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1	Conservation, geo-heritage, and geopark	ABS-4
ANALYSIS OF FLOOD DISASTER RISK IN THE MAROS-PANGKEP GEOPARK AREA (BANTIMURUNG, RAMMANG-RAMMANG AND LEANG-LEANG) Sumardin (a), Safri Burhanuddin (a), and Ilham Alimuddin (b) Abstract ANALYSIS OF FLOOD DISASTER RISK IN THE MAROS-PANGKEP GEOPARK AREA (BANTIMURUNG, RAMMANG-RAMMANG AND LEANG-LEANG) Sumardin 1 , Safri Burhanuddin 2 ,Inspiration Alimuddin 3 Hasanuddin University Makassar Geology Masters Study Program E-mail: sumardiono17kusumo@gmail.com ABSTRACT Sumardin, 2023. Flood Disaster Risk Analysis in the Maros-Pangkep Geopark Area (Bantimurung, Rammang-Rammang and Leang-Leang) Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Supervised by Safri Burhanuddin and Ilham Alimuddin. This research aims to 1) To analyze the risk level of flood disasters in the Maros-Pangkep Geopark Area, 2) To analyze flood disaster mitigation strategies in the Maros-Pangkep Geopark Area. The research method uses quantitative research. The population in this research is the Maros-Pangkep geopark area with samples from the Bantimurung, Rammang-Rammang and Leang-Leang areas. The data collection technique used consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data consists of three, namely, Observation, Interview and Documentation while secondary data from supporting books, theses, journals, scientific writings and information/reports from related agencies as reference sources relevant to the research . The data analysis used is disaster risk analysis. The research results show 1) B Based on the calculation of the disaster risk of the three biosites that were exposed to the flood disaster, based on the calculation of the disaster risk of the three biosites that were exposed to the flood disaster, it was found that the Bantimurung Region had a risk index of 0.31 in the medium category , Rammang-rammang has a risk index of 0.19 low category , Leang-leang area has a risk index of 0.66 high category . 2) Disaster risk reduction strategies are carried out before, during and after a disaster occurs through stakeholder integration so as to minimize the risk of flood disasters in the Bantimurung, Rammang-Rammang and Leang-Leang areas. Relocating residential buildings around the river which resulted in the river water not being channeled properly to the sea, causing the river water to overflow and cause flooding. Increasing economic growth through the tourism sector by providing businesses that are conducive to investment. Keywords: Risk Analysis, Geopark Area, Rammang-Rammang, Bantimurung, Leang-Leang Keywords: Keywords: Risk Analysis, Geopark Area, Rammang-Rammang, Bantimurung, Leang-Leang Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (SUMARDIN -)

2	Conservation, geo-heritage, and geopark	ABS-33
Investigating the land cover characteristics of the Kesongo Mud Volcano Complex, Java Island, Indonesia: Surface analysis and visual interpretation through Harmonized Sentinel-2A MSI Imagery Danni Gathot Harbowo (a,b*) & Eri S. Sitinjak (a) a) Doctoral student in Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl.Ganesha, 10, Bandung, 40132, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. b) Department of Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Wayhui, 35365, Lampung, Indonesia. *danni.gathot[at]gl.itera.ac.id Abstract The Kesongo Mud Volcano Complex is a unique geological feature that requires further investigation of its land cover to understand potential successions, in Java Island, Indonesia. Our study reveals land cover characteristics by investigating their surface and visual expression via satellite imagery. Through the Harmonized Sentinel-2A MSI Imagery analysis approach followed by field observations, we uncovered the complexity of land cover, including vegetation variations up to substrate characteristics. Using remote sensing techniques, mud volcano land-cover characteristics were identified based on the normalized difference index for vegetation (NDVI) and moisture (NDMI). Both indices exhibited a linear regression trend with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.6184. The results indicate a contrasting pattern between the central, inner, and outer rim regions, which can be characterized by specific band combinations, particularly [B8, B4, B3] and [B11, B8, B12]. Additionally, moisture and vegetation around the mud volcano provide characteristics of recently active mudflow sides, especially in the presence of Typhaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. This study contributes to the understanding of the unique land cover dynamics in this mud volcano complex and provides insights into the geological to ecological features for further geoconservation perspectives. Keywords: Geobiology, Ecology, Geoconservation, Remote sensing, Mud volcano, Java Island, Sentinel-2A Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Danni Gathot Harbowo)

3	Conservation, geo-heritage, and geopark	ABS-57
Development of Landscape Design by Maximizing Educational and Recreational Functions, Case Study of Nagrak Trisakti Campus Reza Fauzi, Nur Intan Simangunsong, Dibyanti Danniswari, Rini Fitri Landscape Architecture Study Program, Universitas Trisakti Abstract Landscape elements can create an interesting and memorable learning experience for its users. Nagrak Trisakti Campus has a vacant land area that can actually be utilized as a green open space area that has social and recreational functions so as to increase comfort for its users. The location of the site in a University facility requires a landscape design approach that is in accordance with the needs and objectives of the University, so that it can support academic activities such as research, student activities and community service. The purpose of this research is to develop a landscape design with an educational function approach in the context of a public park. The methods used include field visits, interview literature analysis, and conceptual design studies. The results of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for Landscape Architects in developing designs that not only function as recreational facilities but also as educational facilities that support learning activities and other academic activities. So that it can support the vision, mission and goals of the University in the development of science in the future era. Keywords: Landscape, Recreation, Education Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Reza Fauzi)

