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31	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-12
Deforestation Vulnerability Based Administrative Boundary and Forest Area in Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Syamsu Rijal, Ismiah Mutmainnah, Munjata Nursaputra, Chairil A Forestry, Hasanuddin University Abstract A land cover change from forest to non-forest is called deforestation. Deforestation that occurs is different in each region. The deforestation profile provides better information on deforestation that happened because it displays three aspects of the assessment, those are the Proportion of Forest Area to the Area (PLH) in each regency, the proportion of deforestation events (PKD) and the rate of deforestation (LD). This study aims to determine the profile of deforestation that occurred in West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara Provinces from 1990 to 2019. This study uses overlapping land cover and administrative data for forest-non-forest analysis. In addition, this study also uses forest area data which is then used to analyze deforestation that occurs inside and outside forest areas. The deforestation profile analysis produced 15 forms of deforestation profiles. The largest profile in West Nusa Tenggara Province is the 3-1-1 profile (large proportion of early events-low rate) which is the category of not vulnerable. The highest profile in the province of East Nusa Tenggara is 1-3-1 (small proportion-late-rate events) and is a very vulnerable category. Deforestation is dominant outside forest areas. The largest percentage of deforestation in forest areas in West Nusa Tenggara Province occurred in production forests amounting to 14.77% in the 2000-2010 period. Deforestation of East Nusa Tenggara in forest areas occurred in protected forests amounting to 13.65% in the 2010-2020 period. Keywords: Deforestation, Deforestation Profile, Vulnerability, Nusa Tenggara Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syamsu Rijal)

32	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-17
Housing in Gowa Regency: Analysis of Building Approval Based on the Results of Development Impact Assessment on Surrounding Biodiversity Ibnu Nurjaya Irwan (1*), Abdul Rachman Rasyid (2), Muhammad Sobarsyah (3) 1) Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi - Indonesia *ibnunj98[at]gmail.com 2) Faculty of Engineering, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Poros Malino Km. 6, Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, rachmanrasyid[at]eng.unhas.ac.id 3) Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi - Indonesia, msobarsyah[at]gmail.com Abstract Housing development has significant benefits for the community, but it can also have negative impacts, such as the production of waste that can threaten environmental sustainability, health, and the survival of humans and other living things. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the Building Approval based on the results of the development impact assessment on biodiversity in residential areas in Gowa Regency. This research uses a qualitative analysis method and an interdisciplinary approach to obtain a comprehensive understanding. The information collection technique was conducted through a literature review involving books, journal articles, and news portals as data sources. The results showed that to overcome the impact of development on the surrounding environment, housing developers are required to obtain environmental permits. Environmental permits can be granted if the housing development business has an Environmental Management Effort (UKL-UPL) or Environmental Impact Analysis (Amdal). In addition, developers are also required to obtain a space utilization permit as a basis for housing development, as well as an initial mitigation step in monitoring housing growth in the Gowa Regency Region. By conducting this research, it is hoped that it can provide a deeper insight into the effect of housing development on biodiversity in Gowa Regency. The results of this research are expected to be the basis for relevant parties in making sustainable policies to minimize negative impacts and improve environmental sustainability in housing development in the region. Keywords: UKL-UPL- Development Impact- Building Approval Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ibnu Nurjaya Irwan)

33	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-30
Analysis of the Quality of the Mamasa Sub-Watershed Using the Land Cover Approach and Land Cover Projections in 2031 Andang Suryana Soma (a), Andi Alif Chaeruddin (b), and Wahyuni (a) (a) Lecturer, Watershed Management Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar (b) Student, Watershed Management Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, University Hasanuddin, Makassar Abstract Land cover can be interpreted as the biophysical cover on the earth^s surface that can be observed and is the result of regulation, activity and human treatment. In general, changes in land cover can be observed using spatial data from land cover maps from several points in different years. Changes in land cover in a watershed will directly affect the quality of the watershed. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in 2011 - 2016 and 2016 - 2021, analyze land cover change projections in 2031 and analyze watershed quality using the Percentage of Vegetation Cover approach. Land cover change analysis was carried out using the overlay analysis method, land cover change projections were carried out using the Multi Layer Perceptron method and Cellular Automata (CA) markov chain modelling in Idrisi TerrSet Software and watershed quality analysis by calculating the PPV entering the plants permanently. The results of this study note that changes in land cover in 2011 - 2016 experienced a change of 763,53 ha and in 2016 - 2021 the biggest changes was 802,69 ha. The biggest change in land cover occurred in the closure of dry land agriculture. The results of the projected land cover in 2031 as a whole have changed by 4.472,44 ha with the biggest change occurning in dry land agriculture. The results of calculating the percentage value of vegetation cover, the quality of the Mamasa sub-watershed has decreased in quality from very good to good due to a decrease in the area of permanent vegetation. Keywords: Land Cover Change, Projection, Multi Layer Perceptron, CA Markov Chain, Watershed Quality Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andang Suryana Soma)

34	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-39
Analysis of Land Cover Change in Ake Welwalesele Sub Watershed, Ake Kobe Watershed Ramli Hadun(a), Aqshan Shadikin Nurdin(b*), Erwin Seril Mantong(c),Andy Kurniawan (d),Nurhikmah(e),Mahdi Tamrin (f) (a) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University (b) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University (c) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University (d) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University (e) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University (f) Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Khairun University Abstract The occurrence of changes in land cover in a watershed area cannot be separated from human activities that occur in it. The rate of population growth and development goes hand in hand with the increasing needs of the community for land use in a watershed. The occurrence of changes in land cover in a watershed area cannot be separated from human activities that occur in it. The rate of population growth and development goes hand in hand with the increasing needs of the community for land use in a watershed. This study aims to determine how land cover changes occurred in the Ake Welwalesele Sub Watershed of the Ake Kobe Watershed in the periods 2002, 2013, and 2022, as well as to determine the factors that influence land cover changes in the Ake Welwalesele Sub Watershed of the Ake Kobe Watershed. The method used in analyzing land cover changes in the Ake Welwalesle Sub-Watershed is to combine remote sensing techniques (desk analysis) and field identification to determine the suitability of desk analysis results and conditions in the field.The results showed that in the period of 2002 there were 7 (seven) classes of land cover in the Ake Welwalesele Sub Watershed, namely Secondary Forest, Mangrove Forest, Mixed Agriculture, Shrub, Transmigration, Open Land, and Water Body. Meanwhile, in 2013, there were 8 classes of land cover, namely Secondary Forest, Mangrove Forest, Mixed Agriculture, Bush/Shrub, Mining, Transmigration, Open Land, and Water Body. Meanwhile, in 2022, there are 9 (nine) land cover classes, namely Secondary Forest, Mangrove Forest, Mixed Agriculture, Bush/Shrub, Transmigration, Open Land, Water Body, Mining, and Settlement. These results show that there was an increase in land cover classes in each observation period Keywords: Land cover, watershed, remote sensing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aqshan Shadikin Nurdin)

