of two villages, namely Pahandut Sebrang village in the center of Palangka Raya city and Tanjung Taruna village, located on the countryside of Pulau Pisau Regency. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews to respondents in the two villages that were purposively selected. The value of direct benefits is estimated using market price method. The results show that the Kahayan River provides 6 direct benefits worth Rp.21,345,765,461/year to the residents of Pahandut Seberang village and 4 direct benefits worth Rp.16,357,913,191/year to the residents of Tanjung Taruna village. This study proposes a wise control to unsustainable use by villagers along the river. Keywords: Kahayan River, direct use value, market price, villagers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agung Wibowo)

155	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-134
The seaweed development of Kappaphycus alvarezii in Indonesia after 50 years of farming La Ode M. Aslan1, Manat Rahim2, Rahmad Sofyan Patadjai1 Abdul Rahman Nurdin1, Wa Iba1 1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, 93232 Indonesia 2Department of Economics Science and Development Study, Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia Abstract Seaweed farming in Indonesia has long been running historically for more than 50 years. This commodity is one of the most economically important commodities in Indonesia and significant producer to global market. The production Kappaphycus alvarezii have occupied the first position in the world since 2008. Although Indonesia succeeded to increase the production, in general, the production were a slightly decline in Indonesian seaweed production from 2015. It could be caused by various upstream-downstream problems related to seaweed farming such as spatial planning and cultivation site, availability of good seeds, cultivation methods, harvest to marketing. This is certainly a serious issues that require more attention to do some efforts from all parties (government, businessmen, academia, coastal communities, and media) who contribute in supporting the increase in Indonesian seaweed production. To anticipate future problems in the coming years and to solve the problem of seaweed cultivation, it is necessary to evaluate and identify major issues a&#64256-ecting the commercial seaweeds farming, propose improvement for achieving more productive seaweed farming sustainably, recommend on how to overcome the above-mentioned problems and its policy implications. Keywords: seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, farming, Indonesia Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Ode M Aslan)

156	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-135
Livelihoods strategies of Seaweed Farming Households in North Buton of Indonesia La Ode M Aslan1, M Rahim2, S A A Taridala3, Wa Iba1, Frederik D. Sangkia4 1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 2Department of Economics Science and Development Study, Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 3Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 4Faculty of Fisheries, Muhammadiyah University of Luwuk Banggai, Central Suawesi 94711, Indonesia Abstract The main objective of this study is to identify livelihood strategies of seaweed farming households in response to farming activities within the Kulisusu Bay, North Buton, Indonesia. A formal household survey was were administered to the households in the bay using a structured questionnaire covering the patterns of income from seaweed farming, fishing, and other activities of 62 selected respondents. The identified strategies used by the farmer are farming, fishing and non-farming. The results showed that educational levels, experience in seaweed farming, access to credit and extension services were possibly the major determinants of livelihood strategies. Policy implications for the farmers include the need for more public extension services and training to support farming households^ income. Keywords: livelihood, strategies, seaweed, North Buton Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Ode M Aslan)

157	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-150
CANTRANG FISHERIES ON THE NORTH COAST OF JAVA: Socio Economic Impacts and Policy Intervention Achmad Zamroni 1. Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan-KKP 2. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) Abstract Indonesia has a long way to go in dealing with the problem of trawling fisheries in Indonesian territorial waters, especially on the north coast of Java. Various strategies and policies have been produced to maintain the preservation of resources. Still, repeatedly the results are not as expected until a decisive step is taken with the exit-regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 of 2015. The study aims to illustrate the development of trawling fishing gear in the waters of the north coast of Java, analyze the problems and socio-economic impacts of policy interventions, and identify adaptation strategies for livelihood sustainability. In 2015, primary data was collected using a questionnaire to collect qualitative and robust data by interviewing cantrang fishermen in four districts in Central Java. Furthermore, secondary data is used to update the development of cantrang fisheries until 2021. The data were analyzed with descriptive content analysis and cost-benefit analysis. The results showed that the accumulation of cantrang use has caused pressure to capture fishery resources, which is indicated by the catch rate of cantrang tends to decrease from year to year. Owner fishermen at all research sites are in the category of ^severely affected^. The crew (ABK) and the captain are in the ^medium^ category. Processing/UPI is in ^moderate^ to ^severe^ impact degrees. There are three main steps to deal with the problem of cantrang in central Java, namely 1) replacing cantrang fishing gear with more environmentally-friendly fishing gear, namely the basic gill nets, trammel nets, fish trap called a bubu, tendril fishing rods and basic swamp fishing rods. 2) modify the ex-cantrang vessel by changing the function of ^Axle - towing^, which is adjusted to the function of its replacement fishing gear, 3) operational arrangement of cantrang fishing gear according to the size (gross tonnage) of the ship followed by training for the use of new fishing g Keywords: Cantrang- North-Java- Policy Intervention- Socio-economics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Zamroni)