4	Conservation, geo-heritage, and geopark	ABS-70
Developing Sustainable Tourism Based on Geological and Mining Heritage in Indonesia Nendi Rohaendi, Iwan Fahlevi Setiawan, Herlinawati, and Arif Budiyono Center of Human Resources Development of Geology, Coal and Mineral, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Abstract Since there is rapid geopark development, geotourism as sustainable tourism is getting popular in many regions in Indonesia. The development of sustainable tourism based on geological heritage and mining heritage is an alternative to deal with mined land because some of the geoparks is originally mining area. The aim of the study is to study the potential sustainable tourism in three geoparks namely Sawahlunto, Pongkor, and one of UNESCO Global Geopark of Belitung. Mining industries have an important role in economic development in Indonesia such as a source of national and local income, however, the negative impact of mining on land change is considerably. As an alternative solution to how to deal with mined land as post mining program is developing sustainable tourism for ex mining area. To reach the goal is by making a tourism potentially mapping, and also qualitative and quantitative assessment in some geopark areas. The result will be useful information for developing an alternative for post-mining land use. The alternative option for post-mining land use is broadly useful since Indonesia will have many mining closures. The development of geopark in terms of conservation will be one of the best options for post mining programs. However, since there is complexity in terms of management of geopark. We need to carefully assess geopark as alternative of mined land. The preliminary result of the research shows that the possibility of developing sustainable tourism based on geological heritage and mining heritage. Keywords: Sustainable Tourism- Geoheritage- Mining Heritage Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nendi Rohaendi)

5	Conservation, geo-heritage, and geopark	ABS-74
Assessment Geoeducational Value of Geosites in UNESCO Global Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Based on School Student Iwan F Setiawan, Herlinawati, Nendi Rohaendi, and A. Alex Harmoko Center of Human Resources Development of Geology, Coal and Mineral, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Abstract In 2018, the UNESCO Global Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu was formed. The geopark contains interesting geological and geomorphological sites. One essential strategy to promote geoeducational values is to incorporate geosites into school curriculum. The purpose of this article is to investigate the assessment of geoeducational value in evaluating geosite potential, particularly from the perspective of school students. The assessment results highlight the need of targeted measures in increasing geosites^ educational and long-term impact, developing geological awareness and responsible environmental engagement. A questionnaire survey was utilised to assess the students^ understanding of geosites and their applications in geotourism and education. The research revealed that the availability of significantly value and special attractions in the area, however, they are rarely visited by students. Students argue that geoheritage assets can be considered essential tourist attractions. All stakeholders in geoeducation should focus more on spreading this knowledge to schools and the general public. The creation of a geopark will undoubtedly provide an opportunity for geoeducation to grow Keywords: Geoeducation: Geosites- School Student. Keywords: Geoeducation, Geosites, School Student Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iwan Fahlevi Setiawan)

6	Conservation, geo-heritage, and geopark	ABS-89
Safety Assessment for Geotourism in Ciletuh Geopark, West Java Herlinawati, Iwan F Setiawan, Nendi Rohaendi, Wahyudi Center of Human Resources Development of Geology, Coal and Mineral, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Abstract Geopark areas offer a unique opportunity for geotourism, allowing visitors to experience geological wonders while immersing themselves in local culture and biodiversity. However, ensuring the safety of both visitors and the environment is critical for sustainable development and visitor satisfaction. The Ciletuh Geopark, part of the UNESCO Global Geopark network, is situated in the Sukabumi Regency of West Java and is a prime example of such an area. The park offers diverse landscapes shaped by millions of years of geological processes, including rugged coastal areas, stunning cliffs, pristine beaches, lush forests, and cascading waterfalls. The purpose of this study is to identify potential hazards in the tourism industry in Ciletuh Geopark and calculate associated risks by considering factors such as the likelihood and severity of these hazards on visitors, infrastructure, and the environment. The potential hazards were identified, analyzed, and assessed in each geosite using UNEP, NPSA, and APEC methodologies. The data sources used were primary and secondary ones taken from observation, open interviews, and literature studies. The results show that rockfalls and steep slopes pose the highest physical and biological hazards, presenting a high level of risk. Meanwhile, landslides, snakes, bees, and poisonous plants were classified as low risk. Therefore, the safety assessment results of Geopark Ciletuh can serve as a reference for future development to ensure the park remains sustainable. By identifying and mitigating potential hazards, the park can continue to provide a safe and enjoyable experience for visitors while protecting the community and environment. Keywords: geopark- hazard- risk- safety- tourism- sustainability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Herlinawati .)

