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151	Climate Change	ABS-140
Climate Change Mitigation through Strengthening of Waste Banks Role and 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Application in Urban Areas Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Umi barokah, Wiwit Rahayu, Darsono, Sri Marwanti, Minar Ferichani, Susi Wuri Ani, Dewi Nawang Suprihatin Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract Waste problems and climate change that are not properly anticipated can result in flooding, dirty environment and poor public health. A good life will emerge when there is harmony with the environment, but some people have not realized the importance of harmony with nature and the environment, including urban communities. Big cities in Indonesia are the biggest waste contributors. Various efforts have been made, such as optimizing the role of waste banks and strengthening the application of 3R model (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of waste bank and 3R implementation to the climate change. This study used a descriptive method with in-depth interviews with waste bank managers and some people in the city of Surakarta. The results show that waste banks and 3R application can be an alternative to addressing waste problems as well as mitigating climate change. Waste banks and implementing 3R play an important role in reducing waste and carbon gas emissions. As a result, it can reduce temperature extremes. Good waste management will also improve environmental quality and reduce the risk of flooding due to the smooth flow of water without being clogged with garbage. Keywords: waste, climate change, environment, mitigation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ernoiz Antriyandarti)

152	Climate Change	ABS-153
Ochratoxin A (OTA) Contamination Detection by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Prima Mei Widiyanti and Romsyah Maryam National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Abstract Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate with high temperatures, rainfall, and humidity, which are conducive to the growth of fungi in various agricultural commodities, food and feed. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the result of secondary metabolites from the toxigenic fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA is carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and it can cause health problems. OTA can be detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA method has more advantages than other methods, because it can detect samples quickly, easily, economically, specifically, and sensitively. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in samples by ELISA. The results of this study showed that OTA contamination in 50 samples were 92%, with an average value of 6.18 ppb. The levels of OTA contamination in samples were below the regulation. Keywords: Ochratoxin, Tropical climate, Contamination, Detection, ELISA. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Prima Mei Widiyanti)

153	Climate Change	ABS-156
Between Policy and Local Wisdom on Management Forest Resources for Climate Change Mitigation ^A Case Study of the Landscape of Puna Kab. Poso^ A. Rauf*, Yosi, Intan, Salma, Given and Andika Tadulako University Abstract This study is intended to examine government policies and local wisdom as well their linkages to the management of forest resources to mitigate change climate. The results of the study found that there were government policies regarding the status of areas such as Decree Number 869 of 2014 concerning the determination of forest areas in Central Sulawesi Province. This policy lowers the status of the area and releases forest areas. This policy is a response to meet the need for good land for development purposes as well as for businesses. This policy has the potential to reduce the area covered natural forest so that it does not only cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the sector forestry but more than that reduces the potential for absorption of GHG emissions. This means this policy can be considered contradictory to policies to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest and land degradation. The other side of local wisdom in the management of land resources in groups known as mapalus while the utilization of the area divided into three forms, namely yopo (forest), bonde (garden) and lipu (settlement). Consistency management of the bonde area with a cycle rotation system of > 10 years but now the cyclebe short or less than 10 years. Responding to the interrelationship of policies and archives local environment and its impact on climate change as a potential mitigation action is prioritizing the use of open land & shrubs, through development of social forestry in the area and increased productivity in the area another use. Both of these can adopt an agroforestry system with an umbrella policies on the climate village program (ProKlim), the aim is not only diversification production but in the future tree vegetation will form and increase community adaptation capacity to climate change. Keywords: Local wisdom, Climate Change Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Rauf)

154	Climate Change	ABS-169
Evaluation of the Revision of Spatial Planning for Flood and Drought due to Land and Climate Changes in Soppeng Regency Munajat Nursaputra (a,b*), Roland A. Barkey(a), Achmad Setiawan(c), Widian Fitrawulan Darwis(d), Syamsu Rijal(a), Chairil A(a), Siti Halimah Larekeng(b,e), Nasri(b,f), A Siady Hamzah(b,f), Sri Rahayu Ayuba(g) a) Forestry Planning and Information System Laboratory, Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University *munajatnursaputra[at]unhas.ac.id b) Biodiversity Research Group, Hasanuddin University c) State Agricultural Polytechnic of Pangkep d) Public Works and Spatial Planning Office in Soppeng Regency e) Forest Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University f) Forest Conservation Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University g) Geography Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Muhammadiyah University of Gorontalo Abstract The follow-up to reviewing the Regional Spatial Planning in Soppeng Regency indicated that the spatial planning could have been better, so an improvement process was carried out. Changes in spatial use and disaster vulnerability are factors in the need to rearrange spatial patterns. The exposure of environmental conditions in Soppeng to hydrometeorological disasters is inseparable from the condition of the area, which is located downstream of several watersheds originating from the surrounding area. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the revision of the Soppeng spatial pattern for flood and drought events due to land and climate change. This research was conducted based on the ecological boundary conditions of the watershed that affected, where the method used was based on several stages, namely: Land use change analysis using LanduseSim software to project land cover changes, Analysis of climate change using Sibias software to project rainfall and temperature conditions according to the projected period for regional planning, Analysis of flood discharge and drought hazard is processed using the SWAT and Hec-Ras models. Based on the research, it was obtained that the occurrence of floods and droughts in the study area occurred in several places with a percentage of 10% and 7% of the total area, respectively. After analyzing a revision of the existing spatial pattern, several directions for cultivation areas have a high level of disaster vulnerability. The directions for the affected areas include agricultural and other development areas, such as residential areas. So based on the results of this study, consideration is needed for areas with high flood and drought vulnerability because disaster-related considerations need to be considered in changes to the spatial layout of the Soppeng area. Keywords: Evaluation, Spatial Plan, Climate Change, Land-use Change, Flood, Drought Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Munajat Nursaputra)