158	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-151
Presidential regulation No.44 of 2016: to conditions of capital and fisheries investement and sustainability of resources in Archipelagic State MIra, Tiikirino Kurniawan, dan BUdi Wardono Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Abstract the purpose of this study is to review the Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 44 of 2016 to the condition of capital and investment in fisheries and Sustainability of Resources in Archipelagic state. Presidential Regulation No.44 of 2016 regulates the business fields that are closed and open to foreign investment in Indonesia. The methodology used in this research is the plot fit curve of investment model and fisheries capital trends. First, the fisheries investment trends in the form of linear equations, logarithms, squares, and exponentials, the curve is fluctuated and dominated by foreign investment. Second, in the fisheries capital trends, in the form of linear equations, logarithms, squares, and exponentials are cyclic, related to the economic age of the ship or the engine of the ship used. Third, capture fisheries and aquaculture productions tend to increase, while fishery processing productions tend to decrease. To overcome this problem, in appendix 3 of the Perpres, it is explained that capture fisheries business must not be from foreign investment. Foreign investment directed to be implemented in aquaculture, especially for the fish processing industry. These can be done by sustainable fisheries management, empowering local communities, and increasing adding value to the fishery products. For example, since the foreign vessels banned from operating, small bitung fishermen, they could catch 3-6 tunas per day in 2019. In 2014, They had only been caught 1-3 tuna per day. Keywords: Investment, Capital, Regulation, Sustainability, Resources Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mira Mira)

159	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-165
Analysis of Potential Economic Value of Catfish Cultivation Waste as Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Benteng Somba Opu Village Barombong District Gowa Regency Benny Audy Jaya Gosari (a*), Aris Baso (a), Amilludin (a), Sri Suro Adhawati (a), Abdul Wahid (a), Salman (b) a) Hasanuddin University Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan 10, Makassar 90425, Indonesia *bennygosari[at]yahoo.co.id b) Fresh Graduated Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Abstract The production of catfish farming every year has increased. In addition to increasing the yield of catfish farming, it also causes an increase in the yield of catfish farming wastewater. The catfish waste water is directly discharged into the environment, it will disrupt the lives of both humans and other organisms. This study aims to determine the amount of macronutrient content of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium from catfish culture waste as liquid organic fertilizer (POC) through a fermentation process at different times. As well as knowing the potential economic value, by determining the cost of production and the selling price of catfish farming waste products as liquid organic fertilizer in Benteng Somba Opu Village, Barombong District, Gowa Regency. This research was carried out for three months, from February to April 2021. The fermentation process used a simple experimental research design method, while the potential economic value used a quantitative descriptive research method. The results of the study on catfish culture wastewater contained N, P and K. Macro nutrient levels of catfish manure containing N (nitrogen) ranged from 0.98 - 1.67%, P (phosphorus) 1.89 - 3.40 % and K (potassium) 0.10-1.03%. Apart from the content of macro-nutrient levels to improve macro-nutrients in the soil, POC also provides additional income for catfish cultivators. HPP based on research results is Rp. 19,000 / liter. Comparison of the price of poc in the market with liquid organic fertilizer that has been fermented by comparing 3 brands of poc on the market with the same size, namely 1 liter. The average profit potential of liquid organic fertilizer from catfish farming waste in a month (30 days) is Rp. Rp. 782.330,, / Month, where the desired POC selling price ranges from Rp.47,500-Rp.52,000,-. Although the potential is small, it is quite interesting for catfish cultivators to try. This is in line with the increase in the production process of catfish cultivation, so addi Keywords: catfish farming, potential economic value, liquid organic fertilizer, catfish farming waste, additional income Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Benny Audy Jaya Gosari)

160	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-186
Cost-benefit analysis of the marine protected areas in Bintan Island, Indonesia Wahyudin (a*), Jamaluddin Fitrah Alam (b), Dedy Kurniawan (c), Aulia Rahman (d), Umi Muawanah (e), Jumsurizal (f) a) Department of Socio-economic Fisheries, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji *wahyudinps[at]umrah.ac.id b) Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University c) Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji d) Marine and Fisheries Institute of Riau Island Province, Tanjungpinang City, Indonesia e) National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Republic of Indonesia f) Department of Fisheries Product Processing, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji Abstract Coral reef ecosystem is declining around the world due to the anthropogenic and environmental changes. Some program to maintain the productivity of coral reef ecosystem keep promoted by government such as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). MPAs success in restoring fish populations has led to optimism that they could also benefit corals by indirectly reducing threats like overfishing. The present study aims to evaluated the ecosystem services in term of economic value of MPAs in Bintan Island. The field observation carried out at three stations located in MPAs of Bintan Island on July and November 2021. We used the Total Economic Valuation (TEV) approached to estimate the ecosystem services provided by MPAs. For the value of fisheries production were collected by estimated the fish biomass of using the underwater visual census (UVC) and data collected by interviewed with fishermen using the questionnaire. We combined the data form government for MPAs cover areas, then estimated the Non-use value using the benefit transfer method. The result showed that the structure of coral reef was covered by live coral (40.17%), death coral (33.92%), and other (25.91%). The coral reef condition in Bintan is good categories with 30-40% of live coral covered and it estimated 9,000 kg/ha of fish production. The economic benefit for fisheries and biodiversity was estimated IDR 4.4 and 13 billion per year. However, in this MPAs, the government and NGO was spending the budget for maintaining and monitoring special program around IDR 500 million in 2021. Based on the bioecological value, the benefit provided by the MPAs is higher than cost in term of the spending cost for manage the MPAs in Bintan Island. Majority of fisherman agree to protected the coral reef in surrounding their island because they believe that coral reef is important for the sustainability of their livelihood. In addition, the MPAs is enhance of the biodiversity and the most benefit is directly use for human well-be Keywords: Ecosystem services- Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)- Coral Reef- Bintan Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyudin wahyudin)