7	Energy transition and renewable energy	ABS-9
Productivity Analysis and Projection of Gamal Potential as an Renewable Energy Using a Matrix Leslie Friska Dinarta Aritonang(a*) ,Yoyo Suhaya (b), Atmawi Darwis(b) a.Forestry Engineering Study Program, School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Let. Ret. Dr.(HC) Mashudi 1, Jatinangor, RegencySumedang, Java West 45363, Indonesia Abstract The escalating energy demand in Indonesia is at odds with the available energy production. A promising solution is the promotion of wood as biomass, with Gamal trees emerging as a potential energy crop. This study delves into analyzing the productivity of Gamal trees in the Purwakarta Forest Management Unit (KPH) and forecasting their electricity generation potential in two distinct site conditions. Examining 128 poorly growing Gamal trees in plot 69E1 and 142 well growing ones in plot 70C2, all planted in 2019 provided crucial data on height, diameter, and volume. Well-growing Gamal trees exhibited higher growth rates : 0.9368m/year for height, 0.047m/year for diameter, and 0.0156m cubic/year for volume, compared to poorly growing ones with rates of 0.726m/year, 0.013m/year, and 0.00135m cubic/year respectively. Utilizing the Leslie matrix method for growth projection, poorly growing Gamal trees showed estimated growth of 6.3cm in height, 0.071cm in diameter, and 0.0104cm cubic in volume, while well growing ones projected to grow by 19.1cm, 0.36cm, and 0.049cm cubic respectively, annually. Stand characteristics such as basal area and tree count influenced ingrowth, upgrowth, and mortality models differently for well growing and poorly growing Gamal trees. Extrapolating volume dimension growth data, well growing trees on 1 hectare are estimated to yield 1,663,298cm cubic, while poorly growing ones yield 116,635cm cubic. By planting energy crops across 10.94 hectares in plots 70C2 and 69E1, the Purwakarta Forest Management Unit could potentially generate 67,684,033 watts of electricity annually. This research underscores the potential of Gamal trees as a renewable energy source, offering insights for sustainable energy planning in Indonesia. Keywords: renewable energy, productivity, crop yield, ingrowth, upgrowth, mortality, potential projection, energy crops, Leslie matrix, eigenvalue, potential gamal, potency electricity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Friska Dinarta Aritonang)

8	Energy transition and renewable energy	ABS-49
SILAR as an effective photocatalyst synthesis method for performance improvement in hydrogen recovery on water splitting process: a brief review Reno Pratiwi, Dina Asmaul Chusniyah, Kartika Fajarwati Hartono, Widia Yanti, Fadliah Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Earth Technology and Energy, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Photocatalysis is now being extensively researched as a viable alternative to the process of generating hydrogen gas. The Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption Reaction (SILAR) is a relatively simple photocatalyst film synthesis method, which can be performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the study of photocatalysis development in relation to synthesis methods using SILAR is highly intriguing. The study of photocatalysis development in relation to synthesis methods employing SILAR is highly intriguing. This review will discuss the characteristics, drawbacks, and advantages of the SILAR method, as well as the factors that influence its application. Thus, in relation to future research on the synthesis of photocatalyst layers, it will be more focused and provide results that have an impact on the overall performance of photocatalysis, especially in terms of making hydrogen gas as a substitute energy source. Keywords: Photocatalyst- Hydrogen- Renewable Energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Reno Pratiwi)

9	Energy transition and renewable energy	ABS-58
Study Effect of Rice Husk Charcoal Mix on Coal Briquettes using the carbonization method with tapioca flour adhesive Fachruzzaki (a*), Rina Lestari(a), Siti Aminah(a) a) Department of Mining Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Jember University, St. Kalimantan Regency of Jember East Java *zakiunej[at]unej.ac.id Abstract There are many coal mining companies in Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan. The residue of the processing and testing of coal is mostly left by the company so that it is just wasted. This residual coal can be used to make briquettes. However, coal briquettes are often difficult to ignite and produce a lot of ash. Mixing residual coal with rice husks is desirable because it can improve its characteristics. Rice husks are found in this area because apart from industrial areas, there are also large agricultural areas. Still, rice husks and coal residues are not widely used although it can be used to produce alternative energy fuels. The research method used is experimental quantitative. Coal is pulverized to 18 mesh. Rice husk is carbonized to obtain husk charcoal which is then used as a coal mixing material in making briquettes with tapioca flour adhesive. The results showed that BT-01 briquettes with a composition of 75% coal and 25% husks had the highest heating value was 5194 kcal/kg and longer burning time was 28 minutes. The results of this study are applicable for further use for households and medium-sized industries Keywords: Study Effect of Rice Husk Charcoal Mix on Coal Briquettes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fachruzzaki Fachruzzaki)

10	Energy transition and renewable energy	ABS-62
Exploring the Transition to Low/Zero Emissions Passenger Vehicles in Used Car Markets: Insights from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Westford S. Joseph (a), Phimsupha Kokchang (b) (a) Environment, Development, and Sustainability Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand (b) Energy Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Abstract A quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions come from the transportation sector, with approximately 39% of transportation emissions coming from private vehicle use. The adoption of low/zero emission vehicles (LZEV) has emerged as a top strategy for states to reduce GHG emissions from the sector. Yet, little research has examined this strategy in markets where consumers favour buying used cars, such as the study^s target country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Furthermore, used car markets are particularly prominent in developing states, where most of the 2050 projected global vehicle fleet expansion will occur. This study utilizes an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour model - where the constructs of ^cost^, ^perceived internal constraints^ and ^perceived external purchasing constraints^ were analysed along with the theory^s original constructs ^attitude^, ^subjective norms^, and ^perceived behavioural control^ - to determine better the various influences of Vincentian consumers^ intention to purchase a low/zero emissions vehicle. The results showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and cost emerged as having significant control over a person^s intention to purchase LZEV, while perceived internal constraints were not shown to impact a person^s decision. While there were reliability challenges with the perceived external constraints construct, it can still be concluded that effects on the supply of LZEV, especially used vehicles, will negatively impact persons^ intentions to purchase. Keywords: EV adoption- low/zero emission vehicles- theory of planned behaviour- used cars Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Westford Stilly Joseph)