35	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-46
The Effect of Land Cover Changes on Surface Runoff Using the Model Soil and Water Assessment Tool in the Bila Watershed Wahyuni- Andang Suryana Soma- Fadhlurrahman Salimin Lecturer, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Lecturer, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Email: wahyunipammu[at]gmail.com Abstract Changes in land cover have a negative impact on land and water resources that occur in the watershed area (DAS). Changes in vegetated land cover can cause an increase in surface runoff due to reduced land that can absorb water. This can lead to an increase in the volume of water flowing into rivers and lakes, which can eventually lead to flooding. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover in 2016 and 2021 and their effects on surface runoff in the Bila Watershed. Analysis of land cover change was carried out using the Geographic Information System approach, namely data overlay and in analyzing the effect of land cover change on surface runoff from the results of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model used descriptive analysis. The results of this study revealed that the land cover of the DAS when experiencing the highest change was in shrubs of 680.29 ha, dryland agriculture covering an area of 520.99 ha and secondary dryland forest covering an area of 155.76 ha, then the effect of changes in land cover on surface runoff varies. according to the type of change, the highest increase in surface runoff was with changes in shrub cover to agricultural land and open land while the lowest increase in surface runoff was with changes in primary dryland forest land cover to secondary dryland forest Keywords: Land Cover Change- SWAT Model- Surface Runoff- Bila Watershed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyuni Wahyuni)

36	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-49
THE EFFECT OF EGG SHELL WASTE AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHYZA FUNGI (AMF) ON THE GROWTH OF Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes in SUBSOIL MEDIA Budi Arty(a*), Samuel A. Paembonan (a), Syamsuddin Millang (a), Fidsa Sanugri Takdir (b) a) Lecturer, Laboratory of Tree Physiology and Silviculture, Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia *budiarty90[at]gmail.com b) Student, Laboratory of Tree Physiology and Silviculture, Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract This study aimed to analyze the combination of treatment with egg shell waste and Arbuscula Mycorrhyza Fungi (AMF) to increase the growth of F. moluccana in subsoil media. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 treatments, namely the provision of egg shell waste and the addition of AMF which were divided into 16 combinations with 5 replications. The growth variables observed were height, diameter, chlorophyll content, biomass, root shoot ratio and seed quality index. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study showed that the combination of egg shell waste treatment with AMF was able to increase the growth of F. moluccana in subsoil media. The addition of 30 grams of egg shell waste with 10 grams of AMF in subsoil media showed the best F. moluccana growth compared to other applications such as the addition of egg shell waste or just addition of AMF. Keywords: Arbuscula Mycorrhyza Fungi (AMF)- Egg Shell Waste- F. moluccana- Subsoil Media Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Budi Arty)

37	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-50
Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Using Frequency Ratio Methods in the Lisu Watershed, Barru Regency Sarah Nurul Hikmah- Usman Arsyad Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Lecturer, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Email: uniequ1[at]gmail.com Abstract Barru Regency is an area with a relatively high frequency of landslides according to BNPB data for 2015. This can be seen in several incidents from 2017 to 2021. The purpose of this research is to identify and determine the level of vulnerability of landslides that occur in an area by utilizing the method Frequency Ratio. The Lisu watershed study area is a research study because it is included in the largest local watershed in Barru Regency. This study uses landslide occurrence point data by including nine factors that cause landslides such as land cover, slope, slope aspect, elevation, rainfall, curvature, distance from river, distance from fault, and lithology. These nine factors are divided into five classes, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The results of the analysis show that the AUC model success rate and prediction accuracy are 0.80 and 0.83. The very high vulnerability to landslides is spread over the Tanete Riaja and Pujananting Districts. This indicates that the frequency ratio method is appropriate as a basis for analyzing the level of landslide vulnerability in the Lisu watershed. Keywords: Disaster- Landslides- Frequency Ratio- Lisu watershed- Barru Regency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Usman Arsyad)

38	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-54
Analysis of Flood Susceptibility Using Frequency Ratio Method in Paremang Watersheed Rizki Amaliah, Muh. Alif Syabandi Hasanuddin University Abstract The flood that occurred in the Paremang Watershed caused damage to the road that connected several districts in South Sulawesi. In addition, it also inundated rice fields and residential areas, causing losses to residents. Therefore this research was carried out to identify floods, find out the causes of floods that influence the occurrence of floods in the Paremang Watershed and make a flood hazard map in the Paremang Watershed. This study uses SAR Sentinel-1 imagery to identify floods that occur in the Paremang watershed and Frequency Ratio analysis to look at the causative factors that influence flooding in the Paremang watershed and project a flood Susceptibility map based on the causes of flooding. The results of this study show that in 2017-2021 an area of 3,446.12 ha was affected by flooding from the Paremang Watershed area of 92,717 ha. The land cover factor in the paddy field class with a frequency ratio value of 4.83, slope in the 0-8% class with a frequency ratio value of 4.32 and the altitude factor in the 0-200 masl class with a frequency ratio value of 4.08 is the most important factor influence on the incidence of flooding in the Paremang watershed. The flood hazard map in the Paremang watershed shows that the downstream part of the Paremang watershed is an area of high and very high susceptibility. Keywords: Paremang Watershed, Flood Susceptibility, Frequency Ratio Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizki Amaliah)