161	Marine and Fisheries Socio - Economics and Culture (International)	ABS-216
Sustainable Management of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopennaeus vannamei) Aquaculture in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province based on EAA (Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture) Rismawaty Rusdi1, Kasri2, Taryono Kodiran3 1 Department of Aquaculture, UM Parepare 2 Department of Socio-Economic Fisheries, Hasanuddin University 3 Department of Marine and Fisheries Science, IPB University Abstract Sustainable shrimp aquaculture must integrate various factors such as environmental, social and economic as well as various elements in it. FAO has developed the concept of EAA (Ecosystem Approach to Aquaculture) which is an approach to increase the contribution of aquaculture to sustainable development. In Indonesia, this concept was developed by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries become ^Akuakultur Dengan Pendekatan Ekosistem (ADPE)^. Several areas in Indonesia are centers of whiteleg shrimp aquaculture that have developed rapidly, including Barru Regency which is one of the regencies in South Sulawesi which has a large enough potential for whiteleg shrimp aquaculture. This study aim to assessing status of ADPE^s implementation in whiteleg shrimp aquaculture area in Barru Regency as a basic of sustainable management aquaculture. The results of this study indicate that results of ADPE assessment from 2 observation sites are in sufficient/moderate where based on results of GAP analysis between existing conditions and ideal conditions, it is shown that priority of management plans starts from suitability of area with environmental carrying capacity, economic aspects, and synergy of local government work units. Keywords: Aquaculture, Management, Sustainable, Whiteleg shrimp Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kasri Kasri)

162	Marine Ecotourism (International)	ABS-16
Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) Movement Displays in Banda Waters, Maluku Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror, Dwi Yuda Asmara Shark Diving Indonesia - Shark Behavior Department Abstract Shark - human interaction has been evidenced during shark diving activities within marine tourism and it grows progressively in the recent years. As one of the popular attractions for the marine tourism in Indonesia, shark diving plays significant role for the conservation in the eastern part of Indonesia. Banda Sea, as well as Morotai, Derawan, Raja Ampat, Nabire and Teluk Cenderawasih, Bali, Lombok, Komodo, and Gorontalo, is famous for its shark diving attraction. Despite its famous status as a tourism attraction, little is known about the movement behavior of scalloped hammerhead shark during the interaction with Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) diver. The information of shark movement behavior during interaction with SCUBA diver is important for developing ecological assessment, safe diving procedure and ethics, and shark tourism carrying capacity. This research involves Diver Operated Video (DOV) to record the movement patterns of shark while interacting with SCUBA Diver. Hundreds of movement-displays of the Sphyrna lewini has been analyzed during SCUBA diving shows that this shark is having a specific and consistent movement displays while meeting with SCUBA divers. Keywords: Shark movement display, Sphyrna lewini, Banda Sea Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Darmawan Mukharror)

163	Marine Ecotourism (International)	ABS-17
Spot the Blackspot of Whitetip Reefshark (Triaenodon obesus) in Torosiaje Waters, Gorontalo Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror, Dwi Yuda Asmara Shark Diving Indonesia - Shark Behavior Research Department Abstract Conservation efforts, often than not, was a collaborative effort with other activities such as marine tourism to achieve their goals. As a positive side to balance negative image as first rank in the list of country which catches sharks, shark diving tourism plays as an economically important for gross national products (GDPs) for Indonesia. Gorontalo, as one of the prominent whaleshark diving site in Indonesia is currently became popular among divers. However, there are whitetip reef shark living in Gorontalo^s westernmost area, albeit, the numbers and behaviors is largely unknown. The information of shark individual marking and their number is considered as important for developing ecological assessment, carrying capacity, and shark agonistic behavior observation. Diver Operated Video (DOV) is used to identify visually the whitetip reef shark^s black spot marking and its patterns over time. Hundreds of photographs and video of the Triaenodon obesus has been analyzed during Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) diving - on May 2021 - reveals the estimate number of these whitetip reef shark living in the proximity of Torosiaje area Keywords: Individual marking, Triaenodon obesus, Torosiaje Water Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Darmawan Mukharror)

164	Marine Ecotourism (International)	ABS-18
Identification of Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) in near shore Wayag Islands, Raja Ampat Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror, Dwi Yuda Asmara Shark Diving Indonesia - Shark Behavior Research Department Abstract Raja Ampat Islands is well known as one of the best dive sites in Indonesia. Since 1990s, Raja Ampat has been developed as an example of success of marine tourism, conservation and green economy. Covering approximately 1,200,000 hectares and 45% of Raja Ampat^s coral reef and mangroves, a Marine Protected Area has been established since 2007 including Wayag islands. Despite its home for up to 208 different fish species, the number different individuals, sex ratio and its behaviors of blacktip reef fishes in Wayag Island is largely unknown. In order to develop ecological assessment, shark diving carrying capacity, and safe diving procedure and ethics, the identification of blacktip reef shark is a beneficial. In order to identify the different blacktip reef shark^s black spot marking and its patterns visually, Diver Operated Video (DOV) is practiced. Collection of photographs and video of the Carcharhinus melanopterus has been gathered during skin diving - on January 2022 - to reveal the different of each individual of reef black tip reef shark living in the one of Wayag Island shore Keywords: Wayag Islands, blacktip reef shark, individual marking Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Darmawan Mukharror)

