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1	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-21
Diversity of Bamboo Clams (Solen) In Talang Siring Beach, Pamekasan, Madura Aida Fikriyah (a*), Bayu Sandika (b), Imroatun Nadifah (c) a) Natural Science Education, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jalan Raya Telang PO BOX 02, Kamal-Bangkalan, Indonesia *aida.fikriyah[at]trunojoyo.ac.id b) Biology Education, UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, Jalan Mataram No 1, Mangli, Jember, Indonesia c) Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Jalan Colombo No. 1, Sleman, Indonesia. Abstract Madura has geographical conditions with a relatively flat topography in the south and there is no difference in height towards the north. Madura and Java are also separated by the Madura Strait, resulting in the Madura region being surrounded by waters and affected on the biodiversity and ecosystem. One of beach in Pamekasan is Talang Siring, located in Montok village, Larangan district. Talang Siring has a beautiful view and diverse ecosystem. This study aimed at describe the diversity of bamboo clams or Solen in Talang Siring beach, Pamekasan, Madura. The sampling of Solen was carried out by hand sampling method using transect plot in intertidal zone of the beach. Furthermore, the diversity of Solen sp. were measured and analyzed using the formula of Shannon-Wiener index. Findings of the study indicated that the diversity index of Solen sp. was 0.5758 which means that the diversity is small and the community stability is low. Bamboo clams (Solen sp.) belong to Bivalves, that are included in one of the constituent molluscs of benthic communities in a body of water. The existence of Bivalves also plays an important role in the ecosystem, especially in the food chain cycle. According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the diversity of bamboo clams (Solen sp.) in Talang Siring beach Pamekasan, Madura is low. Furthermore, the value of H index of Solen sp found in Talang Siring beach is small, then it also can be assumed that its diversity is still low. Keywords: Bivalve- Diversity- Solen- Talang Siring Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aida Fikriyah)

2	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-27
PROFILE OF RESEARCH ASPECTS AND OBSERVATION SKILLS IN THE PLANT MORPHOLOGY MODULE IN HIGHER EDUCATION Silvia Nur Azizah (a*), Muzazzinah (a), Sri Widoretno (a) a) Biology Education Department, Sebelas Maret University . Jalan Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126 *silviaaazizah[at]gmail.com Abstract Observational skills are fundamental to thinking skills and developing other science process skills. This research aims to measure observational skills, which are part of the research aspects of various plant morphology modules used in higher education. The study is a descriptive qualitative research with a reduced number of indicators, totaling 415. The research procedure involved creating indicators of interaction between observational skills and research aspects to analyze the content and context of the modules. The analysis showed that: 1) the lowest percentage of interaction was found in ECI, ECO, ERI, ERO, and CAI, with an average of 0.00%, meaning no interaction occurred- 2) the highest interaction was FGN, with an average of 1.45%. Overall, the interaction between observational skills and research aspects within the plant morphology material has not been developed to its full potential. Therefore, it is necessary to develop plant morphology teaching materials based on observational skills and research aspects. Keywords: observation skills- research aspects- Plant morphological material Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Silvia Nur Azizah)

3	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-39
Malatgao integrated watershed management based on water availability assessment Maricar Mahinay- Cris Edward Monjardin Mapua University Abstract Limited access to sufficient water resources hinders sustainable development, particularly in vulnerable regions. Integrated Watershed Management (IWM) is essential for ensuring water security by coordinating land, water, and other natural resources. A key challenge is the lack of accurate hydrological data. This study analyzes water availability in the Malatgao River in Palawan, Philippines, to support IWM strategies. Specifically, it aims to estimate missing streamflow data, characterize the river^s flow regime, propose suitable management strategies, and validate them through stakeholder engagement. Random Forest regression was used to impute missing streamflow values, followed by creating Flow Duration Curve (FDC), expert consultations, and surveys. The Random Forest model demonstrated good prediction performance (RMSE=0.97- MAE=0.9). Results revealed probable flash floods during high flows, though perennial storage supports sustained baseflow. Experts recommended nature-based solutions-reforestation and Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR), riparian buffers, streambank stabilization, and slope protection using coconut coir mats. Structural measures such as Sabo dams, dikes, and rainwater harvesting were also suggested. Soil and water conservation practices like contour plowing, terracing, Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) for irrigation were considered effective. Regulation of quarrying and slash-and-burn agriculture is also crucial. Broad stakeholder support implies strong potential for successful IWM implementation in the Malatgao Watershed Keywords: integrated watershed management- flow duration curve- random forest Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maricar Mahinay)

4	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-60
GC-MS Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics to Discriminate Syzygium aromaticum Varieties Zanzibar and Tuni from Indonesia in Clove Essential Oil as Antimicrobial Resistance Agent Imam Taufik (a- b), Rustini (c), Friardi Ismed (d), Deddi Prima Putra (d*) a) Doctoral Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas. Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, 25163, Indonesia, b) Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM RI) Regional Office in Ambon, Jl. Dr Kayadoe SK 20 Ambon, Maluku, 97116, Indonesia c) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas. Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, 25163, Indonesia d) Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas. Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, 25163, Indonesia, *email: putra_aries64[at]yahoo.com Abstract Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) or CEO in Indonesia has traditionally been antibacterial. Their marker compound content must be identified to ensure the authenticity and efficacy of herbal medicine raw materials. The CEO with clove content from Zanzibar and Tuni varieties has similar organoleptic properties. A GC-MS fingerprinting method combined with chemometrics can be developed to differentiate these two varieties. The CEO is predicted to have properties as an antimicrobial resistance agent. This study investigates the differences between clove-containing CEOs of the Zanzibar and Tuni varieties. Anti-MRSA prediction was carried out by molecular docking the CEO compounds to the target protein Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a (PBP-2a). Samples of clove leaves, stems, and buds from two different varieties were harvested from Maluku, Indonesia. Each sample was hydro-distilled and then analyzed by GC-MS. This study found that the CEO of the Zanzibar and Tuni varieties contained 14 compounds at different concentrations. The major compounds were caryophyllene, eugenol, and humulene. Principal component analysis was performed to differentiate between the two varieties. Discriminant analysis successfully differentiated the Zanzibar and Tuni varieties with a satisfactory model. Tau cadinol acetate, a minor compound of CEO, is more active than chloramphenicol as a control drug and has the potential to be an herbal drug candidate as an antimicrobial resistance agent by acting on the PBP-2a protein. In conclusion, the developed GC-MS fingerprint chemometrics combination technique can be used as a quality control to identify and discriminate between CEOs with clove content from the Zanzibar and Tuni varieties. As a recommendation, in vitro tests and preclinical trials need to be conducted to confirm anti-MRSA efficacy. Keywords: GC-MS Fingerprint- Chemometrics- Syzygium aromaticum- Different Varieties- Anti-MRSA Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imam Taufik)