155	Climate Change	ABS-173
Spatial model of flood vulnerability in the Miu sub-watershed Hasriani Muis (a*), Golar (a), Bau Toknok (a), Rhamdani Fitra Baharuddin (a) a) Faculty of Forestry Tadulako University Abstract Damage to watersheds has resulted from changes in land use in various watersheds (DAS) in Central Sulawesi. Frequent floods and droughts, which cause significant material and intangible losses, are a result of watershed destruction. Flash floods have been a common occurrence in portions of Central Sulawesi in recent years, and Miu Watershed is one of those watersheds. Both the material and non-material effects were fairly significant, especially for the local population. The biophysical conditions of the area must be known in order to identify flood target areas and flood causes. Application of Geographic Information Systems is the technique used to assess floods (GIS). This study^s objective is a spatial examination of the Miu watershed^s flood susceptibility. Flood-prone areas are analyzed using a variety of techniques, including overlaying, categorization, scoring, weighting, and modeling. The three types of flood danger classes are non-prone, medium, and prone. The Miu watershed region has an area with a flood hazard class for the non-prone category of 64,255.173 ha, a medium category of 57,909.003 ha, and a vulnerable category of 4,838.917 ha. Bangga Village in Dolo Selatan Sub-district, Tuva Village in Gumbasa Sub-district, and Bolapapu Village in Kulawi Sub-district are the Miu Das regions with the widest category of high flood threat. Keywords: Spatial Analysis, flood hazard, Miu watershed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hasriani Muis)

156	Climate Change	ABS-175
Regional Head Leadership Model in Migitation Climate Change in Papua Fitriani1, Hesty Tambajong2, Ransta L Lekatompessy3, Fransin Kontu4, Imelda C Laode5, Welhelmina Jeujanan6 Universitas Musamus Merauke Papua Abstract Model The aim of this research is to build a leadership model for regional heads that is appropriate in mitigating disasters due to climate change that is occurring in Papua. Papua Island is one of the islands that are included in disaster-prone areas, namely earthquakes, flash floods, tidal floods, and landslides. This disaster occurred due to the geological conditions of Papua in the form of activity on the Indo-Australian plate (southern part) and the Pacific plate (north-northeast part). Natural exploitation by companies and the people themselves in certain areas affects the balance of natural ecosystems. So far, disaster management has only focused on emergency response. The aid movement coordinated by ordinary people is also more focused on raising aid for emergency situations. In fact, comprehensive disaster management includes before a disaster occurs, during a disaster, and after a disaster occurs. Then a combination of leadership styles is needed that must be carried out in each phase of the disaster so that the right model can be produced. The results of this study found that disaster management is not only the responsibility of the government, but must involve the role of the wider community. This is what is currently known as community-based disaster management by combining the right leadership model, namely by preparing disaster-prone maps, Early Warning Systems, disaster management training, Disaster Education, and Forming Cross-Sectoral Networks in Disaster Risk Reduction, and of course commitment regional head leaders in implementing the model. It is hoped that by implementing this model, climate change disaster mitigation can run effectively. Keywords: leadership, mitigation, disaster, climate change Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitriani Fitriani)

157	Climate Change	ABS-181
The Potential Application of Photocatalytic Processes in the Processing of Wastewater in the Leather Industry: A Review Mega Ayu Yusuf1 and Lya Agustina2 1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Musamus University, Indonesia 2 Department of Agroindustrial Techonology, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia Abstract The leather industry is an industry that is not environmentally friendly. This is due to the large amount of solid and liquid waste produced. In every processing of 1 ton of raw skin into leather it takes about 50-150 liters of water and about 300 kg of chemicals. The chemicals commonly used in the production process are chromium, sulfate, sodium sulfate, lime, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, formaldehyde, pigments, dyes, and antifungal agents. These chemicals make the intensity of the poison produced per unit of output high. In Indonesia, chromium is a tanning agent that is widely used because it is cheap, the tanning process is fast, and it produces stable leather. Disposing of leather tannery wastewater directly without prior treatment can cause serious environmental problems due to the high content of COD, BOD, chromium and dyes. Leather industry wastewater contains around 500-1000 ppm chromium (VI). Several efforts to treat Cr(VI) waste that have been carried out, such as chemical reduction, ion exchange, adsorption with coal or activated carbon and reduction with the help of bacteria have weaknesses, namely the need for very high energy and/or very large amounts of chemicals. This weakness makes the photocatalytic method more prospective and superior for application. This paper was created to briefly review the environmental risks posed by the leather tanning industry, especially Cr(VI) waste, as well as the potential for the application of a photocatalytic process to remove these pollutant parameters. Keywords: Photocatalytic, leather industry, chromium (IV) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mega Ayu Yusuf)