165	Marine Ecotourism (International)	ABS-108
Marine Ecotourism Sustainability in Komodo National Park: A Social Ecological System Approach Ahmad Bahar1*, Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin2, Amran Saru3 Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to assess the sustainability of marine ecotourism activities in Komodo National Park, West Manggarai Regency. The research was conducted from June to August 2021. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. Primary data were taken using a questionnaire containing subjective parameters, such as: taxes, permits, community participation in marine ecotourism, goverment policies related to marine ecotourism, income, labour. Secondary data retrieved by a search of relevant scientific literature and relevant technical agencies in West Manggarai Regency. The sustainability of the ecotourism was analysed using a multivariate or multidimensional scaling (MDS) method. A Sustainability index using four scales commonly used index, as state by Gyou Ko in 2005 was also applied. The result of this study is a score of 60.5 indicating that the sustainability status of marine ecotourism in Komodo National Park in terms of integration between government-private-local communities is a potentially sustainable category. Keywords: ecotourism, marine, sustainability, stakeholder, Komodo National Park Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ahmad Bahar)

166	Marine Ecotourism (International)	ABS-131
Community Perception of Mangrove Ecotourism In Cilebar and Tempuran Sub-Districts, Karawang Regency Luthfiyyah Dzakiyyah Wopa, Tjiong Giok Pin, Nurul Sri Rahatiningtyas, Yosmaniar 1Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia 2Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension. Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Abstract Mangrove ecosystems in Cilebar and Tempura sub-districts, Karawang regency have a fairly extensive mangrove forest with various ecology and economy functions based on conservation. Mangrove ecotourism can be utilized as a local natural potential by being managed by the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze community perceptions of mangrove ecotourism forests in Cilebar District are scattered in Pusakajaya Utara and Mekarpohaci villages, while Tempuran sub-districts are scattered in Tanjungjaya and Sumberjaya villages. Data was collected through field surveys and interviews using questionnaires. The analysis used in this research is spatial and descriptive. The results showed that Cilebar and Tempuran Sub-districts have 2 classifications of public perceptions of mangrove ecotourism. The community perception is very good in the Pusakajaya Utara and Sumberjaya villages- while the public perception is good in Mekarpohaci and Tanjungjaya villages. Community perceptions of the existence, problems, functions, benefits, and conservation of mangrove ecotourism can contribute in the form of local community participation to manage mangrove ecosystems. Keywords: Ecotourism, Mangroves, Community Perception, Potential Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Luthfiyyah Dzakiyyah Wopa)

167	Marine Ecotourism (International)	ABS-198
Development of local community-based turtle ecotourism in Lowita Beach, Pindrang Regency Abdul Wahid (a*), Andi Amri (a),Andi Adri Arief (a), Mardiana Ethrawaty Fachry (a), Benny Audy Jaya Gosari (a), Aswin (b), Nuraeni(b) Hasanuddin University Abstract The tourism sector with the concept of ecotourism can be a solution to overcome socio-economic and ecological gaps in coastal areas. Lowita Beach, Pindrang Regency is one of the ecotourism potentials with turtle resources as the main object supported by an attractive coastal landscape. This study aims to examine the potential of turtles on Lowita beach, determine stakeholder participation in the development of turtle ecotourism, and formulate a strategy for developing local community-based turtle ecotourism in Lowita Beach, Pindrang Regency. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. The results of this study identified types of turtles in Lowika Beach, namely the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate), and the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). Stakeholder participation in the development of turtle ecotourism in Lowita Beach with an integrated policy to support turtle ecotourism in Lowita Beach. The strategy for developing turtle ecotourism includes improvements, the addition of supporting facilities for tourism activities, and the direction of more organized turtle tourism activities. Then increase supervision on activities that damage turtle habitat, and conduct socialization with tourists and local communities about the importance of protecting turtles. Keywords: Turtle, tourist, ecotourism, Lowita Beach Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Benny Audy Jaya Gosari)