5	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-66
Formulation of Cream Preparations from Watermelon Peel Extract (Citrilus vulgaris) and Lime Peel Extract (Citrus aurantifolia) Against Wound Healing in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Shintia Okta Anggraini, Harlita Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University. Abstract Incision wounds are damage to skin tissue caused by trauma from a sharp object, resulting in bleeding, blood clotting, bacterial contamination, a sympathetic stress response, and cell death. The use of herbal plants is an alternative treatment for incision wounds due to their minimal side effects. Watermelon and lime peels, which are considered organic waste, are known to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that can aid the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective cream formulation combining watermelon rind extract (Citrullus lanatus) and lime peel extract (Citrus aurantifolia) for treating incision wounds in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: control, F1 (25% watermelon rind extract and 75% lime peel extract), and F2 (75% watermelon rind extract and 25% lime peel extract). The extracts were prepared using the maceration method, and wound diameter measurements were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that both F1 and F2 formulations accelerated the healing of incision wounds compared to the control. There was no significant difference between F1 and F2, which may be due to the presence of flavonoid and tannin compounds known to promote wound healing. The average body weights of the control, F1, and F2 groups showed significant differences, possibly because F1 contains 70% orange extract, which has higher flavonoid content than F2 and the control. Flavonoid compounds can enhance the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone, leading to weight gain. Keywords: Formulation, incision wound, lime peel, watermelon peel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shintia Okta Anggraini)

6	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-69
Differences in Science Literacy Skills Using Problem-Based Learning and Discovery Learning Models in Reproductive System Materialhis Sample Abstract Aisya Rahma Kamila, Harlita, Yudi Rinanto Departement of Biology Education, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia Abstract This study investigates the difference in students science literacy abilities on the topic of the reproductive system using two instructional models : Problem-based learning (PBL) and discovery learning (DL). The research applies a quasi-experimental design with two experimental classes. Participants were 11th-grade students at SMAN 1 Tangen, selected through cluster random sampling. Research instruments included pretests and posttests to measure science literacy skills, along with a questionnaire to assess students attitudes toward science. The findings indicate an improvement in science literacy in both groups following the implementation of the learning models. However, the improvement in the DL group was notably higher compared to the PBL group. The DL class showed an average pretest-posttest score difference of 10.76, whereas the PBL class showed only 1.76. Statistical analysis using an independent sample t-test revealed a significant difference in science literacy outcomes between the two groups. Based on these results, it is evident that the discovery learning model leads to better enhancement of science literacy compared to the Problem-based learning model. The study concludes that the choice of instructional model has a measurable impact on students science literacy, with discovery learning proving to be more effective in the context of reproductive system material. Keywords: discovery learning- learning models- problem-based learning- reproductive system- science litracy. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aisya Rahma Kamila)

7	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-71
Students^ Critcal Thinking Skills on Integrated Model PBL-POE in Environtmental Pollution Material Firda Aulia Sabrihana, Yudi Rinanto, Umi Fatmawati Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract The critical thinking skills of students in Indonesia remain low, as shown by both national and international studies. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has proven effective in improving these skills. However, it lacks a prediction activity within its syntax, which is essential for supporting the investigative process. The Problem Based Learning-Predict, Observe, Explain (PBL-POE) model was developed to complement PBL^s structure. This study aims to determine the differences in students^ critical thinking skills between the PBL and PBL-POE models and examine the achievement of critical thinking indicators under each model. This research is a quantitative quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Data were collected through pretests and posttests to measure students critical thinking skills. Data analysis used descriptive statistics to describe students^ critical thinking and inferential statistics to test hypotheses. Hypothesis testing was conducted using Ancova, preceded by prerequisite tests including normality, homogeneity, and linearity tests. The results showed a significant difference in critical thinking skills between the PBL and PBL-POE groups (sig. = 0.000). The PBL-POE group achieved a higher average posttest score (73.89) compared to the PBL group (63.50). The PBL-POE model consistently outperformed the PBL model across critical thinking indicators such as interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, and explanation, while both models showed equal results on the self-regulation indicator. The PBL-POE model demonstrated higher average outcomes and indicator achievements than the PBL model, indicating that PBL-POE can serve as an innovative solution for enhancing critical thinking skills in learning. Keywords: Critical Thinking Skills, Problem Based Learning (PBL), Problem Based Learning-Predict, Observe, Explain (PBL-POE) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Firda Aulia Sabrihana)

8	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-73
Measurement of Learning Skills in Achieving Learning Objectives through Discovery Learning, STAD, SSCS, and PjBL Models Khansa Qonita Nabila, Sri Widoretno, Dr. Ir. Yudi Rinanto, M.P School of Biology Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jalan Ir. Sutami, No. 36, Kentingan, Jebres, Kec. Jebres, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah 57126, Indonesia Abstract Learning skills are abilities acquired through the learning process. This study aims to analyze the achievement levels and scores of learning skills by implementing Discovery Learning, Student Team Achievement Division (STAD), Search Solve Create and Share (SSCS), and Project-Based Learning (PjBL) models to achieve learning objectives. The research design employed was a descriptive case study. The sample was determined using cluster random sampling based on cognitive ability similarity, which was tested using a paired F-test. The research instruments consisted of teaching modules and a learning skills assessment rubric validated using the Rasch model. The research data included achievement levels and learning skills scores obtained from student worksheets (LKPD). Learning skills were analyzed based on two main indicators: self-awareness as a learner and mastery as well as the application of practical strategies. Each indicator of learning skills consisted of three focus areas. The results indicated that learning skills scores for the indicators of self-awareness as a learner (01) and mastery and application of practical strategies (02) varied according to the learning objectives and the model applied. Keywords: learning skills, learning process, learning model, student worksheet, observation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Khansa Qonita Nabila)