158	Climate Change	ABS-192
AGROCLIMATE ZONE ANALYSIS FOR THE SUITABILITY OF RICE PLANTATION IN DONGGALA DISTRICT Abd. Syakur1 ,Fathurrahman1, Mohammad Fathan1, and Ramal Yusuf2* Tadulako University Abstract As one of the supporting districts for regional food security, the productivity of food crops in Donggala Regency needs to be continuously improved. Climate type information is closely related to business development in agriculture, especially rice plants. This study aims to determine the type and distribution of agro-climatic zones for rice land suitability in Donggala Regency. This study uses the climate classification method according to Oldeman by calculating the number of wet months and dry months for one year which is then mapped using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method. The data used in this study are rainfall data for 10 years (2011-2020) from 15 points of BMKG rain observation posts as well as the Planting Calendar for rice plants from the Ministry of Agriculture. The results showed that Donggala Regency has 3 Oldeman climate types, namely type A in Rio Pakava District with the suitability of continuous rice cultivation but low production, B in Banawa Selatan and Sojol Districts with the suitability of continuous rice planting with high production when harvested during drought season. Type E in the Districts of Central Banawa, Banawa, Tanantovea, Labuan, Sindue, Sindue Tobata, Sindue Tombusabora, Balaesang, Balaesang Tanjung, North Sojol and Dampelas which is too dry, so that only one planting period of crops is possible. In areas with climate type E it is recommended to optimize irrigation to meet the water needs of rice plants. The agro-climate zone map made using the IDW interpolation method can describe the distribution of climate types as a whole, especially in areas where there are no rain gauge posts such as in Pinembani District. Keywords: rice, agroclimatic zone, land suitability, agriculture Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Syakur)

159	Ecosystem Services	ABS-15
Kabonga Besar Mangrove Ecosystem Health Status, Donggala, Indonesia - an Analysis of Viability versus Threats A Rizal (a*), S N Mallombasang (a), I M Widiastuti (a), K Mansur (a), Nirwana (b), Fachruddin(c), Umar (c) a) Tadulako University jl. Soekarno Hatta no.KM. 9, Tondo, Kec. Mantikulore, Kota Palu, Sulteng 94148 untad.ac.id b) Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar jl. Sultan Alauddin no. 259, Makassar 90221 c) Universitas Al Khairaat jl. Diponegoro no. 39, Lere Kec. Palu barat, Kota Palu, Sulteng 94221 unisapalu.ac.id Abstract Mangrove ecosystem functions mainly to provide habitat for thousands of marine species, prevent erosion and stabilize shore-line. Based on that, this research aims to determine the health status of the mangrove ecosystem located at Kabonga Besar, Donggala, Indonesia, by assessing its viability and threat level. This research was critically important as the mangrove ecosystem is being designated by the Government of Indonesia as a site for recreational use. The method used was qualitative research applying a series of focus group discussions involving interviews and observation. Data collection processes involved observing the ecosystem condition, interviewing key stakeholders, and studying relevant documents. The obtained data, i.e., Key Ecological Attribute covering the aspect of Landscape Context, Condition, and Size, and Threat data were analyzed using The Conservancy^s Framework for Viability and Threats. Viability and Threats were analyzed using the Software Application of CAP v6b. The results show that the viability of the mangrove ecosystem was good, but the threat level was high. To improve the ecosystem, as part of the coastal management, the health status of the site should be enhanced by increasing its viability or decreasing its threat level. Keywords: (Keywords: mangrove ecosystem, environmental health, mangrove, sustainability, threats, viability, coastal management) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Rizal)

160	Ecosystem Services	ABS-16
The Soil Chemical Properties Condition On Liquefaction In Jono Oge Village Sigi Regency A Monde, A Rahman, S W Prahastuti, B E Sombal Universitas Tadulako Abstract Abstract Incident liquefaction is incident where soil lost strong sliding consequence increase voltage water por i consequence loading cyclic consequence very strong earthquake fast and short . This research was conducted on agricultural land that experienced liquefaction in Jono Oge Village, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted by conducting a direct survey in the field and taking samples on three land conditions, namely eroded land, stockpiled land and land that did not experience liquefaction. Destination from study this is for observe change some traits chemical soil consequence liquefaction and types of ground cover after three years of liquefaction. Results study show that condition nature chemical soil pH, C - Organic , N-Total, Sodium , and Calcium on land affected _ liquefaction , namely on eroded land and buried as well land does not experience liquefaction (Control) in quality no experience change . For cover crops on liquefied and control land dominated by kind of putri malu and bone grass (belulang). Keywords : Chemical Soil properties, Liquefaction Keywords: Chemical Soil properties, Liquefaction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anthon Monde)

161	Ecosystem Services	ABS-19
Health Status Assessment of Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon maleo) Habitat at Kadidia Village, Lore Lindu National Park Sri Ningsih Mallombasang (a*), Ikhsan Nur Mallo (a), Arief Sudhartono (a), Reinaldi (a), St.Ramlah (a) Faculty of Forestry, Tadulako University Abstract IUCN categorizes Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon maleo) as an endemic and endangered species meaning that the species is facing a high risk of extinction soon. One of the critical aspects determining the species^ existence is its habitat. The endangered species^ habitat not only plays a vital role in the species^ survival but also in its to reproduce. The research aims to determine the habitat^s health status by identifying its Health Index. The research method used is a site survey by applying direct observation to habitat components, including conditions, species, and related socio-economic aspects. The data analysis used was the modified Environmental Health Index Determination developed by McKinnon. The research was at Kadidia Village, Lore Lindu National Park. Variables measured are habitat, spesies, and socio-economic condition. The results showed that the health index of the habitat (nesting ground) is good, with a Health Index of 0.55. Therefore, regular monitoring and conservation action should ensure that the habitat is adequately managed and conserved. Keywords: habitat- health index- maleo bird, national park- species population Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Ningsih Mallombasang)