168	Natural Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation (International)	ABS-246
Economic Feasibility Analysis of Macroalgae Farming-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal Firman Zulpikar (a*) Tri Handayani (a), Jeverson Renyaan (a), Hafiizh Prasetia (b), Muhammad Safaat (b), Ary Mauliva Hada Putri (b) a) Research Center for Oceanography, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) * firman.zulpikar[at]brin.go.id b) Research Center for Chemistry, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Abstract Macroalgae is one of Indonesia^s leading marine commodities that may be used as carbon sinks in climate mitigation programs. The success of large-scale CO2 emission reduction based on macroalgae cultivation will depend on several aspects, including economic feasibility. This study uses a business analysis approach to determine the feasibility of this concept in the future. Two types of macroalgae, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria sp. cultivated in Serang Banten, were used to compare the investment costs, production, and estimates of the total carbon absorbed in a certain period. Data was collected through interviews with macroalgae farmers and secondary data analysis. The results showed that the investment cost for Kappaphycus alvarezii was Rp. 28.25 million/ha/year, while Gracilaria sp. is lower at about Rp. 16.6 million/ha/year, with macroalgae biomass production reaching 8.3 tons/ha/year and 6.0 tons/ha/year respectively. Referring to the average macroalgae carbon content of 30%, the potential for carbon absorption through the cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria sp. is estimated at 2.49 tons C/ha/year and 1.8 tons C/ha/year. The investment cost of reducing emissions by cultivating macroalgae ranges from Rp. 2.5-3.0 million/ton CO2/year. This value is relatively lower than the estimated average cost of reducing emissions using macroalgae in Indonesia and the Philippines, which is about Rp.7.6 million/ton CO2/year. This study provides a preliminary estimate of the investment cost and capacity of macroalgae farming-based carbon removal that can be considered in future carbon financing. Keywords: Macroalgae, investment, CDR, climate mitigation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Firman Zulpikar)

169	Natural Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation (International)	ABS-247
Strategies to Improve Management of Indonesia^s Blue Carbon Seagrass Habitats in Marine Protected Areas Husen Rifai1*, Udhi E. Hernawan1, Firman Zulpikar1, Calvyn F.A. Sondakh2, Rohani Ambo-Rappe3, Nurul D.M. Sjafrie1, Andri Irawan6,7, Hadi Y. Dewanto4, Yusmiana P. Rahayu5,8, Jeverson Reenyan1, Muhammad Safaat11, La ode Alifatri1, Susi Rahmawati1, Amehr Hakim4, Andi Rusandi4, Wawan Kiswara9, Mintje Wawo10 1 Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia 3 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 4 Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of The Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta, Indonesia 5 Marine Research Center, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia 6 Research Center for Deep Sea, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Y. Syaranamual, Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia 7 Environmental and Conservation Studies, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 8 School of Biological Sciences and The UWA Ocean Institutes, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling highway, Crawley, Western Australia. 9 LAMINA, Indonesian Seagrass Foundation, Depok, Indonesia. 10 Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia. 11 Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia Abstract Indonesia^s seagrass habitats play an important role in the fight against climate change since they store a significant portion of the world^s blue carbon. Despite progress in conservation efforts and increasing number of Indonesia^s marine protected areas (MPAs), these habitats are generally still under multitude of pressures leading to declining condition. Thus, there is a growing need to improve the conservation management of seagrass habitats, especially within MPAs in Indonesia. Here, we identify five challenges on managing seagrass meadows in Indonesia^s MPAs: (1) Achieving societal awareness on the importance of seagrasses in Indonesia^ MPAs- (2) Achieving fair recognition from the management authority of Indonesia^s MPAs- (3) Obtaining political initiatives related to laws and regulations on seagrass management- (4) Providing empirical data on seagrass habitats at national level repeated over time- and (5) Enhancing capacity to conduct community-based management of seagrasses. Then, we propose a series of solutions to solve these challenges. We believe that all stakeholders need to work collaboratively to secure the future of Indonesia^s seagrass habitats and maintain their capacity to deliver significant ecosystem services. Keywords: Indonesia, seagrasses, MPAs, management, coastal ecosystemS, conservation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Husen Rifai)

170	Oceanography (International)	ABS-11
Low-cost investigation of wave dynamics across low energy reef environments Johan Risandi1, Tubagus Solihuddin1, Tery L Kepel1, August Daulat1, Aida Heriati1, Eva Mustikasari1, Rahman Hidayat2-3 1. Marine Research Center, Jakarta Indonesia 2. Assistant Deputy for Basic, Urban, and Water Resources Infrastructure, Deputy for Infrastructure and Transportation Coordination, Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment- 3. On leave from : Research Center of Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract The interaction between offshore waves and complex reef bottom profiles determines the hydrodynamic processes within the reef beaches, for instance, Sea-Swell (SS) wave dissipation, Infragravity (IG) wave generation as well as wave-induced currents and setups. These hydrodynamics phenomena are important to several ecological processes and control the associated shoreline erosion and flooding. Hence, a good understanding of the dynamics is needed that wave observations in shallow water are challenging and expensive otherwise. Here we present a short term (12 hours) investigation of non-directional spectral waves using a series of HOBO pressure sensors. Six pressure sensors were deployed at 3 locations along the fringing reefs of Tunda Island, Banten Province - Indonesia. The wave spectra were estimated from the surface water fluctuations using linear wave theory for each hourly burst data. During observation, the Tunda waters were calm with significant wave heights were less than 10 cm with peak wave periods of ~12 s at all sites. Despite the short period measurement due to memory issue, the result demonstrated the ability of HOBO pressure sensors to measure nondirectional wave spectra at shallow water. Keywords: Wave dynamics, HOBO pressure sensors, reef beach, Tunda Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Johan Risandi)