39	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-60
The Influence of Community Participation on Health Trends in the Mangrove Forest of Labuhan Maringgai District, East Lampung Regency Mohamad Ilham Nurfaizi (a), Rahmat Safe^i (b*) a) Department of Forestry, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia b) Master of Forestry Study Program, University of Lampung, Road Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 35145 *rahmat.safei[at]fp.unila.ac.id Abstract The health trend of mangrove forests is influenced by community participation around the forest. Communities have a role in managing mangrove forests. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of community participation on the health trend of mangrove forests. The stages of this research are: Assessment of forest health based on ecological indicators and data analysis using the FHM method- collection of participation data with questionnaires to the public- and data analysis using the multiple linear regression method. Based on the results of the study, the final value of forest health at CL 1 was 4.11 (bad), CL 2 was 6.95 (good), CL 3 was 6.69 (good), and CL 4 was 7.4 (good). The average value for forest health is 6.29 in the moderate category. The significant values obtained are .023* (preparation),.321 (implementation), and.851 (evaluation). The planning aspect has an influence on the health condition of mangrove forests. Community participation affects the condition of forest health from an ecological perspective. So the role of the community is very important to support the preservation of mangrove forests. Keywords: mangrove forest- trend- FHM- participation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahmat Safei)

40	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-71
Legal Analysis as a Tool for Combating Environmental Pollution in Watersheds as Part of Efforts to Achieve Environmentally Sustainable Development Please Just Try to Submit This Sample AbstractT F Widayanti, Wahyuni, E M Djafar, M Z Hakim, A Arifin, A N Annisa, M Aswan, AM Muin, Ratnawati Faculty of Law And Faculty of Forestry Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract In the majority of Indonesia, watersheds (DAS) are experiencing alarming levels of environmental pollution. Poaching, excessive fishing, illegal sand mining, non-compliant riverbank development, and garbage, oil, and oil waste pollution are sources of pollution that harm the watershed ecosystem, resulting in siltation, abrasion, and flooding of rivers. The Indonesian government has issued regulations regarding the Protection and Management of the Environment, but these regulations have not been properly implemented and have not been synergized with environmental preservation, which is essential for environmentally sustainable development. This study employs an empirical approach to legal research. utilizing sociological, conceptual, and legal approaches. The optimal effectiveness of regulations related to Environmental Pollution Control to support Environmentally Friendly Sustainable Development is achieved by involving the Government, Legislative Institutions, communities, and Business Actors in environmental management, particularly at the level of planning and supervision of the application of rules, so as to create integrated management and promote the welfare of the community al together. Keywords: Watershed, Pollution, Sustainable Development, Regulation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tri Fenny Widayanti)

41	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-81
Monitoring Land Surface Temperature in the Karajae Watershed as an influential ecosystem for Pare-Pare City Chairil A, Munajat Nursaputra, Yunus Furqan Ramdani Forestry, Hasanuddin University Abstract Temperature is one of the environmental factors for monitoring the condition of an area. In general, monitoring is only done in urban areas without looking at the surrounding conditions. Even though temperature is influenced by several factors, starting from geographical location, position to the sun, altitude, and biophysical conditions such as land. Land cover is also a very dynamic factor as well as its influence on temperature changes. This study looks at changes in land surface temperature in the Karajae watershed area as ecosystems that affect Pare-Pare City or vice versa. This study uses a remote sensing method in the form of multi-temporal Landsat Imagery data. The condition image shows changes in land cover using the on-screen method, and soil surface temperature using a single-channel algorithm. Land cover change becomes the basis for future land cover using the cellular automata (CA) method, and also characterizes the soil surface temperature with a normalized fractional vegetation cover relationship. The results show high ground surface temperatures in coastal areas and also a lot of human activity as a downstream area compared to upstream areas where activity is reduced and there is still a lot of vegetation. In the last decade, the increase in ground surface temperature has covered all watershed areas. In the future, it is estimated that the land surface temperature will continue to increase, but not as much as in the last decade. It should be noted that there is a significant increase in ground surface temperature in areas where there is an increase in community activity. Keywords: Land Surface Temperature, land cover, Karajae Watershed, Pare-Pare City Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chairil A)

42	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-83
Human wildlife conflict in Bonerate and Lambego island: Protecting Macaca fascicularis or prospering humans? N. Nasri1, M. Y. Hidayatullah2, M. A. Suwanto2, M. Sigit2, A. S. Hamzah1, R. I. Maulany1 1 Forest Conservation Department of Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University 2 Balla Konservasi Wallacea Abstract In Indonesia, long-tailed monkeys (M. fascicularis) are found in Sumatra, Java and Bali, Kalimantan, Lingga and Riau Islands, Bangka, Belitung, Tambelan Islands, Natuna Islands, Simalur, Nias, Matasari, Bawean, Maratua, Timor, Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa. The species M. fascicularis was also found on Bonerate Island and Lambego Island, which are adjacent to the island of Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the population of M. fascicularis and identify conflicts through community perceptions in Bonerate and Lambego islands. Population data collection was carried out by observing the habitat of M. fascicularis using the Concentration Count method), and then making observation lines in the area to estimate population density. For conflict identification, data collection on public perception of M. fascicularis was carried out using the interview method. The results of the field study found that the number of individuals of M. fascicularis that were successfully encountered in various observations were 1,064 individuals in an area of 54.46 ha on Bonerate Island and 618 individuals in an observation area of 66.02 ha on Lambego Island. The population density value of M. fascicularis is 20 individuals/ha on Bonerate Island and 9 individuals/ha on Lambego Island. There is a conflict between the community and the long-tailed monkey on Bonerate Island and Lambego Island, where the community has made the long-tailed monkey a pest/enemy that must be exterminated. It takes a conflict resolution between the community and the tall monkeys through efforts made against the monkeys, one of which can be done every time the population control in an area or group that exceeds its natural size. Keywords: long-tailed monkey, M. fascicularis, Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nasri Nasri)