162	Ecosystem Services	ABS-58
SUSTAINABLE CORN INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN DOMPU REGENCY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA Anas Zaini, Mernawati, Suparmin, and Lalu Sukardi Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Mataram Abstract Abstract This study is intended to evaluate the degree of sustainability of maize cultivation in Dompu Regency as well as to find the leverage factors for its sustainability. Data were collected by using interview methods and online questionnaires to 60 farmer respondents spread over three main corn producing districts and 6 experts. The results showed that the average area of corn planting by farmers was 2.5 hectares, with 70 percent of farmers planting corn on state owned land. Overall, the maize farming sustainability index is in the moderate category with the highest sustainability in a row on the dimensions of economy (0.52), policy (0.49) social (0.47), and ecology (0.47). Furthermore, the leverage factors that play a role in increasing sustainability in each dimension sequentially are the policy for determining price reference of corn, ease of market access for the corn produced, the number of farmer households that grow a lot of corn, and the suitability of the corn development area with the regional spatial plan. Meanwhile, potential factors that have not been maximized are policies related to seed production facilities, fertilizers, and pesticides. In other dimensions, namely access to capital/credit and utilization of corn waste. Keywords: corn, industry, sustainable, Dompu Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anas Zaini)

163	Ecosystem Services	ABS-71
Diversity of Arthropods on Clove Plantations (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Dampal Selatan District Moh. Hibban Toana1), Hasriyanty1), Sartika2) Tadulako University Faculty of Agriculture Abstract This study aims to determine the value of the arthropod diversity index in clove plantations (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the Dampal Selatan District. This research was conducted in Lemba Harapan Village, Dampal Selatan District, Toli-Toli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province with a coordinate point of 00.711228N 120.224933E with an altitude of 178 Masl. Sampling is carried out using light traps and pitfall traps. The data analysis used was the Diversity index Shannon Winner (H^), the evenness index (E), and the richness index (R). The results showed that 865 individuals were obtained consisting of 3 classes, 8 orders, 17 families, and 19 species (morphospecies) with different functional roles. The results of the analysis of arthropod diversity in cloves showed moderate diversity, it can be seen that the index value of diversity (H) of arthropods was 2.099, Evenness (E) was 0.713, and richness (R) was 2.662 in the high category. Keywords: Diversity Index, Arthropods, Cloves, South Dampal Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Moh. Hibban Toana)

164	Ecosystem Services	ABS-92
PESTICIDE AFFECTING THE DIVERSITY OF POLLINATOR INSECT IN COCOA PLANTATION (Theobroma cacao L.) Hasriyanty(a*), N Edy(a), Rosmini(a), Jusriadi(a), Mutmainnah(a), Safitri(b), M Pratiwi(b), a)Departement Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Indonesia b)Student at Departement Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Indonesia *email: hasriyanty.amran[at]gmail.com Abstract Pollinating insects play a very important role in the pollination process of cocoa flowers, because unpollinated cocoa flowers will fall within 24 hours and fail to develop into fruit and seeds, on the other hand the presence of pollinators in cocoa plants is influenced by cultivation techniques such as the use of pesticides to agains pest and disease attacks. This study aims to determine the diversity of pollinating insects in cocoa plantations with and without application of pesticide. The study consisted of field research conducted on cocoa plantations in Rahmat Village, Palolo Sub-district, Sigi Regency. Insect identification was carried out at the Plant Pests and Diseases Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Sampling was carried out in 3 plots measuring 40 times 40 rectangle with treatments: application of Chlormit 505 EC insecticide at a dose of 20 ml per 15 L water, Alika 247 ZC insecticide at a dose of 10 ml per 15 L water, and control. In each plot, 10 trees were selected for observation. Insect pollinators and flower visitors were collected using yellow pant traps and by direct observation. The results of this study found 5 species of pollinator insects namely Forcipomyia sp. and Bactrocera sp. from the order Diptera, Lasius niger, Solenopsis invica and Vespidae from the order Hymenoptera and Melantis sp. from the order Lepidoptera. Insecticide application affects pollinating insect diversity. Keywords: pollinating insects, cocoa, pesticides. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hasriyanty Hasriyanty)

165	Ecosystem Services	ABS-98
Identification of ^Healing Forest^ as an ecosystem service of Educational Forest of Universitas Hasanuddin in Kecamatan Cenrana Kabupaten Maros. Asrianny, Nasri, Gunawan Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Forest has numerous benefits for living creatures, especially humans. One of the benefits for humans is as a stress reliever medium that could ease some diseases. It is a potential for a nature-based disease treatment facility. Utilizing a forest^s ecosystem service to treat and or cure diseases is termed ^healing forest^. This phenomenon is still novel in Indonesia due to scarce studies on the topic. One of the potential areas to develop this facility is the Educational Forest of Universitas Hasanuddin in Kecamatan Cenrana Kabupaten Maros. This study aimed to identify the forest^s ecosystem service that is the potential for healing forest spots. This study also improved baseline data of ecosystem service in the Educational Forest. We collected data on physical variables such as microclimate, vegetation density, and slope class from January to March 2021. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) compiled with the Sentinel-2A satellite images was used to analyze the vegetation density. The results showed that 23 ha out of the total area of Educational Forest were proper to become healing forest spots. This area was distributed in sixteen locations with varied areas ranged from 0.1-3.1 Ha, with the widest area up to 1.264 Ha. Keywords: Forest potential, NDVI, microclimate Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asrianny Asrianny)