11	Energy transition and renewable energy	ABS-116
Renewable energy analysis in Vietnam to 2050 Nguyen Minh Phuong Saint Petersburg Mining University Abstract This research analysis of characteristics, technological and legal problems, as well as factors for the development of renewable energy sources in Vietnam. Research into influencing factors, needs and market trends. Recommendations for the development of the energy sector based on strategic analysis, energy innovation and the circular economy. Currently, the need for an increase in electricity production is ensured by coal production (more than 35%) and hydroelectric dams (more than 30%), which determines the strategic importance of the fossil energy and hydropower sectors. The adoption of sustainable development goals, in the context of the global trend towards a low-carbon economy, has led to state programs to develop the energy sector in the direction of reducing the volume of fossil energy production, Reduce negative impacts from hydroelectric dams on the environment and replace them with more environmentally friendly green energy sources. However, the alternative energy infrastructure is not yet fully developed, allowing it to completely replace fossil energy and traditional hydroelectric dams as alternative energy sources in the medium and long term. Therefore, for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the urgent task is the stable response to the energy needs of the economy, a solution that takes into account national interests. The document presents various solutions to this problem, such as more effective planning, digitalization of various activities, and a better understanding of available resources to meet energy needs. Keywords: environmental management, resource efficiency, energy transition, renewable energy sources, sustainable development, forecast, government support Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mguyen Minh Phuong)

12	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-3
A New Approach for Predicting Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Pressure (MAASP) with Supervised Machine Learning Amega Yasutra1, Ganesha Rinku Darmawan2*, Ardhi Hakim Lumban Gaol1, Stephen Salomo1 1Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Mining & Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 2Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Design & Technology, Bandung Institute of Science Technology, Kota Deltamas CBD, Ganesha Boulevard, Cikarang Pusat, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. *Corresponding Author: ganesharinkudarmawan[at]gmail.com Abstract Several well integrity issues may arise when a well commences production. Those integrity issues can create deviations from the expected annular pressure behavior indicating the presence of Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP). Hence, a pressure threshold applied in the annulus should be established, referred to as the Maximum Allowable Annulus Surface Operating Pressure (MAASP). This study based on 43 wells in a field that was compiled, studied to predict the MAASP using supervised machine learning application. The formulas used for MAASP calculations developed in ISO 16530-1 (2017) method. Out of 43 wells data, 31 wells data will be used in the training phase to build the model and 12 data in the model validation phase. Supervised machine learning model used is predictive modeling as it enables the operator to develop a model using historical data to make a prediction on the new unanswered data. Random Forest, AdaBoost, and KNN Model was used to develop the model. The validation result for A-annulus, B-annulus, and C-annulus shows a strong resemblance proved by the precision index (R-value and R^2 value) for AdaBoost model. By using this approved model, MAASP prediction of three new sample data with and without smoothing action is performed. Furthermore, to test the extent of this supervised machine learning capability, the input data for prediction purposes is decreased to 75%, 63%, 50%, and lastly 25%. The study shows that though some data has been diminished, the supervised machine learning is presumed to have completed its purpose as it is still able to grasp the limited input and produce good results in MAASP predictions. This new approach could be used in a develop fields with typically same construction design Keywords: Please Just algorithm, supervised machine learning, MAASP, predictive modeling, prediction, Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ganesha Rinku Darmawan)

13	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-7
Sucker Rod Pump Re-Design to Enhance the Oil Production Rate at PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan Gerry Sasanti Nirmala (a*), Edi Untoro (a), Mickhael Oratmangun (a), Yesaya Arison Haratua (b) a) Oil and Gas Production Engineering Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada No. 38, Cepu, Blora, Central Java, 58315, Indonesia * gerry.nirmala[at]gmail.com b) PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan Zona 4, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.3, South Sumatera, 31122, Indonesia Abstract Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) is one artificial lift with a relatively simple design and easy to operate in oil wells. In this paper, a study is carried out regarding the efficiency of SRP using two wells with different completions, namely directional and vertical wells. There was a decreased production rate in both wells, and the analysis showed that the wells had low productivity. However, the average water cut was relatively low, so production is still expected in the future. Both wells use SRP with the same pump type. The decrease in oil production is suspected to be caused by the reduction of pump efficiency, and analysis showed that the pump efficiency in directional and vertical wells was 40.115% and 38.8% respectively. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the well by optimizing the installed pump. Some calculations and analyses are discussed regarding the change in the stroke length and pump speed. It managed to increase efficiency up to 87.412% and oil gains up to 8.428 bopd in directional wells. While in vertical wells, pump efficiency rises to 78.621 % with an oil gain of 2.565 bopd. Keywords: sucker rod pump, efficiency, stroke length, pump speed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gerry Sasanti Nirmala)

14	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-16
Study of the Utilization of Solid Waste from Field X Oil Wells as the Basic Material for Mixing Road Asphalt Erdila Indriani(a), Purnomosidi(a*) a) Oil and Gas Production Engineering, Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada No. 38, Cepu, Blora, Central Java, 58315, Indonesia *purnomosidi[at]esdm.go.id Abstract The upstream oil and gas industry in the Production sector includes oil and gas lifting activities from the Oil Well pit to the storage tank/sales tank. The process of gathering systems from each point of production facility units is often the subject of study in the form of pressure loss, blockages or leakage problems. In field X, B3 waste is often a burden on the company because the costs are enormous, with almost no revenue value. Solid waste from the field continues to accumulate, and the hope that the waste has economic value or can be reused is the rationale for solid waste research studies to be used as primary material for road asphalt. In this study, we will explain the stages of the study of the use of laboratory-scale solid waste using Marshall testing and the 3rd Revision of 2010 Bina Marga on solid waste, with 48.01% still containing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and the rest in the form of mineral and metal sediments based on the results of XRD, XRF and AAS tests. Solid waste with a density specification of 0.92 and Pour Point 1700 C is scenarioed to be the primary material for making road asphalt mixed with aggregate. It has succeeded in achieving an initial setting time of less than 5 minutes- it is just that the sample aggregate has a Compressive Strength of 0.25 MPa. Keywords: Oil solid waste, ARPS, asphalt roads, Marshall, 3rd Revision of 2010 Bina Marga Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Erdila Indriani)