171	Oceanography (International)	ABS-276
Modeling of Flow Patterns and Sediment Transport in the Malili River Estuary East Luwu Regency Mahatma Lanuru, Amir Hamzah Muhiddin, Mustono Department of Marine Science Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries Hasanuddin University Indonesia Abstract The river estuary of Malili is one of the estuarine waters that flow directly into the sea waters of Bone Bay. The interaction between water flow from rivers and tidal currents from the sea affects the hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes at the river estuary of Malili. Sedimentation in the river estuary is relatively high and large enough to cause siltation. As a result, the ship^s channel is sometimes blocked so port managers carry out dredging in part of the estuary. According to the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment No. 5 of 2012, Dredging activities have the potential to impact the hydrological and ecological systems at that location, such as increasing turbidity and sedimentation that can have far-reaching impacts on the sea. Therefore, it is necessary to model current patterns and sediment transport to see the extent of the hydrological effects. The research method used is to create a current pattern model and a sediment transport model. Current circulation pattern modeling is carried out using a model processing application by entering bathymetry data, shoreline/river line, tides, and river water discharge at the study location. The results of the current hydrodynamic model will be the basis for making sediment transport models. The current measurement results show that the speed and direction of the current varied with time in the range of 0.028 - 0.578 m/s. The current pattern model shows that when the water recedes, the highest current velocity reaches 0.578 meters/second with the dominant current direction to the southwest due to the influence of river discharge that has flowed towards the estuary. Meanwhile, at high tide, the highest speed reaches 0.238 m/s with the dominant current direction to the northeast. The results of sediment transport modeling show that the distribution of sediment downstream is influenced by high tides, thereby reducing sediment concentration when it goes to the river mouth. However, with the flow of river Keywords: sediment, river estuary, transport, water flow, modelling, oceanography, Malili Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahatma Lanuru)

172	Oceanography (International)	ABS-277
The comparison between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Surface Chlorophyll during Southeast Monsoon in the Makassar Strait (Case study: ENSO - IOD events) W. Samad (a*), M. A. Hamzah Assegaf (b) a)Department of Marine Science, UNHAS *) acilws[at]gmail.com b)Department of Geophysics, UNHAS Abstract Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the physical properties of sea surface conditions that are significantly affected by the impact of air-sea interactions, particularly in the Makassar Strait waters. SST variation during ENSO and IOD periods is not only influenced by southeast monsoonal winds but also by El Nino and La Nina periods due to an impact of wind dynamics over the Pacific and the Indian Ocean in the Makassar Strait. The comparison analysis that seasonal variation of SST and chlorophyll concentration showed a difference in the developing phase between SST and chlorophyll on the surface during June-July-August (JJA). This seasonal variation is clearly evident in the correlation analysis between SST and surface chlorophyll concentration during the southeast monsoon. Further analysis shows that the southern part of Makassar Strait is likely the occurrence of upwelling characterized by an increase in the distribution of chlorophyll concentration which can be identified as one of the potentials for the fishing ground in Makassar Strait. Keywords: SST, chlorophyll, seasonal variation, ENSO, IOD Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wasir Samad)

173	Oceanography (International)	ABS-26
OSEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN THE APPLICATION OF GREEN MUSSEL (Perna viridis) CULTIVATION USING MULTILEVEL PLASTIC BASKET METHOD IN THE WATERS OF SALEMO ISLAND, PANGKEP REGENCY, INDONESIA Muhammad Farid Samawi (a*), Abd. Rasyid J.(a), Shinta Werorilangi (a) a)Department of Marine Science, Hasanuddin University * farids.unhas[at]gmail.com Abstract Cultivation of green mussels (Perna viridis) using multilevel plastic baskets has been carried out in the waters of Salemo Island, Pangkep Regency, Indonesia. The research treatment was placement on the surface and bottom of the waters (depth of five meters) with different stocking densities. Measurement of oceanographic parameters was carried out three times during cultivation within 3 months, namely temperature, turbidity, TSS, salinity, pH, DO, TOM, nutrients and heavy metals as well as composition and abundance of plankton. Measurements of absolute growth and survival and quality of mussels were also carried out. The results showed that the conditions of oceanographic parameters and dynamics of plankton as food were in a condition that supported the life and growth of green mussels. Absolute growth of biomass and survival of green mussels did not differ between surface and bottom locations. There was an increase in the weight of green mussels of more than 100% of the initial weight with quality according to consumption standards. Keywords: oceanography, plankton, green mussels, multilevel basket, growth, survival rate Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Farid Samawi)

174	Oceanography (International)	ABS-42
Coral reef health and the distribution of soft coral abundance in Banten Bay Muhammad Haris Ramadhan Permana1, Beginer Subhan1, Dondy Arafat1, Sulistiono2, Fredinan Yulianda2 1) Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 2) Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, 16680 Abstract Banten Bay has several islands which also have coral reefs around them. Some of them are Panjang Island, Lima Island and Pamujan Besar Island. These island are also a tourist destination for the people around the Banten Bay. This study was carried out from October 2021-March 2022 at 9 observation points spread across the three islands. This study aims to determine the health of coral reefs and the distribution of soft coral abundance in the three islands. Coral reef data was taken through diving at the depth where coral reefs were first discovered at each station, using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The observation line transect was stretched parallel to the shoreline for a length of 50 m. The data in the form of photos were taken using a square transect (58 cm x 44 cm) which was placed alternately in each meter. Based on the observation, the presences of soft coral found at Stations 1-8 were 0.21%, 0.99%, 0.70%, 13.89%,7.61%, 16,80%, 5,78%, and 4,62%, .respectively. Soft coral reefs were found at 8 stations, and it was not found at one station. Fairly large value of abundance was found at Station 4 (north of Panjang Island) and Station 6 (south of Pamujan Besar Island), while small value of abundances were found at Station 1 (south-east of Panjang Island), Station 3 (west of Panjang Island) dan Station 2 (south of Panjang Island). Based on KEPMEN LH No. 4 of 2001, the coral reefs around Pulau Panjang are categorized as bad (unhealthy) and medium (unhealthy). Keywords: Soft coral, abundance, Panjang Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Haris Ramadhan Permana)