166	Ecosystem Services	ABS-99
The effect of compost on the growth of forest plants in the gold mine tailings of PT. Kasongan Bumi Kencana, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Patricia Erosa Putir1, Wahyudi2, Sih Winarti2, Sosilawaty2 1)Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program, University of Palangka Raya. Indonesia, 73112 2)Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia, 73112. 1 patricia[at]for.upr.ac.id- 2 wahyudi888[at]for.upr.ac.id- 2 sihwinarti[at]pasca.upr.ac.id- 2 sosilawaty[at]for.upr.ac.id Abstract Mining activities is consequence of development which will result in ex-mining land, causes of environmental changes include chemical, physical and biological. Physically, the land is damaged, the top soil layer become sand, gravel and granite. Chemically, land not longer provide nutrients for plant growth. Biologically, the less of microorganisms especially decomposers. Revegetation is an effort to improve mine land to increase biodiversity, restore landscape aesthetics, control erosion and runoff. The aims of this study to determine the potential growth of Shorea balangeran, Combertocarpus rotundatus, Melaleuca cajuputi and Alstonia scholaris by applying compost to a gold mine^s Tailing Storage Facility (TSF)- 15 year (Mirah I) and 1 year (Mirah II). The results of the study on TSF Mirah I, the percentage of 100% growth was M. cajuputi and A. scholaris, the highest average height and diameter was M. Cajuputi (MeanH+SD) 166.70 + 32.16 cm and (MeanD+SD) 1.35 + 0.62 cm. The TSF Mirah II, the percentage of 100% growth was S. balangeran and A. scholaris, the highest average height was M. cajuputi (MeanH+SD) 137.30 + 23.43 cm and the highest average diameter was A. scholaris (MeanD+SD) 1.23 + 0.38 cm. Keywords: Mining, Tailing, Revegetation, compost Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Patricia Erosa Putir)

167	Ecosystem Services	ABS-105
Natural Resources Protection Through Strategic Environmental Assessment in Palu Central Sulawesi Muhd Nur Sangadji(1), Rostiati Rahmatu(1), Nursalam(1), Nur Edy(1), Abdul Rahman(2), Mauludin Kurniawan(3), Muhammad Musbah(4) (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia (2) Faculty of Forestry, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia (3) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia (4) Institute of Fishery and Marine Palu, Indonesia Abstract Reconciling development activities with Natural resources conservation has become one of the essential elements in the search for sustainable development. The degradation of Natural resources attributed to human activities through development increase rapidly. This trend is exacerbated by policies encouraging land conversion and natural resource overexploitation, as well as a need for more information about the value of natural resource conservation. Consequently, it can alter the ecosystem and change the natural resources and their functions. Protecting natural resources begins with policymaking, followed by development plans and programs. In this study, we describe how the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a safeguarding tool for controlling natural resource loss in Palu City, Central Sulawesi. Natural resources are one of the vital aspects to be considered in SEA. Development in the central city, opening the land for agriculture on a large scale (plantation), and mining were the main issues that contributed to high risk to the natural resources. Regional development plans and programs assess by predicting, evaluating, and mitigating the environmental impact produced by the development. Our study found that the involvement of multi-stakeholders, Government, legislative, universities, social communities, and non-governmental organisations successfully collected strategic development goal issues related to natural resources conditions in Palu, Central Sulawesi. Assessment of the plans and programs of development that will contribute to the mitigation of natural resource degradation and decide alternative recommendations for regional development plans and programs. This study demonstrates the integration of SEA in controlling natural resource degradation due to development. Keywords: Strategic environmental assessment, natural resources, Palu City Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhd. Nur Sangadji)

168	Ecosystem Services	ABS-106
Floristic diversity and threats in new hilly tourist areas: A case study in the Riam Setongah River Nature Tourism Area, Lamandau Regency Antonius Triyadi (a*), Hendra Toni (a) a) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia *antonius_triyadi[at]for.upr.ac.id Abstract The Setongah River Riam nature tourism area in Lamandau district, Central Kalimantan province, is one of the new destinations developed by the local government in response to the high demand for ecotourism areas, which are becoming increasingly trendy among the younger generation. The influx of tourists has raised concerns about damage to the flora in the area, especially by opening access to encroachment, the risk of fires, landslides, and flooding. Information about changes in the composition of the flora in the area has increased the concern of the parties to protect the seven hills, which are part of the plateaus of Kalimantan and are a sacred place for the Kaharingan people in the regency of Lamandau. The diversity of flora in the Riam Sungai Setongah nature tourism area at the foot of the hills was analyzed using a combination of line and patch methods, in which subplots were systematically created for each trail (nested sampling). Data were collected for subplots at the tree level at 20 m x 20 m, at the stake level at 10 m x 10 m, at the sapling level at 5 m x 5 m, and at the seedling level at 2 m x 2 m. The dominance of a plant species is calculated using the Important Value Index, which is composed of species density, relative density, species dominance, relative dominance, species abundance, relative abundance, and species diversity. Overall, the average value of Species Richness Index in lanes one and two is relatively high with an average value of lane one of 3.994 and lane two of 4.006. The average value of Species Richness Index in lanes one and two has an average value of 12.859 for lane one and 13.018 for lane two. Overall, the average value of the Evenness Index in lanes one and two is 0.931 and 0.915, respectively. Even though the Evenness Index at each growth level is relatively high, the diversity of flora is still to be expected. It is hoped that there will be regulatory and educational efforts to reduce visitor pressure on vulnerable areas. Keywords: Setongah river- Important Value Index- Floristics diversity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Antonius Triyadi)