15	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-17
The Evaluation of Squeeze Cementing Operations Using the Double Stage Method in Well X The Rokan Block Field Ikhsan Manikam(a), Purnomosidi (a*) a) Oil and Gas Production Engineering, Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada No. 38, Cepu, Blora, Central Java, 58315, Indonesia *tm12297054[at]gmail.com Abstract This research was conducted by collecting relevant well data and performing data processing which includes cement design calculations. The cementing procedure planning process is carried out by considering factors such as the characteristics of the reservoir formation, operational objectives, and existing technical constraints. In addition, the selection of the right cement composition is also carried out through laboratory tests to ensure the optimal quality of the cement mixture. The cement slurry design uses two design options, namely the Halliburton design and the Dowell design with double stages. The evaluation showed that Stage 1 (3502-3714 ft interval) requires a total of 18.67 Bbls of slurry or 68 Sacks of cement. Meanwhile, Stage 2 (3206-3366 ft interval) requires a total of 18.67 Bbls of slurry or 68 Sacks of cement. The operation must be carried out with a maximum squeeze pressure at stage 1 of 1149 psi and stage 2 of 1081 psi to ensure the success of the squeeze cementing operation. Keywords: Squeeze Cementing, Semen Slurry, Double Stage Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Purnomosidi Purnomosidi)

16	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-19
The Pressure Drop Analysis From Wellhead to Demister At PT. Geodipa Energy Unit Patuha Henk Subekti (a*), Muhammad Ringga Dhani (a) a) Oil and Gas Production Engineering, Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada No. 38, Cepu, Blora, Central Java, 58315, Indonesia *henk.subekti[at]esdm.go.id Abstract The pressure drop in the geothermal fluid conveyance from the production well to the geothermal power plant (PLTP) is a common issue in geothermal fields. Parameters that influence the pressure loss from the wellpad to the demister include friction, mass flow rate, inside diameter, vapor fraction, and pipe length. This study aims to determine the pressure drop values from the wellpad to the demister and compare the actual data with calculated data using the Darcy Weisbach correlation method. The pressure drop values obtained for well PPL 1-5 are 0.226 bara (actual) and 0.208 bara (simulation), while for well PPL 4-2, they are 0.306 bara and 0.321 bara (simulation). Error-values from calculations using the Darcy Weisbach correlation method are also determined. The error in pressure drop calculation for wells PPL 1-5 and PPL 4-2 is below 10%, which is considered valid. It can be hypothesized that factors such as pipe length, mass flow, inside diameter, pipe roughness, elevation, fluid viscosity, fittings, elbows, and flow regime contribute to the observed error. The pressure drop calculation also produces a turbine inlet power value, which becomes an indicator of the capacity produced by PLTP. Keywords: Darcy Weisbach, Demister, Friction Factor, Pressure Drop Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Henk Subekti)

17	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-21
ANALYSIS OF SURFACTANT INJECTION MES PALM OIL TO INCREASE RECOVERY FACTOR USING SIMULATION RESERVOIR METHOD Muh Fachrul Zulfikar Mahanggi, Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin, Marmora titi Malinda, Hari Karyadi Oetomo FACULTY OF EARTH TECHNOLOGY AND ENERGY, TRISAKTI UNIVERSITY, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Keywords: Enhanced Oil Recovery, Computer Modelling Group, Original Oil In Place, Recovery factor, Surfactant Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muh Fachrul Zulfikar Mahanggi)

18	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-26
Sensitivity Analysis of Sand Pump/Bailer to Overcome the Sand Problem in the Well KWG-PXX at PT. Pertamina EP Field Cepu Jose Antonio Araujo da Costa (a), Gerry Sasanti Nirmala (a*), Diyah Rosiani (a) a) Oil and Gas Production Engineering, Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah Mada No. 38, Cepu, Blora, Central Java, 58315, Indonesia *gerry.nirmala[at]gmail.com Abstract The well KWG-PXX in the Cepu Field is an oil well that uses the artificial lift production method namely Sucker Rod Pump (SRP). It has sand problems during production. Sand control with a sand pump (bailer) is a passive approach that can be applied with small sand production and well maintenance is economically feasible. The sand bailing out method with a sand pump is a process of removing the sand contained in the well, well formation, and casing. This pump is a barrel connected to tubing and inserted into the wellbore using tubing or wireline. Based on calculations, it was found that the sand pump capacity required to clean the wellbore from sand to open perforations was 7641.12 cm3 or 7.64 L. After the well service was carried out, there was an increase in the Productivity Index (PI), from 0.49 bpd/psi to 0.65 bpd/psi. The production rate increased from 389.41 bfpd to 504,824 bfpd. So technically, overcoming the sand problem with a sand pump can be said to be successful because the well can be produced again. Keywords: Artificial Lift, Sand Problem, Sandpump, Well Service Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gerry Sasanti Nirmala)

19	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-27
The Comparison of Gas Hydrates Formation Prediction Methods in Well Testing Barge Khairul Ansar (a), Diyah Rosiani (a*) a) Oil and Gas Production Engineering, Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Cepu, Indonesia *diyahrosiani[at]gmail.com Abstract Keywords: Gas Hydrates, Flowline, Well Testing Barge Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Diyah Rosiani)