175	Oceanography (International)	ABS-153
Assessing the design of marine protected areas in the Wakatobi National Park (Indonesia) from coral connectivity networks Irfana Diah Faryuni (a, b), Widsyastuti Umar(c), Jamaluddin Jompa(c), Emmanuel Hanert(a) a) UCLouvain b) Tanjungpura University c) Hasanuddin University Abstract The Wakatobi National Park (WNP) is part of the Coral Triangle and one of the most biodiverse marine habitats on earth. Its ecosystem has however been endangered in recent decades by anthropogenic stressors. The Government of Indonesia (GoI0 has therefore established over 2% of the WNP marine areas as marine protected zones. Still, the question is whether or not they effectively support the coral resilience against anthropogenic disturbances. This study aims to fill in this gap by evaluating the coral connectivity within the WNP and assessing how the marine protected zones in the WNP contribute to the coral resilience on other reefs within the WNP. We modeled the dispersal of two coral species (Acropora millepora and Acropora gemmifera) during spawning events in 2014 to 2021, using the Second generation Louvain La Neuve Ice Ocean Model (SLIM) high resolution ocean model. We then analyzed the coral connectivity matrices using Googles PageRank algorithm to identify the sub reef communities that act as the main sources and the main sinks and the sub-reef communities best suited for protection and restoration. We found that the existing marine protected zones have yet to cover the sub communities with the highest protection index (top 25%). We also found that the current restoration site is not a significant larvae supplier to its adjacent reefs. Based on the coral connectivity network, we propose some reefs to be prioritized for maximizing conservation and restoration programs in the WNP. Keywords: Wakatobi, coral connectivity, biophysical modelling, marine management Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irfana Diah Faryuni)

176	Oceanography (International)	ABS-190
Dynamics of the carbonate system in the Indonesian Seas Faisal Hamzah (1,2 *) & Minhan Dai (2) (a) Institute for Information Management of Marine and Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Bali, 82251, Indonesia faisalhamzah[at]kkp.go.id (b) State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China Abstract Located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the Indonesian Seas (IS) are the gateway where occurs the largest movement of water on the Earth- known as the Indonesian throughflow (ITF). However, the biogeochemistry of the Indonesian Seas and the material exchanges substances (e.g., carbonate system) carried by the ITF remain poorly understood. By using a comprehensive observation-based dataset, we examine the dynamics of the carbonate system in the Indonesian Seas. Western IS is characterized by relatively homogeneous distributions of salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TAlk) due to well-mixed waters and river plumes. Physical processes and air-sea gas exchange exerted predominant controls on the carbonate system in the shallow region, while a net DIC removal was observed in the channel between the shallow and deep ocean. Furthermore, along the main route of ITF, surface distributions of DIC and TAlk were low in the main inflow than in the main outflow passage. Salinity-normalized DIC was relatively higher in the mixing regions along the western and eastern routes suggesting on site-regenerations. The ITF carries a net DIC flux with its largest located in the upper 300 m. Using an isopycnal mixing model, we further estimated the contribution from the western Pacific to the net carbon inventory of the western route, suggesting that the net DIC supply to the region is minimal and that local processes such as upwelling and vertical mixing may play an essential role in determining DIC inventory in the Makassar Strait-Lombok Strait. Our findings help disentangle the complex effect of topography settings and physical-biogeochemical interactions on ocean carbon biogeochemistry which have important regional and global implications. Keywords: Indonesian Seas- Indonesian throughflow- Carbonate System- Physical mixing- Biological Consumption- Transport- Monsoon Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Faisal Hamzah)