169	Ecosystem Services	ABS-110
Agriculture Land Resources Protection Through Strategic Environmental Assessment (Case Study in Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi-Indonesia) Rostiati Rahmatu (1), Muhd Nur Sangadji (1), Irwan Lakani(1), Selvy Mozin (2), Hauris(1), Renald (3) (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia (2) Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia (3) Politeknik Palu, Indonesia Abstract Increasing development activities with the conservation of food and land resources have become essential in sustainable development. However, the facts show that damage or loss of food and land resources continues even with increasing numbers. Policies regarding land conversion, over-exploitation of natural resources, and the need for more information about the critical value of the land exacerbate this trend. Consequently, there will be changes in the ecosystem and the optimal function of the land. Protection of food and land resources must start with policy-making and be followed by development program planning. In this study, we describe how the Strategic Environmental Assessment (KLHS) is an instrument for protecting agricultural land resources in Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi. Agricultural land resources are one of the essential aspects of the food security program that deserves attention in the KLHS. Development of urban centres or expansion of settlements and large-scale clearing of land for plantations or mining often harm land food resources. Because of this, development plans and programs must be adequately designed through prediction, evaluation and mitigation of possible negative impacts. This study found that the involvement of parties such as- local government, council members, academics, the business world and NGOs, as well as the community, can come up with several issues and strategies related to the loss or damage of agricultural land resources due to development activities and design alternative recommendations for improvement in Parigi Moutong Regency. Keywords: Agriculture, Protection, Strategic Environmental Assessment Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rostiati Rahmatu)

170	Ecosystem Services	ABS-114
ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPACITY IN THE NATIONAL FOOD ESTATE AREA IN CENTRAL SULAWESI Nursalam, Muhd Nur Sangadji, Nur Edy, Abdul Rahman, Mauludin Kurniawan, Muhammad Musbah Universitas Tadulako Abstract Central Sulawesi Province was established as one of the national food estate areas by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. This policy is part of preparing the National Strategic Project for the Development of Nusantara Food Estate (NFE) as a buffer for the new National capital of Indonesia in East Kalimantan. The consequence of this policy is the provision of land that can be utilized for the development of food estates, which allows changes in environmental conditions due to transformations in land use which can affect environmental conditions. This study was conducted to obtain information on the environment^s carrying capacity based on an assessment of the ecosystem services in the food estate area in Central Sulawesi. The analysis was carried out using a spatial approach to ecosystem services which are indicators of the environment^s carrying capacity. The study results show that 1) the food estate area is dominated by land that has a moderate environmental supportive capacity, around 40% of the total food estate area, 2) Food estate locations with a percentage of more than 90% of the area having a moderate environmental supportive capacity, are located in the Karavana, Manggalapi, and Talaga locations, 3) the food estate area with high environmental supportive capacity is only 28.81% of the total area of &#8203-&#8203-the food estate area. Where a significant percentage of the area is found in the Sirenja location, reaches 40.55%, 4)The food estate area is dominated by land that has a low environmental assimilative capacity, which is 38.48% of the total area of &#8203-&#8203-the Food estate area, 5)Food estate areas with a percentage of the area of &#8203-&#8203-more than 90% have a low environmental assimilative capacity, found in the Karavana, Kamalu, Joda, and Sibalaya locations. Keywords: Supportive capacity, assimilative capacity, ecosystem services Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nursalam Nursalam)

171	Ecosystem Services	ABS-138
STAKEHOLDER STRATEGI OF FOREST PARK MENAGEMEN IN CENTRAL SULAWESI Arman Maiwa (a*), Golar (a), Hasrini Muis (a), Abdul Rahman (a), Rizky Purnama (a), Mochamad Fadil (a), Vita Gracia Natali (a) (a) Faculty of Forestry, Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km. 9, Palu Indonesia 94117 * Corresponding author. Email: armanmaiwa88[at]gmail Abstract The main challenge in managing Kapopo Natural Tourism is the participation of stakeholders who have their own interest in its management. Instruments are needed to involve every stakeholder, as the key to the success of Kapopo^s natural tourism. This study examines stakeholders who have interests and influence in supporting the successful management of Kapopo Nature Tourism in Central Sulawesi. The method uses the 4Rs analysis, namely identifying the rights, obligations, as well as the influence and interests of each stakeholder. The research results identified 12 stakeholders with different rights and obligations, and the management of nature tourism is a key stakeholder. This study presents stakeholder strategies in the sustainable management of nature tourism in the Forest Park Keywords: stakeholder, natural tourism, sustainable development. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arman Maiwa, S.Hut., MP)

172	Ecosystem Services	ABS-155
Income Analysis of Community in the Essential Ecosystem Area of Masakambing Island Ernoiz Antriyandarti Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl.Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract Masakambing Island, located in Masalembu sub-district, Sumenep district, is designated as an Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA). The island is habitats to a surviving wild individual of the abbotti subspecies of the yellow-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea). EEA is an area of important ecosystem value outside of a conservation area which ecologically supports the continuity of life through efforts to conserve biodiversity for the welfare of society and the quality of human life. This study aims to analyze the income of the people in the Essential Ecosystem Area of Masakambing Island. The primary data collected was analyzed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results showed that income was influenced by age, education, marital status, side job and assets. The welfare of the people of Masakambing Island is low compared to the people of other sub-districts in Sumenep district. Therefore, its ecosystem management requires a sustainable use approach by accommodating the ecological, social and economic needs of the community. Keywords: Essential Ecosystem Area (EEA), community, conservation, welfare, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ernoiz Antriyandarti)