20	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-32
Investigation of Proppant Particle Size and Shape for Quartz Sandstone Using Image Processing Techniques Arif Rahutama (a*), Bagus Haryono(a), Novan Akhiriyanto (b), Yohanes Gunawan (c), Umi Yuliatin (b), Rendy Bagus Pratama (d) a) Program Studi Teknik Produksi, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas Jl. Gajah Mada No.38,Cepu, Blora, Jawa Tengah 58315 *arif.rahutama[at]esdm.go.id b) Program Studi Teknik Instrumentasi Kilang, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas c) Program Studi Teknik Mesin Kilang, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas d) Program Studi Logistik, Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas Abstract Proppant hydraulic fracturing, also known as hydraulic fracturing or fracking, is a widely utilized technique in the extraction of oil and natural gas from unconventional reservoirs such as shale formations. This process involves injecting a high-pressure fluid mixture, typically water, sand, and chemicals, into underground rock formations to create fractures. The proppant, usually sand or ceramic beads, is carried by the fluid into the fractures, holding them open once the pressure is released. This allows the hydrocarbons to flow more freely to the wellbore, enhancing extraction rates. Proppants used in hydraulic fracturing often originate from quartz sand due to its abundance, affordability, and favorable physical properties. Quartz sand, also known as silica sand, is composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and is characterized by its high crush resistance, roundness, and uniform grain size distribution. Characterization of quartz sandstone for proppant involves several steps and methods to determine its suitability for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. Some key aspects of characterization include: Grain size analysis- Crush resistance testing- Particle shape analysis- Density and specific gravity- Chemical composition- and Porosity and permeability. The size and distribution of proppant particles, as well as their roundness and sphericity, play a significant role in determining the proppant^s permeability and its ability to prop open the fractures created during hydraulic fracturing treatments. The accurate selection of proppant types and sizes is essential, as it directly impacts the size of the fractures that propagate and the overall effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing process. This paper explores the use of image processing techniques for sand analysis, focusing on particle size distribution, roundness, and sphericity measurements. By utilizing digital images captured through microscopy or specialized imaging equipment, image processing algorithms can automate the analysis process, providing accurate and objective measurements of sand particles. The sample used to carry out image processing tests was using quartz sandstone from the Ngrayong Formation in the East Java Basin. Keywords: Proppant, Hydraulic Fracking, Unconventional Reservoir, Ngrayong Formation, Image Processing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arif Rahutama)

21	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-54
Drilling Effectively in Target Zone with Smart Alert System to Reduce Non-Productive Time in Geosteering Operations Yustian Ekky Rahanjani, Budhi Nugraha Petrolink Abstract This paper is focused with a collaboration of smart alert system and prediction of geological boundaries which help enhancing the decision making while drilling in target zone in geosteering operations. Monitoring multiple wells in a high operational condition has become a big challenge for geosteering operations. An integrated smart system that produces an alert when the well deviates from target zone while drilling was a solution which improve operations efficiency. Real time data is processed by the algorithms and outputs the predicted recommendation if adjustment in inclination is required to keep the best contact with the reservoir. The real-time data is processed through the integrated alert system by a set of algorithms to recognize the conditions when the drill-bit goes out of the reservoir based on Logging While Drilling (LWD) characteristics. This improvement equips a complete workflow of geosteering operations where it involves comprehensive understanding of real-time data infrastructure, log formats and data processing, and effective communication between geologist and petrophysicist about the reservoir criteria. We are convinced this solution increases the efficiency to take the advantage of the geosteering operations and inspire others to pursue the benefit of real time data and its analytical capability. Keywords: Geosteering, Alert, Real-Time Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (YUSTIAN EKKY RAHANJANI)

22	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-64
THE EFFECT OF BARIUM SULFATE ON RHEOLOGY AND RESIDUE OF WATER PRODUCTION BASED FRACTURING FLUID Dedi Kristanto, Dewi Asmorowati, Rasyid Tegar Pambudi UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is commonly practiced worldwide in the oil and gas industry to enhance production, particularly in wells with low permeability or formation damage around the wellbore. The design of fracturing fluids used in hydraulic fracturing primarily consists of water. However, using water as the main component presents challenges, especially in remote locations with limited access to clean water, and when clean water is available, it can be expensive. Therefore, research has been developed to create fracturing fluids using formation water obtained from the field, supplemented with synthetic brines. The research methodology involved creating fracturing fluids with various compositions: distilled water (aquadest), aquadest with 200 ppm barium ion content, aquadest with 300 ppm barium ion content, and formation water from the RTP field. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid samples was measured, heated until breakdown, and the amount of residue was quantified. The analysis revealed that fracturing fluid samples with higher barium ion content had lower viscosity and higher residue. Additionally, samples with higher barium ion content exhibited lower proppant transportability under high temperature and pressure compared to those with lower barium ion content. Keywords: fracturing fluid, polymer, barium, viscosity, residue Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dewi Asmorowati)