43	Topik C: Ecological risk and natural disaster	ABS-85
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNOR REGULATION NO. 60 OF 2022 IN SUPPORTING THE APPLICATION OF FISCAL INCENTIVES BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN THE PROVINCE OF WEST NUSA TENGGARA Andi Chairil Ichsan, Markum, Irwan Mahakam Lesmono Aji, Kornelia Webliana, Tenri Waru, Lale Dini Ardiantari, Hayatus Sadiah, Rahmat Aji Faculty of Agriculture University of Mataram Communication Study Program University of Mataram Canopi Rimbawan Indonesia Abstract This research specifically aims to examine the effectiveness of implementing Governor Regulation No. 60 of 2022 in the province of West Nusa Tenggara by using the policy analysis instrument developed by Dunn in 2003. This study uses a policy valuative approach with the retrospective scope of analysis (ex-post), namely the analysis process carried out after the policy action has been implemented. The criteria used in this policy analysis are adaptations of the standard developed by Wiliam Dunn 2003, focusing on five primary standards: Policy Effectiveness, Efficiency in Policy implementation, Adequacy to needs, Responsiveness, and the accuracy of the implemented policies. The results of the study show that the performance of Governor Regulation Number 60 of 2022 in supporting the application of fiscal incentives based on environmental and disaster management is included in the high category with a value of 2.56. Keywords: Performance, Environment, Fiscal Incentives Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (andi chairil ichsan)

44	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-26
Surface Burning Effectiveness of Five Commercial Wood Species in Makassar Against Schizophyllum Commune Fr. Muhammad Akbar, Musrizal Muin, Astuti Arif Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University Abstract This research aims to determine the effectiveness of wood surface burning on the physical changes of wood and the attack of Schizophyllum commune Fr. The research was conducted in several stages, starting with the collection of wood samples from a Timber Trading Unit (UD) in Makassar City. The samples were prepared with dimensions of 5 x 2,5 x 1,5 cm3, and each side of the samples was evenly burned using a torch for two to five minutes, resulting in a uniform thickness of 1-2 mm for the burned surface. Five types of wood were used for the surface burning, namely white teak (Gmelina arbore), sengon (Albizia chinensis), bayam (Intsia bijuga), teak (Tectona grandis), and meranti (Shorea spp). The research consisted of two treatments, one without burning and the other with burning. The results showed that the moisture content of all five wood species decreased after the burning process, with moisture content recutions of 15,61% for G. arborea, 14,30% for A. chinensis, 14,33% for I. bijuga, 11,37% for T. grandis, and 20,43% for shorea spp. Additionally, the specific gravity of the wood with burning treatment averaged 0,38 for G. arborea, 0,43 for A. chinensis, 0,63 for I. bijuga, 0,58 for T. grandis, and 0,35 for Shorea spp. Meanwhile, for the untreated wood, the average specific gravity was 0,39 for G. arborea, 0,38 for A. chinensis, 0,67 for I. bijuga, 0,62 for T. grandis, and 0,39 for Shorea spp. Regarding the aspect of fungal attack, the burning process did not inhibit fungal spread from the sides to the middle of the wood surface, but the burning treatment contributed to a lower weight reduction in the test samples compared to the untreated ones. Keywords: Degradation- Schizophyllum commune- Surface burning- Wood commercial- Wood preservation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Akbar)

45	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-28
Effect of lignin concentration on crystallinity of TPS/Lignin biocomposite Syahidah1*, Muh Rezki Arif Pratama1, Astuti Arif1, Andi Sri Rahayu Diza Lestari1, Ira Taskirawati1, Makkarennu1, Sulaeha2, Evi Triwulandari3, Witta Kartika Restu3, Widya Fatriasari4, Sita Heris Anita5, Muhammad Ghozali3 Syahidah1*, Muh Rezki Arif Pratama1, Astuti Arif1, Andi Sri Rahayu Diza Lestari1, Ira Taskirawati1, Makkarennu1, Sulaeha2, Evi Triwulandari3, Witta Kartika Restu3, Widya Fatriasari4, Sita Heris Anita5, Muhammad Ghozali3 Abstract Several alternatives have been considered to minimize the environmental impact caused by conventional polymers. One alternative that has been widely developed is the addition of lignin to the starch matrix. This study aims to determine the effect of lignin concentration on the crystallinity of palm starch biocomposite. Palm starch, glycerol, stearic acid, and lignin are extruded in a twin-screw extruder. Palm starch crystal characteristics were analyzed using XRD. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that palm starch has a crystal structure of type C. The percentage crystallinity of palm starch, TPS, and TPSL was 57.6%, 51.9%, 55.7%, 56.3%, 60.1%, 63.4%, and 66.4%, respectively. The addition of lignin to the starch matrix can increase along with the increase in lignin content. Keywords: lignin, crystallinity, TPS, biocomposite, starch Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syahidah Syahidah)

46	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-29
Characteristics of Soil Physical, Dust Content, And Estimation of Soil Carbon in The Reclamation Area of PT Semen Bosowa Maros Nardy Noerman Najib (a*), Resti Ura^ (a), Markus Kudeng Sallata (a), Fajri Ansari (a), Suhartati (b), Merryana Kiding Allo (a), Achmad Rizal Hak Bisjoe (a), Nurhaedah Muin (a), Wahyudi Isnan (a), Khaerul Amru (c) a) Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, West Jawa, Indonesia *nardy.noerman.najib[at]brin.go.id b) Reserach Center for Plant Conservation, Botanical Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, West Jawa, Indonesia c) Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Kawasan Puspiptek Gedung 820, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia Abstract Mining activities can cause problems with physical properties and decrease soil fertility, air pollution, and increased carbon emissions. Land reclamation is one way to overcome these problems. PT Semen Bosowa Maros (SBM), as a public company engaged in the mining and cement processing industry has succeeded in carrying out post-mining land reclamation and revegetation activities. Post-mining land reclamation and revegetation activities are expected to reduce environmental damage, so some important aspects studied include soil physical quality, dust content, and soil carbon. The study aims to determine the characteristics of soil physical properties (soil texture, permeability, bulk density, organic matter), dust content, and soil carbon in the reclamation area of PT Semen Bosowa Maros, South Sulawesi. The research was conducted in Barugae Village, Bantimurung District, Maros Regency, through data collection in the form of soil samples, dust content, and soil carbon content in 4 observation plots. The study used a field observation method followed by analyzing sample results in the laboratory. The results showed that the soil texture class was dominated by clay texture, the highest soil permeability data was 6.12 cm/hour, the highest bulk density was 0.71 gr/cm3, and the highest organic matter was 2.11%. While the highest dust content value is 0.00251 gr/cm2. As well as the highest estimated value of soil carbon at 44.73 gr/cm2. Information from this research is important for PT Semen Bosowa Maros. In particular, it can improve land conditions through post-mining land reclamation and revegetation activities. Keywords: Cement post mining- reclamation- soil carbon. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nardy Noerman Najib)