9	Biology and Biology Education	ABS-74
Citizen Science in Biology Education: Ten-Year Global Trends from a Systematic Review Via Aini1, Topik Hidayat2, Kusnadi3, Lilit Rusyati4 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Abstract This research has the purpose to analyze the trends in Citizen Science Project research in biology education worldwide over the past 10 years. In this analysis, the authors will identify various Citizen Science projects conducted in the field of biology education, seek patterns, and research trends in the use of CSP. The research method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of national and international journals within the range of 2015 to 2025 that are relevant to the Implementation of Biology Education using the Citizen Science Project approach. The research outcomes indicate that the most frequently researched subjects are high school and junior high school students, while elementary school students and scientists are rarely studied subjects. The biology topic most frequently used is biodiversity. Meanwhile, the least utilized topics are cells, followed by environmental changes and weather changes. There is still a lot of potential for Citizen Science Project research in other biology-related topics. Development research, pre-experimental, and survey are the most dominant research methods used by researchers. There is still an opportunity for CSP research if one wishes to implement classroom action research (CAR) and evaluation research. Keywords: Citizen Science Project, Education, Biology Education, Systematic Literature Review. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Via Aini)

10	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-15
Biomassed-Derived Carbon Dots (CDots) as Photodegradation Agents for Styrene Monomer Microplastics Lina Mahardiani (a*), Denanda Nazlah Khairunnisa (a) a) Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36, Jebres, Surakarta 57126, Insonesia *mahardiani.lina[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract This study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of biomass-derived carbon dots (CDots) from coffee husk waste, doped with nitrogen (PEI) and chlorine (NaOCl), as environmentally friendly pgotocatalysts for the degradation of styrene, a toxic and persistent monomer from polystyrene microplastics. The CDots were synthesized using a hydrothermal method at 180 degree celsius for 14 hours. Characterization revealed that the resulting CDots possessed a narrow particle size distribution (1-3 nm- PDI= 0.041) and high fluorescence intensity (454.644 a.u) with an emmision peak at 467 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the incorporation of -OH/N-H, aromatic C=C, and C-Cl functional groups, indicating successful surface doping. Photodegradation experiments under 300 W xenon light irradiation for 24 hours showed that the CDots could effectively degrade styrene into styrene oxide and acetic acid, as verified by UV-Vis spectoscopy and HPLC analysis. These result highlight the potential of biomass-based CDots as green photocatalytic agents for adressing organic micropollutants in aquatic environments. Keywords: Carbon nano dots- coffee husk- microplastic- styrene- photodegradation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Denanda Nazlah Khairunnisa)

11	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-20
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Fe3O4/Cdots for Rhodamine B Degradation: Variation of Scavenger Types Lina Mahardiani (a*), Dwi Safitri (a) Chemistry Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, 57126, Indonesia Abstract This research aims to: (1) determine the synthesis process of Cdots, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4/Cdots as photocatalysts- (2) determine the characteristics of Cdots, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4/Cdots- and (3) analyze the effect of different scavengers on the photocatalytic reaction of Cdots, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4/Cdots on Rhodamine B dye. The research was conducted by experimental method in the laboratory with the following steps: (1) preparation of crude extract from ruku-ruku leaves- (2) green synthesis of Fe3O4- (3) green synthesis of Cdots- (4) preparation of Fe3O4/Cdots- (5) characterization- (6) photocatalytic application on Rhodamine B. The results showed that: (1) Cdots, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4/Cdots were successfully synthesized. Fe3O4 was synthesized with the precusors of crude extract of ruku-ruku leaves, FeCl3&#8901-6H2O, and FeSO4&#8901-7H2O, resulting in a brown color and magnetic properties. Cdots were successfully synthesized with precursors of pineapple peel filtrate, ethanol and demineralized water, yielding a yellowish-brown solution. Fe3O4/Cdots were synthesized by combining Cdots with Fe3O4 through an ultrasonic method, resulting in a brown powder. (2) The crystallinity degrees of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/Cdots were 66.69% and 68.91%, with crystal sizes of 70.90 and 67.67 nm. The surface areas were 49.26 and 51.62 m2/g, and the band gaps were 1.84 and 1.86 eV. Based on SEM images, Fe3O4 has irregular morphology with agglomeration and rough surface, while Fe3O4/Cdots displayed a smoother surface and a more uniform distribution of smaller particles. (3) The addition of H2O2 to Cdots, Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/Cdots photocatalysts resulted in percent degradation of 50.85%, 94.48% and 87.06% at 10 ppm RhB concentration and 120 min contact time. (4) From the regeneration results of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/Cdots the percent degradation at the 5th regeneration was 75.07% and 59.72%. Therefore, Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/Cdots are effective for reuse. Keywords: Photocatalytic, Cdots, Fe3O4, Fe3O4/Cdots, Rhodamine B Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (DWI SAFITRI)