23	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-65
WATER-BASED MUD DESIGN TO HANDLE TROUBLESOME FORMATION IN X FIELD Usulludin Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universitas Pertamina Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Abstract This research is about the design of drilling mud on the surface and intermediate section of the X Field to determine the drilling mud system and additive composition that is good for dealing with existing formation problems. The method used is laboratory testing. The results show that the designed drilling mud can meet the specifications required for further drilling in the development of the X Field. The additive composition of the drilling fluid is 284.48 cc of water, 0.09 cc of biocide, 0.25 gr Na2CO3, 8 gr Bentonite, 6 gr Starch, 0.75 gr Xanthan Gum, 10.7 gr 3% KCL, 58 gr CaCO3, 65 gr Barite, 0.15 gr NaOH, 10 grams of Micronized Organic Cellulose Fiber, 5 grams of Sulfonated Asphalt. Barite is 65 grams for the surface section and 85 grams for the intermediate section because of the depth difference. Keywords: drilling fluid, formation trouble, loss of circulation, shale sloughing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Usulludin Usulludin)

24	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-69
SCALE TENDENCY ANALYSIS ON WELL B-1 GBK FIELD WITH METHODS STIFF DAVIS AND SKILLMAN^S, MCDONALD & STIFF CALCULATIONS Jacob Johan Oil and Gas Production Engineering Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas, Jl. Gajah mada NO. 38, Cepu, Blora, Central Java, 58315, Indonesia Abstract In the surface production facilities area, problems that disrupt the distribution of crude oil are often encountered, typically caused by the formation of deposits (scale) along the distribution pipes (flowline). This scale is a solid formed by the crystallization and deposition of minerals from connate water (formation water) that is produced alongside oil and gas. The formation of scale can be predicted based on the ion content in connate water that forms components with limited solubility, or it can occur due to changes in connate water conditions such as pressure drop, temperature changes, or mixing of two types of water with incompatible mineral compositions. When scale forms in the pipes, it causes diameter narrowing and hinders fluid flow in the pipe system. This disturbance can increase temperature and pressure in the system, escalating the risk of pipe rupture and damage.This research utilizes scale samples from inside the crude oil distribution pipes (flowline) at the GBK well field owned by BASS OIL SUKANANTI LTD. The scale issues occurring in well B-1 are caused by pressure drops, temperature changes, and pH changes in formation water. This results in sudden changes in the composition of produced connate water, such as temperature, pressure, and formation water content, leading to the formation of carbonate and sulphate scales. The methods used to analyze scale growth are the Stiff Davis method to determine carbonate scale saturation index and the Skillman, McDonald, Stiff method to determine sulphate scale saturation index. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to addressing and optimizing scale problems and their prevention in the oil and gas industry using appropriate scale inhibitors. Keywords: Crude Oil, Flowline, Saturation, Scale Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jacob Johan)

25	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-94
Analysis of Reservoir Fluid Modeling Using Simulation Software on Laboratory Samples from Field X Pradini Rahalintar, Gerry Sasanti, Rosda Agustina La Ambo Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral Akamigas Abstract PVT analysis is the study of fluid volume changes due to pressure at a certain temperature. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the phase behavior and properties of reservoir fluids, both at surface and reservoir conditions. This PVT analysis is conducted using a software with a compositional simulator for detailed simulation, solving the fluid state equations and calculating the interphase fluid properties. In this study, a Black Oil Model simulation was performed on PVT data from laboratory analysis on samples from Field X to evaluate its capability and accuracy compared to a compositional simulator using various models and scenarios. All reservoir characteristics were kept constant to observe the PVT properties of the fluid in the Black Oil model and Peng-Robinson fluid characterization in the Compositional Simulator. Subsequently, alignment between experimental and simulation data was performed, followed by a comparison of both. The results showed discrepancies between the experimental and simulation data. This was due to the experimental data being regressed so that the model could accurately represent the PVT model using the EOS Peng-Robinson method. Keywords: Reservoir fluids, PVT analysis, simulation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pradini Rahalintar)

26	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-95
Study Utilization CMC Tamarind Seeds for Filtration Loss and Mud Cake in Drilling Mud Idham Khalid (1),Julastri Mansyah (2), Novrianti (3),Owwen Tri Handoko (4) 1,2,3,4 Universitas Islam Riau Abstract Filtration loss and mud cake causes some problems in drilling performance of oil and gas wells. The additive used to overcome filtration loss and mud cake are carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). This additive is a type of chemical that is quite widely used, so research was carried out to obtain new additive materials, one of which was CMC from tamarind seeds with a polysaccharide content of 50% - 60%. Filtration loss and mud cake experimental test in this research are used filter press tool. The concentration of tamarind seeds are 2 gr, 4 gr, 6 gr, 8 gr and 10 gr. The result show filtration loss values is 10.4 - 7.5 ml/30 minutes and mud cake obtained values ranging from 0.35 - 1.2 mm. The more CMC mass of tamarind seeds is added, the filtrate volume value obtained from filtration loss will decrease because the mud is thickeru Can Edit It Again Later Keywords: Tamarind seeds, filtration loss, mud cake, drilling mud Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Novrianti Jaharuddin)

27	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-96
Comparative analysis of the effect of rambutan binjai, rambutan nona, mangosteen peel, extracts on scale tubing Novrianti(1), Taufiq Hidayat (2), Neneng Anjarwati (3), Owwen Tri Handoko(4) 1,2,3,4 Prodi Teknik Perminyakan, Fakultas TeknikUniversitas Islam Riau Jalan Kaharuddin Nst no 113 Pekanbaru Abstract Scale occurs due to the incompatibility of fluid mixtures, changes in pressure, temperature, and pH. It is generally formed around perforations, subsurface equipment such as tubing, and production equipment on the surface, such as wellheads and flowlines. Currently, there are several studies developing organic acids as a solution to scale problems. This research will use organic acids, specifically extracts from rambutan binjai peel, rambutan nona peel and mangosteen peel using concentrations of 5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml in 20 ml of distilled water and variations in soaking time of 20 and 60 minutes . The results of testing for tannin compounds in the extracts of rambutan binjai peel, rambutan nona, and mangosteen peel using UV-vis spectrophotometry found 20.91% in rambutan binjai peel, 21.14% in rambutan nona, and 21.58% in mangosteen peel. Based on the research that has been done, it is known that the organic acids of the extracts of rambutan binjai, rambutan nona, and mangosteen peel have an effect on scale reduction. The reduction efficiency is best in mangosteen peel with a concentration of 15 ml in 60 minutes, namely 0.132 grams with a reduction percentage of 6.6%. Keywords: scale, rambutan binjai, rambutan nona, mangosteen peel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Novrianti Jaharuddin)