47	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-35
Carbon Storage Potentials and Soil Characteristics of Casuarina (Casuarina Junghuhniana) Stand in Toraja Highlands, South Sulawesi Samuel A. Paembonan1*, A. S. Soma2, and D. A. Rampisela3 1* Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 2 Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 3 Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia *Email: paembonansa[at]gmail.com Abstract Abstract: Mountain Casuarina (Casuarina junghuhniana) is a species that grows well in the highlands of Toraja with altitudes ranging from 700 m to 1200 m asl. This species has high wood strength and wood durability, and is the main material in the construction of traditional houses of Toraja Community. This study aims to determine the carbon stock of C. junghuhniana and the characteristics of the soil beneath when associated with the age of the stand. Determination of the sample plots using purposive method in plots size of 25 m x 25 m at different ages of stands, namely 5, 12, and 22 years old. Tree biomass and carbon values were calculated using an allometric equation by measuring the tree diameter. The physical and chemical properties of the soil observed included: effective soil depth, soil texture, soil structure, cation exchange capacity, pH, Total N, P2O5 and K2O. The results showed that there was an increase in the average carbon value of trees and stands based on the increasing age of the stands. The average carbon stock of trees at the age of 5 years was 48 kg/tree (13.40 tons/ha), 12 years old was 165.38 kg/tree (37.15 tons/ha), and at 22 years old was 376. 56 kg/tree (93.37 tons/ha). CO2 absorption capacity for Casuarina stands at 5 years old was 49.15 tons/ha, 12 years old was 136.35 tons/ha, and 22 years old was 342.66 tons/ha. There was no significant difference between the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil when associated with differences in age classes. In general, the soil properties found at the three ages of the stand were: Sandy loam to loamy sand soil texture, the structure of rounded clods and angular lumps, acid soil of pH, very low organic matter, low to moderate nitrogen content, low to moderate phosphorus levels, and low to moderate potassium levels. Keywords: Casuarina junghuhniana, carbon stock and sequestrations, soil physical and chemical properties, climate changes. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Samuel Arung Paembonan)

48	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-38
Biomass by an organ in understory vegetation: Study comparison among upper story tree species Nurdin Dalya (a*), Hayato TSUZUKI (b), Hiroki OUE (b) a) The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan * j743003k[at]mails.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp b) Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan Abstract The biomass of trees older than 40 years was calculated for three species: Swietenia macrophylla, Pinus merkusii, and Acacia auriculiformis. To estimate the trees biomass, we considered the diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height (h) as significant variables. Cutting down trees in the study area is strictly prohibited to prevent irreversible damage to the ecosystem. Our strategy is to implement a non-destructive approach to estimate the biomass of each tree in the plantation forest. On the other hand, we perform separation and destruction of the understory parts to obtain a more specific weight. Hence, measuring stand biomass using a non-destructive approach through existing equations is suitable for the conditions at the site. The main plot was 0.25 ha for each plantation and divided into subplots of 25 m2 to measure the understory. The mahogany had a larger stem biomass than the other plants but had a small understory. In contrast, acacia had the biggest understory but the smallest stem biomass. It is necessary to create more effective and non-destructive approaches to predict and quantify tree biomass broadly to facilitate better quantification of carbon sequestration. Keywords: Biomass- Swietenia macrophylla- Pinus merkusii- Acacia auriculiformis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (NURDIN DALYA)

49	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-48
Application of Continuous Emissions Monitoring System as Climate Change Mitigation Approach: A Literature Study Fajar1, Winarni Dien Monoarfa2, Eymal Bahsar Demmalino2, A. M. Shidiq Yunus3, Ardi Nugroho4 (1) Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Program Studi Ilmu Lingkugan, (2) Dosen Pascasarjana Program Studi Ilmu Lingkugan UNHAS, (3) Dosen Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, (4) Pegawai PT PLN NP Abstract The biggest cause of climate change is the result of human activities which produce emissions from almost all industrial activity sectors that use fossil fuels, organic waste processing, and the use of refrigerants in electronic devices. Activities such as deforestation, poor waste management, and fossil fuel power generation add to the production of GHG (Green Houses Gases) emissions. Based on the 2020 world emission data, Indonesia is the top 9 (nine) country as the country having the worst air quality. The graph of Indonesia^s CO2 emission by fuel from the Global Carbon Projector shows that the largest contributor to emissions comes from coal fired power plants. This is according to data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources which shows that by 2021, coal-fired power plants are the largest contributor to electricity supply in Indonesia with a percentage of generators reaching 47% followed by PLTG at 28%. Both PLTU and PLTG are classified as thermal power plants that produce emissions so that the Ministry of Environment and Forestry includes them in the industrial sector which must be included in the SISPEK system. The SISPEK Integration Scheme (Continuous Industrial Emission Monitoring Information System) is a data integration system built by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to facilitate monitoring of emissions from industries in Indonesia. The weakness of measuring with Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) equipment is that the cost of procuring the equipment is very expensive. The price for 1 (one) CEMS unit is EUR Euro 216,080 (IDR 3.5 billion). This price does not include annual maintenance costs which are also very high and if it is damaged it takes a very long time to repair because CEMS in Indonesia are all imported products. Manual measurement of emissions also has many weaknesses because it takes a long time, involves a KAN- accredited laboratory whose involvement process begins with a tender every year. Keywords: climate change, Emission, Continuous Emissions Monitoring System Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fajar Fajar)