12	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-25
Optimizing Chemical Compound Analysis Courses: Strategies Overcome Obstacles of Problem-Solving Barriers Using the Moodle Multiple Representation Approach Try Hartiningsih (a*), Aida Fikriyah (b), Dina Fatin Nafisah (c) a,b,c) Science Education, University of Trunojoyo Madura Jalan Raya Telang PO BOX 2 Kamal, Bangkalan Jawa Timur 69162 *try.hartiningsih[at]trunojoyo.ac.id Abstract Chemical compound analysis courses involve three levels of representation: macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic. Students often struggle to solve problems in these courses due to the abstract and complex concepts. In this context, teachers play a crucial role as facilitators. However, teachers often encounter various challenges in implementing this multiple representation approach. This study aimed to analyze the difficulty of problem-solving in chemical compound analysis courses using the multiple representation approach using Moodle. Data were obtained through observations and questionnaires distributed to 50 students taking the chemical compound analysis course. A total of 10 descriptive problem-solving questions were distributed offline. Based on the results of the questionnaire analysis, it was found that learning outcomes in the chemical compound analysis course were quite good. In this study, teachers tended to focus more on the macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic representation approaches in chemical compound analysis courses. Keywords: Chemical compound analysis- muultiple representation- problem solving Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Try Hartiningsih)

13	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-41
Identifying And Evaluating Students^ Analytical Thinking Skills In Chemistry Learning Budi Utami, Sulistyo Saputro, Mohammad Masykuri Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Abstract In the 21st century, skills such as Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking and Problem Solving and Creativity and Innovation (known as 4 C) are very important for students. According to Facione, critical thinking skills consist of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation and self regulation. This study aims to evaluate students^ analytical thinking skills in Chemical Equilibrium material during chemistry lessons and determine the suitability of the items of performance assessment in measuring students^ analytical thinking skills. A quantitative descriptive method was used and data analysis was carried out using the RASCH model. The participants of this study were grade XI science students in one of the high schools in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the easiest and most difficult analytical thinking skills were based on conclusion and judgment. Therefore, appropriate learning models are needed to improve students^ analytical thinking skills. Furthermore, based on the results of the analysis using the RASCH model, it was seen that measurement for each item on the rubric of performance assessment is in the good category and can be used to measure students^ analytical thinking skills. Keywords: analytical thinking skills, performance assessment, chemistry learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Budi Utami)

14	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-43
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Pyrazine-substituted Fluorobenzylamine Derivatives Shakira Maharani Putri- Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati- Puput Dyah Nur Safitri- Elfi Susanti VH- Sri Retno Dwi Ariani- Muhammad Hizbul Wathon Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Abstract Pyrazines and their derivatives are known to have broad biological activity, one of which is as antibacterials. Meanwhile, benzylamine is also known to have similar activity. In fluorobenzylamine, the highly electronegative and small fluoro substituent has the potential to increase metabolic stability, control the distribution of aromatic ring electrons, and maintain the balance of polarity and lipophilicity. The combination of the two has the potential to produce compounds with higher affinity for biological targets, making the development of new derivatives very important. Although not much research has been done, fluorobenzylamine-substituted pyrazine derivatives have the potential to have stronger biological activity, especially as antibacterials. This study aimed to produce fluorobenzylamine-substituted pyrazine derivatives and find a more efficient and effective synthesis method. Two 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives were successfully synthesized, namely 3-amino-N-(3-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (1), and 3-amino-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide (2). The synthesis was carried out using conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, NMR (H and C), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with results that were consistent with and supported the proposed molecular structure. The results showed that the ultrasound-assisted synthesis yielded higher yields and shorter reaction times and temperatures compared to the conventional method. The yields obtained through the conventional method were 60.79% for compound (1) and 72.01% for compound (2), while the microwave-assisted synthesis yielded higher results than the conventional method. Keywords: ultrasound-assisted synthesis, pyrazine, fluorobenzilamina Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shakira Maharani Putri)

15	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-44
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Pyrazine-substituted Chlorinated-benzylamine Derivatives Celicarina Anwar- Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati- Dina Oktaviya Adi Putri- Elfi Susanti VH- Muhammad Hizbul Wathon Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Abstract Pyrazine and their derivatives are known to have broad biological activity, while chlorinated benzylamine has advantages due to its reactive amino group and stable chlorinated benzyl ring, which increases lipophilicity. Modification of pyrazine compounds with chlorinated benzylamine substituents has the potential to improve their chemical properties and biological activity, but this has not been widely explored. This study aims to synthesize chlorobenzylamine-substituted pyrazine derivatives and obtain a more optimal synthesis method. Three 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives have been successfully synthesized, namely 3-amino-N-(3-chlorobenzyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide (1), 3-amino-N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide (2), and 3-amino-N-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-pyrazine-2-carboxamide (3). The synthesis was carried out using two different methods, conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, NMR (1H and 13C), and HRMS. The FTIR results show characteristic C=O amide absorption at 1653 cm-1, N-H bands at 3392-3146 cm-1, and C-N amine at 1149 cm-1. The 1H-NMR data showed aromatic proton signals at 7.30-7.83 ppm, -CH2- signals at 4.42 ppm, and amide protons (-NH) at 7.53 ppm. The 13C-NMR spectrum confirmed the presence of carbonyl at 166 ppm, aromatic carbon at 125-155 ppm, and -CH2- at 41 ppm. HRMS data showed peaks with m/z [M+H]+ corresponding to compounds 1, 2, and 3. The microwave-assisted synthesis yielded higher yields and shorter reaction times and temperatures compared to the conventional method. The yields from the conventional method for compounds 1, 2, and 3 were 59.66%, 65.86%, and 58.76%, respectively, while those using the microwave-assisted synthesis were 78.67%, 92.29%, and 93.34%, respectively. This study confirms that the microwave-assisted synthesis is an efficient alternative for the synthesis of chlorobenzylamine-substituted pyrazine. Keywords: microwave-assisted synthesis, pyrazine, chlorobenzylamine Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Celicarina Anwar)

