Diversity Of Kalotermitidae (Isoptera, Insecta) Dry-wood Termites in Tondano Minahasa North Sulawesi Jacklin Stella Salome Manoppo (a*), Zefanya Escriva Rafael Sakul (b) and Ernest Hanny Sakul (c)
(a) School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*jacklinstellamanoppo[at]gmail.com
(b) Public Senior High School 3 Tondano, Minahasa
(c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural and Earth Sciences, Manado State University
Abstract
One of the most prevalent invertebrate groups in tropical ecosystems is termites. Despite their significant function, termites are a group of extremely destructive insect pests that attack wooden structures in the urban environment. Kalotermitidae is a family of dry-wood termites with many species which are pests to buildings in Tondano City. This research aimed to determine the diversity of Kalotermitidae and identify the termite species based on morphological characteristics. This study was carried out at Tondano Minahasa, and the areas for the research were chosen using a stratified random sampling approach (multilevel sampling), with consideration of the results of the preliminary termite presence investigations. By using the house-building survey method and the baiting method, specimens were collected. The soldier caste morphological observations and morphometric measures were used to identify the species of termite. The field observations and measurements of environmental parameters revealed that the altitude of 658 to 760 meters above sea level, the humidity range of 57% to 93,60%, and the temperature range of 23,370C to 37,500C, type of wood attacked are Nantu (Palaquium ridley), Cempaka (Elmerillia ovalis), and Pinus (Pinus merkusii), also influenced the development of Kalotermitidae species in the 4 districts under study. The results showed that there are two species found based on the morphological characteristics and morphometrical data, namely: Cryptotermes brevis and Cryptotermes dudleyi.