50	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-65
Agonistic behaviour of Microcerotermes sp. Hardianti Hasyim, Astuti Arif, Syahidah Fakultas Kehutanan Unhas Abstract Microcerotermes sp is a type of termite found living in the Hasanuddin University campus area that covering 220 hectare with types buildings and trees. The area that had been converted into an urban forest is a habitat for some termites species. They attack the wooden components of buildings, litter and wood on the ground, dead and living trees etc. The study aims to analyse the agonistic behaviour of Microcerotermes sp. from different colonies. The results showed that in the agonistic behaviour of Microcerotermes sp. classified non-aggresive indicated by attenation as the most dominant behaviour with an average frequency of 39.9. For competition level testing, the two colonies have almost the same survival rate. However, colony 1 had a slightly higher survival rate than the other colonies, with an average survival rate of 58.00% and 57.75%, respectively. These two termite colonies are categorized as competitive. Keywords: Microcerothermes sp, termites, Agonistic Behavior, Competitiveness Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Astuti Arif)

51	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-73
Isolation of Aspergillus sp. Fungus from Rice Rhizospheres in Conventional Cropping Systems Syatrawati 1),Tutik Kuswinanti 2),Andi Nasruddin 2),Ade Rosmana 2) 1) Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University.Makassar. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245. Indonesia 2) Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makasssar.Indonesia Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km. 10 Makassar 90245 correspondence: chatesyatra[at]gmail.com Abstract The rhizosphere microbial community is known to be very diverse and of great importance for soil fertility. Aspergillus sp. is one of the fungi plays a role in nutrient cycling, soil formation, plant growth, and plant disease control. This study aims to explore and to identify the diversity of Aspergillus sp from rice rhizosphere in convetional cropping systems. Soil samples was taken from Sugiale Village. This research was conducted in Suliange Village, Barebbo Distric, Bone Regency. and Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University,Makasssar.In this research describe the characteristic morfologies of fungi from Mekongga rice field. The fungal isolates were successfully isolated and purified. Morphology identification indicated that these isolates are belongs to the fungal group Aspergillus Keywords: Aspergillus sp.,rhizosphere,rice,conventional,cropping Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Syatrawati -)

52	Topik D: Climate change impacts for biodiversity	ABS-80
Deforestation Mapping using Random Forest on The Google Earth Engine in the Forest Management Unit of the Larona and Ajatappareng Regions, South Sulawesi. Nuranisa Harfiana1,2, Syamsu Rijal1, and Munajat Nursaputra1* 1 Laboratory of Forestry Planning and Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Hasanuddin 2 Law Enforcement of the Environment and Forestry Region of Sulawesi *Corresponding author: munajatnursaputra[at]unhas.ac.id Abstract The calculation of deforestation in Indonesia based on the land cover data series of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is very dynamic. In the 2016-2017 period was 480 thousand Ha- the 2017-2018 period was 439.4 thousand Ha. However, it increased again in 2018-2019 to 462.5 thousand Ha and decreased again to 115.5 thousand Ha in 2019-2022. Information regarding deforestation rates at the site level, such as in forest management units spread across the Sulawesi region, is also very much needed to determine the condition of the forests in that area. Deforestation events can be measured with a mapping system, but it takes a long time if done with conventional image interpretation. The presence of a geospatial-based cloud computing platform such as the Google Earth Engine (GEE) provides a new option for researchers and policymakers who are interested in efficiently analyzing remote sensing data. GEE provides a classifier based on machine learning that used for multi-temporal land use mapping as a basis for mapping deforestation. By using the Random Forest method in GEE, it can be seen on the study area, namely the Larona and Ajatappareng forest management units in South Sulawesi, the deforestation rates were 3,964.5 Ha and 345.89 Ha on 2010-2021 period. The land cover classification accuracy test results in GEE also obtained an accuracy value with a kappa value of 0.96. Keywords: Deforestation, GEE, Random Forest Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nuranisa Harfiana)

53	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-2
The perception of community in the development of ecotourism in Toba Regency based on conservation and local wisdom Rahmawaty (a,b*), Ma^rifatin Zahrah (a,b), Robert Sibarani (b), Abdul Rauf (b,c), Mohd Hasmadi Ismail (d), Ibrahim Amin (a), R. Hamdani Harahap (b), Irma Amalia (a), Ritha F Dalimunthe (b), Oding Affandi (a,b), Seca Gandaseca (e), Gopin S Pasaribu (a), Leonardo Sitorus (f) a) Forestry Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kampus USU 2 Bekala, Pancur Batu, Deli Serdang 20353, North Sumatra, Indonesia *rahmawaty[at]usu.ac.id b) Natural Resources and Environmental Management Study Program, Postgraduate School, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Kampus USU Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia. c)Agroecotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Prof. A Sofyan No. 3 Kampus USU Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia d) Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Tel./Fax+603-9769-7176/+603-9769-3768 e) School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Jalan Ilmu 1/1, 40450 UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia f) The Environmental and Forestry Service, North Sumatra, Indonesia Abstract Toba Regency that is one of the regencies in North Sumatra Province, which is rich in ecotourism potential. Various ecotourism potentials, such as lakes, rivers, waterfalls, and natural panoramas, are often found in Toba Regency. This study aimed to analyze the community^s perception of the development of ecotourism based on conservation and local wisdom. Focus group discussions and interviews with key informants were carried out to gather the information. Filling out the questionnaire was carried out on 113 respondents. According to the survey, a majority of 64% of those polled suggested that local traditions and customs should be preserved and transformed into a tourist attraction. Additionally, 85% of respondents answered that conducting a survey to determine the potential for ecotourism development is necessary for planning. Another 81% of those surveyed recommended individual training programs to help improve the community^s capacity in nature tourism management. Moreover, adequate facilities and infrastructure that can facilitate ecotourism management were desired by 52% of participants. Finally, 77% of respondents agreed that all parties, including the government, managers, and community, need to be involved in the development of nature tourism to achieve optimal results. Keywords: Local tradition, nature tourism, natural panorama, waterfall Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahmawaty Rahmawaty)