16	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-45
Microwave-assisted Synthesis of 3-Amino-N-(4-Chlorophenyl)Pyrazine-2-Carboxamide and 3-Amino-N-(4-Bromophenyl) Pyrazine-2-Carboxamide Imarotul Unsiyah,- Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowat-Endang Susilowati-Elfi Susanti Vh- Elvira Hermawati Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Abstract Pyrazine has broad biological activities, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory, and has been widely found as the basic framework of various drug. Meanwhile, aniline and its derivatives also exhibit diverse biological activities and show similar potential activities. The combination of these two structures has the potential to produce new compounds with stronger biological activities- however, the exploration of aniline-substituted pyrazine derivatives has not been widely conducted. This study aims to synthesize aniline-substituted pyrazine derivatives and obtain an effective synthesis method. Two aniline-substituted pyrazine derivatives were successfully synthesized In this study, namely 3-Amino-N-(4-Chlorophenyl) Pyrazine-2-Carboxamide (1) and 3-Amino-N-(4-Bromophenyl) Pyrazine-2-Carboxamide (2) from 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid as the starting material. The synthesis was carried out using conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 have been successfully determined based on FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C), and HRMS spectroscopy data. The FTIR spectrum shows the formation of amide groups through absorption at 1670-1674 cm-1 (C=O) and 3150-3320 cm-1 (N-H). The 1H NMR spectrum shows a characteristic signal of the amide proton at ~10.67ppm (bs), while the 13C NMR spectrum supports the presence of amide carbonyl at ~164.76 ppm. The HRMS spectrum obtained m/z [M+H]+ 251.0466, which corresponds to compound (1), and m/z [M+H]+ 294.9926, which corresponds to compound (2). These results indicate that the compounds have been successfully synthesized. The results show that the microwave-assisted synthesis provides higher yields and shorter reaction times and temperatures compared to the conventional method. The yields obtained through the conventional method for compounds (1) and (2) were 24.97% and 42.89%, respectively, while with microwave-assisted synthesis, they were 78.62% and 74.15%, respectively. Keywords: microwave-assisted synthesis, pyrazine, aniline Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imarotul Unsiyah)

17	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-54
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Quercetin as Bioreductor Elfi Susanti VH(1), Muhammad Hizbul Wathon (1,a), Lina Mahardiani (1), Rizka Widya Maharani(1) (1)Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 57126, Indonesia a)m.h.wathon[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract This study aimed to conduct a green synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using quercetin as a bioreductor. The synthesis of AgNPs was conducted by reacting quercetin (1 mM) and AgNO3 with various concentrations (0.1&#8239-mM, 1&#8239-mM, 5&#8239-mM, and 10&#8239-mM) at room temperature. The pH of the reaction was maintained at either pH 7 or 10 and the absorbance of AgNPs formation was monitored using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The formed AgNPs were characterised using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, Particle Size Analyser (PSA), and zeta potential analysis. The formation of AgNPs was observed at the maximum wavelength of 404 nm. Additionally, the FTIR spectra showed the presence of AgNPs at the wavelength number of 1625,82 cm-1, which shows the characteristic peak for AgNPs. The results showed that the most stable AgNPs were obtained using 5&#8239-mM AgNO&#8323- with pH 10, which produced particles with an average size of 23.21&#8239-nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.410, and a zeta potential of -30&#8239-mV. The AgNPs formed through this method were classified as nanoparticles with good stability. Further study on the biological activities of AgNPs still needs to be conducted Keywords: green synthesis, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), quercetin, bioreductor Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizka Widya Maharani)

18	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-56
Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Potentials of Zingiber officinale var. Elephant Ginger and Cinnamomum verum Essential Oils Incorporated into Chitosan-Velvet Bean Edible Film Sri Retno Dwi Ariani1*, Imelia Putri Salsabila1, Saskia Salsabila Angeli1, Endang Susilowati1, Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati1, & Ifah Munifah2 1Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java 57126, Indonesia 2Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Lombok 83352, Indonesia Abstract The aims of this study were to identify the chemical components of Zingiber officinale var. elephant ginger essential oil (ZEO) and Cinnamomum verum essential oil (CEO) using GC-MS method, to evaluate their antioxidant activity through DPPH assays, to assess their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and to examine their combination as antioxidant and antibacterial bioadditives in a chitosan-velvet bean edible film (CVF). GC-MS analysis identified citronellyl acetate (14.74%) as the predominant compound in ZEO and cinnamaldehyde (65.25%) in CEO. CEO exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 = 35.57 ppm) compared to ZEO (IC50 = 69.31 ppm). In terms of antibacterial activity, CEO produced larger inhibition zones against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (46.27 mm) and E. coli ATCC 25922 (30.37 mm), both classified as very strong, whereas ZEO exhibited only limited inhibition at 12.84 mm and 12.65 mm, respectively, corresponding to moderate activity. The most effective combination was obtained with the formulation containing 1.0% ZEO + 3.0% CEO, which significantly enhanced antioxidant activity (from 77.95 ppm to 28.39 ppm, shifting from strong to very strong). This formulation also substantially improved antibacterial performance, with inhibition zones increasing from 7.68 mm to 42.50 mm against S. aureus and from 7.38 mm to 34.22 mm against E. coli, corresponding to a shift from weak to very strong activity. Furthermore, the combination improved the film surface, yielding a relatively smooth structure with micropores and small aggregates. Overall, the findings highlighted the strong potential of ZEO and CEO combinations as bioadditives in edible film packaging to enhance antioxidant and antibacterial functions. Keywords: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Chitosan-Velvet Bean Edible Film, Cinnamomum verum, Zingiber officinale Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Retno Dwi Ariani)

19	Chemistry and Chemistry Education	ABS-59
Enhancing Joyful Learning through Digital Game Media: The Pre-service Chemistry Teachers^ Perspectives Putu Anindita Widhiya Putri (a*), Sri Yamtinah (a), Ari Syahidul Shidiq (a), Mohammad Masykuri (a), Agung Nugroho Catur Saputro (a), and Maria Ulfa (a) (a) Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia *putu.anindita[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract This pilot project investigates the perspectives of pre-service chemistry teachers on joyful learning through the integration of digital educational games in chemistry instruction. In the context of increasingly technology-driven classrooms and the learning preferences of digital-native students, the role of engaging, interactive tools in science education is more critical than ever. Previous systematic reviews identified five major categories of chemistry-related educational games that have been developed and evaluated for instructional purposes. However, the acceptance and readiness of future educators to adopt such tools remain underexplored. In this study, pre-service chemistry teachers were exposed to excerpts from five selected chemistry games, each paired with illustrative scenarios of classroom implementation. They then completed a revised perception questionnaire comprising 13 Likert-scale items, administered via Google Form. Participants were chemistry education students from Universitas Sebelas Maret in Indonesia. Preliminary findings indicate that most participants held favorable views regarding the use of digital games in chemistry learning. They highlighted benefits such as increased student engagement, improved motivation, and enhanced conceptual understanding. Importantly, participants recognized the potential of educational games to transform traditionally abstract and difficult chemistry content into more accessible and enjoyable learning experiences. This study underscores the urgent need to equip future educators with the skills and confidence to incorporate digital innovations into science teaching. It also contributes to the growing discourse on digital game-based learning as a viable pedagogical strategy. The results may inform future research, curriculum design, and policy decisions aimed at fostering more effective and joyful learning environments in chemistry education. Keywords: chemistry educational games- deep learning- digital learning media- joyful learning- teacher perception Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Putu Anindita Widhiya Putri)