173	Ecosystem Services	ABS-187
STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RAJA AMPAT REGENCY - PAPUA Alexander Phuk Tjilen 1, Beatus Tambaip, and 3 Willyan Sahetapy Universitas Musamus Abstract Research purposesis to know the influential factors such as environment, economy and socio-culture that affect the sustainable development of tourism for Raja Ampat. Research methods Qualitative analysis is used to analyze whether the three factors above and the observed variables are grouped into each factor or are there other latent factors as well as collecting expert opinions for discussion and checking the correctness of data or information obtained by researchers from various different points of view. reduce as much as possible the bias that occurs during data collection and analysis. Research results, issu stainable tourism development should focus on the role of indigenous and local communities in the management of conservation areas and in economic aspects. Local governments should play an active role in regulating tourism activities, providing tourism agency services, and reducing social evils. Monitoring the quality of tour guides and policies to increase the knowledge and expertise of local people. Tourism must have a broad vision to protect traditional beauty, religion and traditional activities. Tourism development must also create opportunities and increase the role of local communities in the utilization of environmental services in a sustainable manner to drive the community^s economy and protect traditional wisdom, utilization of natural resources, such as sasi culture. KEYWORS: Development of Indigenous Peoples, Management of Conservation Areas, Improvement of the Economy, Maintenance of Social Culture, Sustainable Tourism Protection of Utilization Rights Management of Natural Resources Keywords: KEYWORS: Development of Indigenous Peoples, Management of Conservation Areas, Improvement of the Economy, Maintenance of Social Culture, Sustainable Tourism Protection of Utilization Rights Management of Natural Resources Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alexander Phuk Tjilen)

174	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-32
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRAPS OF DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AGAINST FRUIT FLIES (Bactrocera spp.) ON GUAVA PLANTS (Psidium guajava L.) Karina Aulia Azzahra Simanjuntak and Marheni Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatera Abstract Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is one of the main pest of guava so its presence needs to be controlled because it causes production to decrase up to 50%. Various control efforts can be caried out, including the use of color and scent traps. This research was carried out in Sei Mencirim Village February-April 2022. The method used a randomize group with 2 factors and 3 test, the first factor is the type of trap with 5 levels, namely control, yellow color trap, green color trap, guava fruit waste extract, and guava fruit flesh waste and the second factor is the height of the trap with 3 levels, namely trap heights of 1 m, 1.5 m, and 2 m. The result showed the number of imago populations of trapped fruit flies and heighest number of trapped male fruit flies in the green color type, for the heighest number of trapped female fruit flies in yellow color traps. At a trap height of 1.5 m, the number of fruit fly imago populations was shown and the highest number of fruit fly imago populations was shown and the heighest number of male and female fruit flies trapped. Keywords: Color trap, aroma trap, guava, fruit fly, height trap Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Karina Aulia Azzahra Simanjuntak)

175	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-41
Root Formation on Jabon Trees ( Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) by in Vitro Treatment of Various IBA-KInetin Combination Muslimin, Dewi Wahyuni, Andi Sahri Alam, Annadira Faculty Of Forestry Tadulako University Abstract The objective of this study aimed to determine the concentration of Indolebutiric acid (IBA) - Kinetin combination which is suitable for root formation of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Rob) Miq) by in vitro. This research is follow-up study of in vitro shoot initiation and multiplication of anthocephalus cadamba (Rob) Miq). The research was conducted at Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory, Foresty Departmen, Forestry Faculty of Tadulako University from February 2018 to August 2018. The study was arranged in a randomized complete design with added IBA and Kinetin to basic medium Murashige and Skoog in various concentration as a treatment. Five levels concentration combination of IBA + Kinetin was studied namely : H1(0,1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm Kinetin), H2(0,5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm Kinetin), H3(1,0 ppm IBA + 0,5 ppm Kinetin), H4(1,5 ppm IBA + 0,3 ppm Kinetin), H5 (2 ppm IBA + 0,1 ppm Kinetin). The result of eskperiment showed that the concentration combination of 2 ppm IBA + 0,1 ppm Kinetin can promote best root formation of Anthocephalus cadamba, which is compared the others treatment. Treatment of 0,1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm kinetin showed no response to root formation, but promote best shoot formation of Anthocephalus cadamba. Key word : In vitro, Indolebutiric Acid (IBA), Kinetin, Root formation Anthocephalus cadamba Keywords: In vitro, Indolebutiric Acid (IBA), Kinetin, Root formation Anthocephalus cadamba Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muslimin muslim)

176	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-57
The dynamics of species change, pest status, and new pests on sugarcane in Indonesia S Subiyakto, D A Sunarto, S Sujak, S Supriyono, C Suhara, K S Wijayanti, N Hidayah*, T Yulianti, I G A A Indrayani, and N Nurindah Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency Jl Raya Jakarta-Cibinong, Cibinong, Bogor, 16915, Indonesia * nuru049[at]brin.go.id Abstract The purpose of this review is to assess if there has been a change in the species and status of sugarcane pests during a particular period. This information has not yet been available. This study is crucial, particularly for the development of an Indonesian sugarcane pest management strategy. The review approach involved interpreting the three books published in 1951, 2011, and 2017. They were (1) The Pests of Crops in Indonesia, (period 1), (2) Sugarcane Pests and Diseases (period 2), and (3) Sugarcane Plant Pest Organism (period 3). The publications described the status of pest species. In addition, we closely examined additional sources related to the subject themes. The results revealed that some species and pest statuses had shifted, as well as the appearance of new pests on sugarcane. Changes in species, status, and the appearance of new pests on sugarcane were the result of shifting sugarcane planting area from rice fields to rainfed land, alterations in agricultural practices, the present of natural enemies, and climate change. Shoot borer, stem borer, and white grubs were significant sugarcane pests during the three periods. Keywords: Pest dynamics, sugarcane pests, stem borer, shoot borer, white grub Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurul Hidayah)