54	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-3
The Potential of the Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism Area in Producing Biomass and Carbon Stock for Mitigate Climate Change Siti Latifah 1.4, Khaira Amalia Fachrudin 2 ,Suri Fadhilla 1, Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat 3, Anggiat Simanjuntak 1 1 Faculty of Forestry Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2 Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Sumatera Utara, 3 Bogor Agricultural Institute, 4 Center for Tropical Forest Studies. Campus 2 USU Bekala, Simalingkar A, Pancur Batu District, Serdang Regency,. USU Medan- 20155. (061) 8220605 Abstract The Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism Area in Humbang Hasundutan Regency is dominated by the Pinus merkusii stand which has quite high environmental service benefits in terms of carbon sequestration. This study analyzes the potential of the biomass and carbon stocks of the P. merkusii forest located in the Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism. Data collection was carried out using a census of 1,293 individuals of P. merkusii using non-destructive methods in the Sipinsur Geosite Tourism area of 4.23 ha. Estimation of the biomass P. merkusii stands was calculated based on the selected allometric equation B = 0.1900 x D 2.2730. The results showed the potential of biomass. P. Merkusii in the Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism Area was 235.18 tonnes/ha and carbon stocks were 110.54 tonnes/ha. In addition to natural beauty as a tourist attraction visit the Sipinsur Geosite Ecotourism Area, this tourist area also plays a role in reducing the impact of global warming through the presence of forest vegetation. The higher the level of vegetation, the higher the carbon sequestration that takes place Keywords: Biomass, carbon, ecology, forest, Pinus merkusii Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (SITI LATIFAH)

55	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-4
Strategy Analysis of Ecotourism Development Based on Biodiversity Conservation in Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java Endang Karlina, Vivin Silvaliandra Sihombing, Anita Rianti, and Pratiwi Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract The development of ecotourism prioritizes the preservation of natural resources and area management sustainability. To achieve these goals, the form of development must be made thematically based on a) flora and fauna diversity, b) the security and safety of visitors, c) provide educational value and visitors understanding. The ecotourism strategy at the Mandalawangi Resort (MR), Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) is carried out by optimizing tourism supply and demand. The most interesting tourist resources at MR are a) climbing activities to the summit of Gede-Pangrango Mount, b) activities to enjoy nature and biodiversity of flora and fauna and waterfalls, and c) camping. The dominant visitors are male students with university status. The highest visitor motivation is to eliminate boredom and seek new inspiration and exercise. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy of developing ecotourism based on biodiversity conservation in GGPNP by SWOT analysis. Based on the SWOT analysis result, the formulations of the strategy are, (1) Socialization of conservation protected flora and fauna to the public and visitors until an understanding of conservation arises are important, (2) Enriching endangered plants in buffer areas and cracking down on illegal hunting and (3) Involving researchers to conduct a study on the endurance, carrying capacity and tolerance of the facility to tourism activities or environmental conditions as well as preparing a maintenance plan and physical monitoring of the facility. Creating innovative tourism programs that utilize recreational support facilities and designing promotional strategies for the programs created. Keywords: ecotourism, conservation strategy, management Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anita Rianti)

56	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-11
The Stump of Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) and Its Growth in The Toraja Nursery, South Sulawesi Province Merryana Kiding Allo - Suhartati- Nurhaedah Muin - Wahyudi Isnan National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract The Stump of Petung (Dendrocalamus asper) and Its Growth in The Toraja Nursery, South of Sulawesi Province Merryana Kiding Allo1*, Suhartati2, Nurhaedah Muin1, Wahyudi Isnan1 1Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, West Java, Indonesia 2Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia *email : merr004@brin.go.id Abstract. Dendrocalamus asper is a type of bamboo with a large diameter and strong fiber, so it has many benefits for the socio-cultural life of the community, especially in Tana Toraja. However, the extensive utilization has resulted in Dendrocalamus asper decreasing and has not yet been accompanied by adequate cultivation efforts. In order to provide Dendrocalamus asper, a cultivation step is needed starting from providing quality bamboo stumps. The provision of quality bamboo stumps is currently constrained due to the difficulty of growing bamboo stumps in nurseries. Therefore, a study is needed to obtain bamboo stumps that are able to grow fast and in accordance with environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine variations in the growth of the Dendrocalamus asper stump originating from several regions according to the height and plant growth regulators (PGRs). This study used a factorial design which was analyzed using an analysis of variance. The bamboo stump was taken from 3 locations namely from Enrekang Regency (<800 musl), Tana Toraja Regency (800-1000 musl), and North Toraja Regency (>1000 musl) with PGRs dose treatment. The parameters observed were growth percentage, shoots speed, number of shoots, and shoot length. The results showed that the interaction between the origin of the bamboo broodstock and PGRs dosage had no effect on the observed parameters. The source of the stumps affects the speed of sprouting. At the same time, the PGRs dosage affects the number of shoots. The growth percentage and stump shoot length were not affected by the origin of the bamboo stumps, PGRs dosage, or the interaction between the two. Information regarding variations in the vegetative growth of bamboo stump is expected to be input in meeting the needs of Dendrocalamus asper and as a recommendation for further nursery activities. Keywords: Petung,stump, hormon dosage Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Merryana Kiding Allo)