28	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-97
Minifract test analysis from a case study in the Oligocen formation Truong Nguyen Huu Petrovietnam University Abstract The minifrac test also called DFIT (Diagnostic fracture injection test) supports a method to determine some important parameters such as fracture efficiency, fracture closure pressure, fluid leak coefficient, and fracture geometry before conducting the main hydraulic fracture treatment design, such as pad volume and slurry volume. In reality, there are some factors including formation properties such as porosity of formation, permeability of formation, total compressibility of formation, and frac-fluid rheology, fluid volume, and injection rate that affect the results of Mini fracture test. The method injected with small volumes of frac fluid with low viscosity such as linear gel, slick water into the formation to propagate fracture dimensions for creating small fracture volumes such as fracture height, fracture length, and fracture width. Since the injection is stopped, the pressure drops or fall-off is carried out to monitor. The surface pressure or the bottom hole pressure is decreased because these pressures depend on the leakage of fluid through the surface fracture area, and then the leakage coefficient, fracture efficiency, fracture geometries, closure pressure, and spurt loss have been determined by Nolte^s G function, log-log plot, or square root of time analysis. This paper presents the methodology for analyzing pressure decline to obtain crucial factors and then applies a case study to the Oligocene formation in the White Tiger field, and presents the effects of rheological properties of facturing fluid, wall building coefficient on Minifrac test results. Before conducting a Mini fracture test simulation, linear gel is tested in the laboratory by low pressure low temperature (LPLT) filtration to achieve the wall building coefficient. Keywords: Minifrac, Oligocen formation, Pressure decline analysis, fracture geometry, leak-off coefficient Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Truong Huu Nguyen)

29	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-103
Optimization of Fracture geometry: A case study in the Oligocene formation, White Tiger field Nguyen Huu Truong Petrovietnam University Abstract Many hydraulic fracturing treatments have been carried out for producer wells selection with low permeable formation in the primeval sedimentary of the White Tiger field to increase the permeability of the reservoir and increase the fracture conductivity, leading to increase the productivity index. Several treatments recorded a higher fracture growth in comparison with the effective reservoir thickness, resulting in poor proppant distribution within the fractured reservoir, and shorter propped length, narrower propped width, resulting in poorer propped fracture conductivity. In this study, the optimally designed the optimal propped length and propped width using Unified fracture design (UFD) in combination with symmetrical fracture height evolution with a pseudo three-dimension model (p-3D) for three-layered formation under the constraint of maximum proppant distribution per unit fracture area created, or optimum dimensionless productivity index for the low permeability reservoir. Results for a single well production fracturing case in the upper Oligocene formation have been obtained, using such fracture height migration of 154.1 ft, pay zone thickness of 120 ft, propped fracture half-length of 343 ft, propped fracture width of 0.19 in, propped fracture conductivity of 790 mD.ft, the highest percentage of proppant placed in the pay at 77.87 % by 155,743 lbs of proppant size 16/30 of Sintered Ball Bauxite (SBB), propped mass used 200,000 lbs. Keywords: Unified fracture design, equilibrium fracture height migration, insitu stress, treating pressure Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Truong Huu Nguyen)

30	Engineering of Drilling, Production, and production surface and facility	ABS-111
COMPARISON BETWEEN PALM KERNEL SHELL AND PALM FIBER VERSUS COCONUT FIBER AS LCM WITH EXPERIMENTAL AND LITERATURE STUDY APPROACH 1. Kusumawardhani, Danaparamita 2. Triatmojo, Trijana 3. Setiati, Rini 4. Nugrahanti, Asri 1Dept. of Master Petroleum Engineering, Univesitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Dept. of Master Petroleum Engineering, Univesitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Dept. of Master Petroleum Engineering, Univesitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 4 Dept. of Master Petroleum Engineering, Univesitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Lost Circulation Materials (LCMs) are specifically designed to be non-destructive to the formation being penetrated when addressing loss circulation issues and are highly effective in drilling operations around the world. Optimizing the LCM composition can effectively stop loss circulation and protect the production zone from liquid and solid invasion. The concentration of lost circulation materials (LCM) is a key parameter to determine the effectiveness of LCM. In this study, laboratory equipment such as hamilton beech mixer, fann vg meter and API filter press were used to evaluate the effectiveness of various LCMs in handling loss circulation. Palm kernel shell and palm fiber were used as LCMs at various concentrations. The rheological properties of the muds will be the basic parameters to be evaluated in this study. Tests will be conducted at 80oF. As a result, it is evident that at 80oF with a weight composition of 40 grams of palm kernel shell additive has a low mud loss of 32ml. Keywords: drilling, lost circulation materials, laboratory, palm kernel shell, palm fiber, mud loss. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Danaparamita Kusumawardhani)

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