177	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-62
ENCAPSULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF COCOA BEAN SHELL EXTRACT WITH MALTODEXTRIN AS ENCAPSULANT A Noviyanty1, A Hasanuddin2, A Rahim3, G S Hutomo4, N Alam5, R Rahmatu6, S Kadir7, E Priyantono8 C A Salingkat9, S P Ariany10 1 Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, City of Palu, Indonesia 2 Livestock Study Program, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, City of Palu, Indonesia 10 Palu Polytechnic, City Of Palu, Indonesia Abstract Encapsulation is a way to protect the active ingredients from adverse environmental influences during storage and processing. Maltodextrin is one of the coatings and is often used because of its ability to form emulsions, low viscosity, easy to find, easy to process, disperses quickly, has high solubility, and can matrices reducing browning. In addition, an excellent ability to deal with oxidation so that the resulting encapsulant can have a better shelf life. This study aims to obtain the ratio of extract to coating material that produces encapsulation that has the best antioxidant activity, total phenolics, moisture content, and encapsulation efficiency. This study was experimental and designed using a completely randomized design with the treatment of the maltodextrin (coating material)/extract of cocoa bean shell, namely five levels of ratio 2:1 to 6:1 in which all treatments repeated three times. The results showed that the ratio of the coating material/coastal extract of the cocoa bean 4:1 was the best ratio for encapsulating the cacao bean shell extract which resulted in IC50 values of 59.99 micrograms per mL, total phenolics of 90.37 ppm, encapsulation efficiency of 68.31 percent and moisture content of 4.45 percent. Keywords: Extract, encapsulation, cocoa bean shell, maltodextrin, polyphenols Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Amalia Noviyanty)

178	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-63
Testing of Rapid Vigour Method for Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by Using Radicle Emergence Nugraheni 1*, Bambang Pujiasmanto 2, Samanhudi 3 1 Master of Agronomy Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, Indonesia 2,3 Departement of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. Sorghum has a higher protein nutrient content (11%) than rice (6.8%) per 100 grams of ingredients. However the development and yield of sorghum is still low compared to other food crops. One of the causes of low sorghum production yields is because seed deteriorate rapidly. The deterioration of sorghum seeds during storage signals a low seed vigor. So it is necessary to improve seed vigor tests efficiency in order to shorten test time. This research purpose were to determine exact radicle observation time in RE test and determine correlation between RE test results and the vigor change and seed viability. The results showed that radicula observations using RE method can be carried out after the seeds are germinated for 96 hours at a 25+20C temperature. Variety Suri 4 has the highest RE yield of 95.25% but has the lowest average germination time of 28.87. The second result show there is positive correlation between RE value to the change IV,Kct, DB, PTM. It means the higher value of IV,Kct, DB and PTM, the higher RE value. The correlation between RE and MGT and LPK changes shows a negative correlation. The higher MGT and LPK values, the lower RE value. Keywords: Radicle emergence, vigor, viability, germination Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nugraheni heni)

179	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-72
Effectiveness of Multiple Cultures of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from The Rhizosphere of Cocoa on Host Pueraria Javanica Abstract Please Just Try to Submit This SampleI Lapanjang1*, E Zakaria3, N Edy1,2, HN Barus1 Abstract Please Just Try to Department Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia Abstract The utilization of single arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is constrained by the propagation of the single spore and usually depends on the host plant. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of single culture propagation of several genera of AMF from the rhizosphere of cocoa and the concentration of NPK on the host Pueraria javanica. The study was designed with a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the genus FMA which consisted of Acaulospora sp1 (M1), Acaolospora sp2 (M2), Glomos sp1 (M3), Glomous sp2 (M4), Glomous sp 3 (M5). The second factor was that the concentration of liquid fertilizer was five levels: control (P0), 0.5g/l water (P1), 1g/l water (P2), 1.5g/l water (P3), 2g/l water (P4), and repeated four times. Parameters observed: root infection, spore number, main stem length, root length. The study showed that the highest number of spores resulted from the interaction of Acauspora sp.1 with 0.5 g/l NPK. The most extended stem and root lengths were produced at 1 g/l NPK with Acauspora sp 2, 27.40 cm, and 2 g NPK fertilizer with Acauspora sp.2, which had a root length of 8.8 cm. The highest colonization rate was found in plants not given NPK and infected with Glomous sp.1. This study showed that Pueraria javanicum was effective as a host plant for developing AMF in a single culture. Keywords: Keywords: Cocoa, FMA, Acaulospora, Glomous, Pueraria Javanica. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (iskandar lapanjang)

180	Innovation and Precision Farming	ABS-131
Effectiveness of Media B5 (Gamborg) for Multiplication of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) in vitro Gusmiaty, Syamsinar , Muh. Restu, Iswanto, Nur Aida, Siti Halimah Larekeng Faculty of Forestry, hasanuddin University Abstract Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen, known as sengon, is one of the most important versatile pioneer species in Indonesia. The Sengon plant is one of the fastest-growing plants in the tropics. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best media at the multiplication stage of sengon with the addition of ZPT cytokinin BAP and kinetin either singly or in combination. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the study, which were the best media on sengon plantlets, were Media M2 (B5 + BAP 0.1) which was the medium with the highest number of shoots. Media (B5 + BAP 0.2) was the fastest medium for leaf emergence at 1 MST. The result of the Poisson test analysis on M2 media (B5 + BAP 0.1) is a medium with a value that has a very significant effect on the number of leaves compared to other media. The average height of the highest sengon plantlets was M1 media (B5 Control), with a value of 1.73 cm. The highest percentage of dead plantlets on M4 media was 33% and on M9 media was 17% which was characterized by browning, which led to cell death. Contaminated plantlets were only shown on media M4 (BAP 0.2), M5 (Kinetin 0.2), and M9 (BAP (0.2) + Kin (0.2) caused by bacteria with a percentage of up to 17%, which caused plantlet growth inhibition. Keywords: multiplication, in vitro, Medium, Paraserianthes falcataria Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Halimah Larekeng)

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