57	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-14
Floristic Composition and Species Diversity of Tree Communities at Lesong Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia Hasya Hannani Ruziman (a), Faezah Pardi (a,b*) (a) Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia (b) Institute for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Teknologi MARA. 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia *faezahpardi[at]uitm.edu.my Abstract Forested areas in Pahang include Lesong Forest Reserve have been gazetted as Permanent Reserved Forest (PRF) under the National Forestry Act 1984 for the purpose of sustainable forest management practices that offer economic, social, and environmental benefits. However, forest degradation and over-exploitation are threatening the biodiversity and ecological services provided by these forests. As a conservation measure, a study was conducted to quantify the community structure and species diversity of tree communities at Lesong Forest Reserve (LFR), Pahang, Malaysia. Eight sampling plots of 25 m x 25 m each were established randomly covering a total area of 0.5 ha in the study site. All trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 10 cm and above were measured, tagged, and identified. The floristic composition of trees at LFR consisted of 61 families, 192 genera and 601 species. Dryobalanops aromatica (Dipterocarpaceae) was the most dominant species at LFR with 520 trees, followed by Elateriospermum tapos (Euphorbiaceae) (307 trees) and Endospermum diadenum (Euphorbiaceae) (179 trees). Euphorbiaceae was the most speciose family with 48 species, followed by Dipterocarpaceae with 41 species and Myrtaceae with 38 species in total. The highest Important Value Index (IVi) at family level for LFR was Euphorbiaceae at 14.77% whilst at species level, Dryobalanops aromatica (Dipterocarpaceae) recorded IVi of 6.7%. The total biomass estimation at LFR was high with 3524.06 t/ha, represented by 2857.16 t/ha of above ground biomass and 666.89 t/ha of below ground biomass. The total basal area (BA) of trees at LFR was 281.14 m2/ha, which mostly contributed by Euphorbiaceae with 64.9 m2/ha. LFR was found to be the most diverse with Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index of 5.44, high richness index of 65.14 and moderate evenness index 0.42. This study showed that LFR has diverse tree species composition and significant amount of tree biomass, depicting the importance of the forest reserve as a carbon sink for terrestrial ecosystems. Keywords: forest, Lesong Forest Reserve, species diversity, tree species Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hasya Hannani Ruziman)

58	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-18
Suitability habitat of waterbird based on spatial analysis in Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatera-Indonesia U Meirani, A Zaitunah, Samsuri Universitas Sumatera Utara Abstract Water bird species is defined as a group of birds that are highly dependent on the aquatic environment. As one component of the ecosystem, waterbird requires a place or space to find food, drink and breed called habitat. The purpose of this study was to create a habitat suitability map and find out habitat conditions for water birds in Percut Sei Tuan District. This research was conducted in April 2018 until July 2018. Activities to identify land cover, food availability and potential disturbance of human activities in the form of roads were carried out by using remote sensing technology. ArcGIS and Erdas are used to find out habitat suitability. Observation of waterbird was done using the point count method with support a hand held counter. Research shows that Percut Sei Tuan sub-district consists of 8 types of land. Settlement is a land cover with the largest area is 6,467.58Ha and forest plantation land cover is the smallest area that is 165.86Ha. The study area is dominated by land with very low food availability with an area of 1.3495.91 hectares, while the potential for disturbances with the largest area reaching 17,567.29 hectares. The overlay results show that Percut Sei Tuan District is mostly having the unsuitability about 1,4975.00Ha. The unavailability of space for water birds to find food, drink, nest and breed can cause decreasing waterbirds.. Keywords: food availability, land cover, potential disturbance, habitat suitability, waterbird Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Samsuri Samsuri)

59	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-21
Diversity Of Kalotermitidae (Isoptera, Insecta) Dry-wood Termites in Tondano Minahasa North Sulawesi Jacklin Stella Salome Manoppo (a*), Zefanya Escriva Rafael Sakul (b) and Ernest Hanny Sakul (c) (a) School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *jacklinstellamanoppo[at]gmail.com (b) Public Senior High School 3 Tondano, Minahasa (c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural and Earth Sciences, Manado State University Abstract One of the most prevalent invertebrate groups in tropical ecosystems is termites. Despite their significant function, termites are a group of extremely destructive insect pests that attack wooden structures in the urban environment. Kalotermitidae is a family of dry-wood termites with many species which are pests to buildings in Tondano City. This research aimed to determine the diversity of Kalotermitidae and identify the termite species based on morphological characteristics. This study was carried out at Tondano Minahasa, and the areas for the research were chosen using a stratified random sampling approach (multilevel sampling), with consideration of the results of the preliminary termite presence investigations. By using the house-building survey method and the baiting method, specimens were collected. The soldier caste morphological observations and morphometric measures were used to identify the species of termite. The field observations and measurements of environmental parameters revealed that the altitude of 658 to 760 meters above sea level, the humidity range of 57% to 93,60%, and the temperature range of 23,370C to 37,500C, type of wood attacked are Nantu (Palaquium ridley), Cempaka (Elmerillia ovalis), and Pinus (Pinus merkusii), also influenced the development of Kalotermitidae species in the 4 districts under study. The results showed that there are two species found based on the morphological characteristics and morphometrical data, namely: Cryptotermes brevis and Cryptotermes dudleyi. Keywords: Drywood Termites, Kalotermitidae, Cryptotermes, Tondano Minahasa Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jacklin Stella Salome Manoppo)

60	Topik E: Biodiversity and ecotourism	ABS-23
Identification of pollen as food resource of honey bees Apis binghami in the village of Bonto Manurung, District of Tompobulu, Regency of Maros Sitti Nuraeni1*, Nurul Muhliza Syaid1, Andi Sadapotto1, Baharuddin1, Wahyudi2 1Faculty of Forestry Hasanuddin Univesity, Perintis Kemerdekaan Tamalanrea Km10, Makassar, Indonesia. 2Forestry Program, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Sulawesi Barat, Majene, Indonesia Abstract The endemic Sulawesi giant honey bee, Apis binghami, cannot be domesticated like other domesticated Apis genus bees. This bee foraging for sources of nectar and pollen from plants around the tree where its nesting.The purpose of this study is to identify the types of plant pollen in bee bread and honey as a means of identifying the food source of A. binghami forest bees and analyzing the category of honey they produce. The method used to extract pollen from honey and bee bread was acetolysis, a modified Erdtman method^s. The research found nine types of plant pollen in bee bread and seven in honey as food sources for A. binghami from samples collected from Bonto Manurung Village, Maros Regency. Aren palm (Arengan pinnata) pollen had the highest percentage frequency as a secondary pollen type group, along with mango (Mangifera sp) and kapok tree (Ceiba petandra). Other types of plant pollen were classified as important minor pollen type and minor pollen type, resulting in honey from the hunting location of Bonto Manurung Village being categorized as multifloral honey. Keywords: pollen extraction, honey, bee bread, Apis binghami Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sitti Nuraeni)

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