20	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-5
AI (Artificial Intelligence) Based Adaptive Learning in Mathematics Learning: Opportunities & Challenges Hadi Prayitnoz(a), Imam Sujadi (b), Isnandar Slamet (c) , Farida Nurhasanah (d) Sebelas Maret University Mathematic Education Abstract Digital transformation in education has opened up significant opportunities to deliver more personalized, adaptive, and effective learning. One of the key innovations is the use of adaptive learning powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in mathematics education, which has long been perceived as difficult and challenging. This study aims to systematically evaluate the trends, opportunities, and challenges of implementing AI-based adaptive learning in mathematics education through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. A total of 25 scientific articles published between 2016 and 2024 were analyzed. The findings indicate a growing trend in the use of AI in adaptive learning, especially since 2018, with a dominance of experimental methods and a focus on learning outcomes, student motivation, and engagement. The main opportunities identified include improved academic performance, enhanced critical thinking skills, personalized learning styles, and sustainable independent learning. However, several challenges were also found, such as limited technological infrastructure, insufficient teacher readiness, digital inequality, and curriculum integration barriers. Thus, while AI-powered adaptive learning offers transformational potential in mathematics education, its success heavily depends on the readiness of the education system to provide adequate policy support, technological infrastructure, and teacher training. Keywords: Adaptive learning, Artificial Intelligence, Mathematics education, Intelligence tutoring system, Digital education Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hadi Prayitno)

21	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-6
Global Insights on Flipped Classroom in Mathematics: A Systematic Literature Review Astri Wiliastri Sumantr(a*), Sri Subanti (a), Budi Usodo(a), Farida Nurhasanah(a) a) Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia *astriwiliastri[at]student.uns.ac.id Abstract The adoption of flipped classroom models in mathematics education reflects a growing shift toward student-centered, collaborative, and technology-integrated learning environments. Given the inherent complexity of mathematics learning, which demands both conceptual mastery and active engagement, flipped classrooms have been increasingly explored as viable alternatives to traditional instruction. This systematic literature review analyzed 24 empirical studies published between 2020 and 2024, selected from an initial pool of 219 Scopus-indexed articles using the Publish or Perish (v8) tool and PRISMA screening framework. Thematic synthesis revealed a marked increase in research between 2021 and 2023, particularly from Spain, Indonesia, and Austria. These studies spanned multiple educational levels and employed diverse methodologies quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, and design-based approaches. The investigations covered a wide range of mathematical topics and consistently reported positive outcomes across cognitive (e.g., conceptual understanding, problem-solving), affective (e.g., motivation, engagement), metacognitive (e.g., self-regulation), and contextual (e.g., technological readiness, institutional support) domains. Nonetheless, persistent challenges such as disparities in digital access, instructional complexity, learner affective resistance, time management issues, and increased teacher workload were evident. Addressing these requires context-sensitive instructional designs, institutional support, reflective pedagogy, and psychosocial scaffolding. Overall, when systematically implemented and supported by responsive policies, flipped classrooms demonstrate transformative potential in fostering deeper, more autonomous, and equitable mathematics learning across educational settings. Keywords: Flipped classroom- Mathematics education- Research trends- Student-centered learning- Systematic literature review. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Astri Wiliastri Sumantri)

22	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-9
Trend on the use of card-game in mathematic classroom using ethnomatematics approach Evi Yunia Nugraheni Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract Ethnomathematics-based card media is an innovation in mathematics learning that integrates local cultural elements to create a more contextual and meaningful learning experience for students. This study aims to systematically examine the design, implementation, and impact of using ethnomathematics cards in mathematics learning. This study was conducted using a systematic literature review approach using the PRISMA protocol. Articles were searched through Google Scholar, and of the 636 articles found, 13 were selected based on inclusion criteria and academic quality. The results indicate that the media used included analog and digital cards, incorporating cultural elements such as traditional games, local foods, and traditional houses. This media is generally implemented at the elementary and junior high school levels. The use of ethnomathematics cards has proven effective in improving students^ understanding of mathematical concepts, numeracy skills, and learning motivation. Furthermore, this media also contributes to fostering a love for local culture. Thus, ethnomathematics cards have the potential to be an innovative and contextual learning tool, strengthening students^ cultural identity in the mathematics learning process. Keywords: ethnomathematics, card media, mathematics learning Keywords: ethnomathematics, card media, mathematics learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (EVI YUNIA NUGRAHENI)