177	Oceanography (International)	ABS-232
Variability of Ocean Primary Productivity and Zooplankton Biomass Based on Ecosystem Model Over Natuna Sea and its Correlation with Climate Factors Muhammad Firman Nuruddin, Nafissa Adyan Fekranie, Tahnia Hafizha Tresnoadi, Parikesit Nurul Azmi, Sunarto Intitut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Natuna sea, one of the productive fisheries area, produce at least 1.2 million tons of fish per year, is threatened by the dynamics of climate. The ocean productivity in this area is affected by annual climate variabilities which are monsoon and inter-annual phenomena (El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)). Marine phytoplankton and zooplankton respond quickly to climate related disturbances with complex spectra, seeking to identify the main causes of confused and observed changes. This study aimed to determine the impact of climate variability on the ocean productivity- net primary productivity and zooplankton biomass, in Natuna Sea. This study used daily Ocean Productivity Data during 1998 to 2018 from NEMO PISCESv2 model with spatial resolution 0.0083 x 0.0083, provided by Copernicus Marine Service Information. Cross correlation and wavelet transform coherence methods were used to analyze the change of ocean productivity and determine which climate factors that more dominant in Natuna Sea. As result, the number of NPP monthly average for 20 years in Natuna Sea was in range 267.73 to 563.24 mgC.m^-2.day^-1, while the zooplankton biomass was in range 131.29 to 315.72 mgC.m^-2. Besides, the peak value of NPP and Zooplankton biomass happened during the east monsoon with the average 504.88 mgC.m^-2.day^-1 and 282.26 mgC.m^-2, while the lowest was during the transitional 1 monsoon with the average 307.17 mgC.m^-2.day^-1 and 138.71 mgC.m^-2 respectively. The cross-correlation analysis between inter-annual phenomena and the ocean productivity shown that the variability of ocean productivity in Natuna Sea during 1998-2018 was more influenced by the ENSO rather than IOD with the lag time 0 and 1 months for ONI-NPP and ONI-Zooplankton. Meanwhile, the lag time between IOD phenomena with the variability of NPP and zooplankton biomass was 2 and 1 months, respectively. Keywords: IOD, ENSO, Monsoon, NPP, zooplankton Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Firman Nuruddin)

178	Oceanography (International)	ABS-253
Trapped Sediment in Seagrass Ecosystem: Bintan Island Dewi Surinati (a), Ulung J Wisha (b), Ahmad Bayhaqi (a*), Hanif B Prayitno (a), Susi Rahmawati (a) a) Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia *ahmadbayhaqims[at]gmail.com b) Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia Abstract This study attempts to figure out the physical characteristic of water in the surrounding Bintan Island and considers the role of seagrass ecosystem in trapping the sediment transport using model simulation. Field observation was conducted during first transitional monsoon to collect the ocean current data and total suspended solid (TSS) at the observation stations (Pengudang, Teluk Bakau, and Madong). Flow model is employed to simulate the hydrodynamic and sediment transport. Based on the simulation result, the existence of seagrass meadows in Pengudang and Madong areas could significantly trap the sediment and induce sedimentation. Sediment transport in all stations would gradually decrease with around 15 % per year over the period of 2019-2023. This prediction of sediment transport was applied without any further changes in water condition in Bintan Island, so that different result could be potentially gained according to many factors influencing the movement of sediment. Keywords: coastal zone, seagrass, trapped sediment, Bintan Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Surinati)

179	Oseanografi (National)	ABS-226
Estimation of Upwelling Intensity in the Bali Strait from Remote Sensing Data Adi Wijaya1, *, Eko Susilo1, Bayu Priyono1, Teguh Agustiadi1, Abu Bakar Sambah2, Umi Zakiyah2, Daduk Setyohadi2 1 Researcher, Balai Pengelolaan Informasi Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan, Ministry of Marine Affair and Fisheries, Jalan Seacorm, Jembrana, Bali. 2 Lecturer of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran No.1 Malang, East Java Abstract Spatial and temporal variations in the estimation of upwelling intensity in the Bali Strait were studied using remote sensing data. Observation time from March 2000 to October 2020. This study estimates the intensity of upwelling in the Bali Strait in the east monsoon related to the inter-annual cycle. Sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration were used to estimate the upwelling intensity. The results of this study indicate that the upwelling intensity is controlled by climate phenomena ENSO and IOD. In the positive IOD and El Nina periods the upwelling strength in the Bali Strait increased and in the negative IOD and La Nina periods the strength decreased. Keywords: Bali Strait, ENSO, IOD, Intensity, Upwelling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adi Wijaya)

180	Penangkapan Ikan Berkelanjutan (National)	ABS-272
CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL OPERATING OF DEEP SEA FOLDING TRAPS FOR CATCHING SHRIMP AND LOSBSTER Andi Assir Marimba Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Fish Trap is a fishing gear that can be used to catch various animals that live in the sea and one of them is a crustacean. Crustacean species that have important economic value that are widely managed are Penaeid shrimp (Penaeus sp) and lobster (Panulirus sp). In addition, blue crab (Portunus pelagicus) also the prima donna of Indonesia^s non-oil and gas exports. Meanwhile, deep sea prawns (Heterocarpus sp) are rarely utilizad because to catch them requires a fishing gear that is currently prohibited, namely trawling. Therefore, to be able to replace the function of trawling in capturing demersal biota, the use of deep sea traps was tested. The deep sea traps must have large dimensions in order to be able to catch large quantities of shrimp which are sufficient to cover operational costs, but the large dimensions will create transportation problems due to limited space on board. Therefore this trap is constructed to be folded so that its dimensions become smaller. Another problem encountered in operating at the bottom of deep waters is that the currents of sea water are quite strong which will make the traps with a large weight difficult to lift to the surface of the water. This problem can be overcome by using a floating trap operating technique on a bottom trap that has been tested in the waters of Pajenekang Island and Selayar Islands and has been successful. Keywords: deep sea folding traps, trawl, floating traps, Crustaceans, Pajenekang Island, Selayar Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wilma Moka)

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