23	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-11
Insight on MCM as Outdoor Mathematics Activities: A Systematic Literature Review Dina Wijayanti (a*), Farida Nurhasanah (a), Yuli Bangun Nursanti (a) a)Sebelas Maret University Jalan Insinyur Sutami Nomor 36A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 *dinawijayanti32[at]student.uns.ac.id Abstract The use of technology is important today and needs attention. One emerging technology is MathCityMap (MCM), which combines technology with mathematics learning. This study aimed to systematically examine the cognitive and affective skills that had been successfully enhanced, as well as the geographical distribution in the use of MCM. This research was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA method to filter the articles which were going to be analysed. The inclusion criteria consisted of empirical articles aligned with the research questions, published in scientific journals between 2020 and 2025. A total of 295 articles were retrieved from Scopus, ERIC, Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref, Google Scholar, and were assessed. After quality assessment, 25 articles were included in the analysis. From the analysis, it was found that the highest number of studies was conducted in 2024, indicating a growing interest in utilizing the MCM application. In Indonesia, most research was in Yogyakarta, while Germany had the most studies worldwide. Regarding the learning environments, more studies were conducted in school settings than in out-of-school settings, although the difference was not significant. Geometry was identified as the most frequently used topic in MCM-based learning. Finally, the findings of this study revealed that MCM was not merely a learning application, but a bridge between abstract mathematics and the real world, capable of stimulating student^s cognitive and affective abilities. Geographically, MCM was found to be well accepted across various regions and countries, suggesting its potential to become a new face of global mathematics education. Keywords: MathCityMap, Teknologi, Geometri, Kognitif, dan Afektif Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dina Wijayanti)

24	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-12
Dissecting Pop-Up Books In Math Education: A Systematic Literature Review Ankai Wahyuni Tanjung Handayani (a*), Mardiyana (a), Laila Fitriana (a), Farida Nurhasanah(a) a)Sebelas Maret University Jalan Insinyur Sutami Nomor 36A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 *ankaitanjung[at]student.uns.ac.id Abstract Mathematics learning is a crucial aspect of formal education as it plays a role in shaping logical, systematic, and critical thinking patterns. In reality, mathematics learning is still often considered abstract, monotonous, and difficult for students to understand. One innovative solution that can be applied in mathematics learning is the use of pop-up books. Pop-up books have the potential to present abstract material in a concrete, engaging, and enjoyable way. This research aims to systematically analyze the results of studies related to the use of pop-up books in mathematics learning through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA approach. The focus of this study is: (1) what materials in mathematics learning use pop-up books, (2) what levels of education use pop-up books in mathematics learning, (3) what research methods are used in the use of pop-up books in mathematics learning, (4) what is the purpose of using pop-up books in mathematics learning, (5) what are the research results related to the use of pop-up books in mathematics learning. The articles analyzed in this SLR research were published between 2016 and 2025 and obtained through the Scopus, Semantic Scholar, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the selection process, 23 articles met the established criteria. The results of the study indicate that pop-up books are widely used in geometry material, at the elementary and junior high school levels, with the research method used being mostly the development method. The use of pop-up books is as a learning medium, and the research results conclude that pop-up books have the potential to increase learning motivation, understanding of mathematical concepts, and mathematics learning outcomes. From all the research articles reviewed, no studies have been found regarding students^ active involvement in designing and creating pop-up books as part of the learning process. These findings present an opportunity for further research in the development of student creativity-based learning media. Keywords: Pop-up Book, Learning Media, Teaching Aids, Mathematics Education Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ankai Wahyuni Tanjung Handayani)

25	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-13
Digital Integration on Students^ Mathematical Reasoning Skills : A systematic literature review V. Ari Widyaningtyas (a*), Triyanto (a), Rubono Setiawan (a), Farida Nurhasanah (a) a) Sebelas Maret University Jalan Insinyur Sutami Nomor 36A Kentingan Surakarta 57126 *v.ari_widyaningtyas[at]student.uns.ac.id Abstract Rapidly developing digital technology has transformed the world of education, particularly in mathematics education. Digital integration in classroom learning processes offers opportunities and challenges in developing students^ mathematical reasoning abilities, but comprehensive understanding of its effects remains limited. This research is a literature review that aims to examine articles about the effect of digital integration on mathematical reasoning skills, including publication year, location, education level, mathematics topics, research methods, learning models, and instruments in mathematics learning. The articles reviewed are English-language articles published from 2016 to 2025 in the Scopus database and limited to 200 articles with keywords mathematical reasoning AND learning models AND technology and mathematical reasoning AND digital technology. Data collection was conducted by documenting all articles related to the effect of digital integration on mathematical reasoning skills in K-12 education. All obtained data are presented descriptively and quantitatively. The process of determining articles to be analyzed in this study uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) principles. Analysis of 16 selected studies shows that digital integration significantly improves mathematical reasoning when implemented with pedagogical support. Interactive visualization tools and adaptive learning platforms demonstrate positive effects. Based on the analysis results, digital integration can effectively enhance students^ mathematical reasoning skills when combined with appropriate pedagogical strategies and adequate teacher training. Keywords: digital integration, mathematical reasoning, educational technology, systematic literature review, K-12 education Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (V. Ari Widyaningtyas)

26	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-16
How Game-Based Learning Accomodate Collaborative Problem Solving Skill in 21st Century Classrooms: A Systematic Literature Review Sella Ningsari Saifufi (a*), Farida Nurhasanah(b), Ikrar Pramudya (c) a,b,c) Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36, Jebres, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia *ningsari.sella[at]student.uns.ac.id Abstract Game-Based Learning (GBL) has gained increasing attention as a dynamic approach to foster 21st-century competencies, particularly collaborative problem solving (CPS). While GBL^s effectiveness in enhancing individual cognitive skills has been extensively documented, its specific impact on students^ CPS skills remains fragmented and underexplored. This study systematically reviews peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 that investigate the influence of GBL on students^ ability to solve problems collaboratively. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, the review retrieved and screened 64 articles from the Scopus databases. After applying inclusion criteria focused on relevance, methodological rigor, and CPS-related outcomes, 20 studies were selected for in-depth analysis. Thematic synthesis revealed that GBL environments enhance CPS through three major pathways: promoting interactive communication, structuring cooperative task-solving scenarios, and facilitating shared decision-making processes. The findings underscore the potential of GBL to cultivate both social and cognitive dimensions of learning, offering valuable insights for educators designing collaborative learning experiences. This review contributes to a clearer understanding of how game-based pedagogies can be leveraged to strengthen CPS skills in diverse educational settings. Keywords: Game-Based Learning, Collaborative Problem Solving Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sella Ningsari Saifufi)

27	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-19
Exploring the Potential of Augmented Reality and Ethnomathematics: A Preliminary Analysis of Solid Geometry Learning in Fifth Grade Hidayu Sulisti (a*), Vidya Setyaningrum (b) Abstract This study aims to analyze the need for developing Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning media and ethnomathematics on fifth grade solid geometry material. 21st century learners are required to master critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking skills, so learning needs to be directed towards the use of interactive technology and contextual approaches. The research method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the 4-D model of Thiagarajan et al. (1974), which consists of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. This research focuses on the Define stage which includes initial analysis, learner analysis, task analysis, concept analysis, and goal formulation analysis. Data were collected through interviews with fifth grade teachers and analyzed using the Miles & Huberman (1992) technique. The results showed that most students had difficulty in understanding the concept of surface area and volume of spatial shapes, characterized by 55% of students who were not pass the minimum completion criteria. The main contributing factors were the limitation of concrete media, the lack of utilization of interactive technology, and the lack of integration of local cultural context in learning. Meanwhile, the local culture of Pontianak City has great potential, such as traditional architecture, carving motifs, and regional games, which can be integrated through an ethnomathematics approach. Therefore, there is a need to develop AR-based learning media and ethnomathematics that are interactive, contextual, and interesting, to improve students^ understanding and motivation to learn. The findings of this Define stage become an important foundation for the media development process in the next stage. Keywords: Augmented Reality- Etnomathematics- Solid Geometry- 4-D- Define Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hidayu Sulisti)

28	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-22
ETHNOMATEMATICS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF NUSANTARA WOVEN FABRICS IN THE CONTEXT OF GEOMETRIC CONCEPTS Yuli Bangun Nursanti(a*), Siti Nurshofurokh (a), Selvi Agustin Pujiastuti (a) a) Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia *yulibangununs[at]staff.uns.ac.id Abstract Ethnomathematics is the study that examines the relationship between mathematics and culture, as well as how certain cultural groups develop and apply mathematical concepts in their daily lives. This research, using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, aims to explore geometric concepts integrated into various woven fabric motifs in Indonesia. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for teachers to better utilize Indonesias cultural heritage, especially woven fabric motifs, in teaching geometry in schools. The application of ethnomathematics can make the mathematics learning process more meaningful and engaging, while also serving as a means to foster students love for their homeland. Keywords: Ethnomathematics- Geometry- Waeven Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Selvi Agustin Pujiastuti)

29	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-29
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS TEACHERS AND SCHOOL HEADS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MATATAG CURRICULUM Gian Maxine O. Francisco, Ron Alfie S. Juson, Levy B. Hernal, Mark Ren D. Villaflor, Girlie C. Dela Cruz, Raygene D. Dela Cruz, Laila Mikka M. Eser, Venus Jazmine G.Imbag NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAN ISIDRO CAMPUS Abstract This study aimed to determine the challenges encountered by Junior High School Mathematics teachers and school heads in the implementation of the MATATAG Curriculum, specifically in the areas of curriculum and instruction, assessment and evaluation, and teaching and learning resources. The descriptive research method was utilized, with a validated survey questionnaire as the primary data-gathering tool. A total of 15 teacher-respondents and 12 school heads-respondents from various schools participated in the study. Frequency count, percentages, weighted means, Pearson correlation, and independent sample t-tests were employed to analyze the data. Findings revealed that the area of curriculum and instruction received the highest average weighted mean of 2.94 for teachers, interpreted as ^Agree,^ indicating that teachers encounter significant difficulties in instructional adaptation, strategy application, and time management. Meanwhile, school heads rated the same area at 2.31 or ^Disagree,^ revealing a significant difference in perception (t = 2.294, p = .030). In assessment and evaluation, both teachers and school heads rated their challenges as minimal, with means of 2.05 and 2.16, respectively, interpreted as ^Disagree.^ However, the creation of rubrics and the contextualization of assessments remained notable concerns. For teaching and learning resources, both groups agreed on encountering challenges, with mean scores of 2.57 (teachers) and 2.68 (school heads), particularly in providing research-based innovations, inclusive materials, and support for disadvantaged learners. Only average class size showed a significant correlation with the challenges in curriculum and instruction (r = .627, p = .012), suggesting that overcrowded classrooms exacerbate instructional difficulties. Other profile variables such as age, position, and educational attainment did not yield statistically significant relationships with the challenges encountered. Based on the results, it is recommended that institutional support be strengthened through enhanced professional development, increased provision of teaching and learning resources, and improved communication between teachers and school heads. These interventions are crucial for ensuring that the goals of the MATATAG Curriculum-rooted in learner-centered, inclusive, and transformative education-are effectively realized in Junior High School Mathematics classrooms. Keywords: MATATAG Curriculum, Challenges, School Heads, Mathematic Teachers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ron Alfie Santiago Juson)

30	Mathematics and Mathematics Education	ABS-30
Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PbL) Approaches in Enhancing Mathematics Problem-Solving Skills Mark Ren D. Villaflor, Eng^r. Joselito P. Nagayo and Izzy B. Villarico Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, San Isidro Campus Abstract This study aimed to measure the perceived effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) approaches in enhancing mathematics problem-solving skills among Grade 9 students in one of the National High Schools in Nueva Ecija. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected through a adapted survey administered to students who had experienced at least one PBL unit in their mathematics class. The study examined student perceptions in areas such as engagement, conceptual understanding, application, and confidence. Findings revealed that students generally perceived PBL positively, particularly in terms of making lessons more meaningful, increasing motivation, and facilitating the application of math in real-world contexts. However, moderate ratings were given for problem-solving confidence and participation. No significant differences were found based on gender, socio-economic status, or number of PBL experiences, indicating a uniform perception across demographics. While students acknowledged some challenges, they also expressed overall satisfaction with PBL. The study concludes that PBL is a promising strategy for improving problem-solving skills and recommends further integration of PBL in mathematics education supported by structured guidance and teacher training. Keywords: project-based learning, problem solving skills, student perception, learning experience Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mark Ren Dayao Villaflor)

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