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1	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-3
Study of tropical cyclone induced compound flood in Kupang City, Indonesia Cecilia Nonifili Yuanita* School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Insitut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *25422035[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id Abstract Cyclone Seroja is one of the atmospheric disasters in Indonesia that caused a major impact, especially in East Nusa Tenggara region. Climatologically, Indonesia is not an area where tropical cyclones form, but due to the impact of climate change, tropical cyclones are increasingly appearing in low-latitude areas and cross the land which also caused disasters, such as compound flooding (flood and flash flood) due to the 2021 Sawu Sea tropical cyclone in Kupang City. The fatalities are low, but the physical damage is high (approximately 12.692 houses affected and about 403 houses heavily damaged). The existing early warnings were ignored which is also related to the community^s risk misperception of the tropical cyclone that occurred. To reduce these risks, prevention and mitigation measures are urgently needed by carrying out risk assessments that can be integrated into existing urban planning, but tropical cyclones have not been classified into the disaster risk assessments conducted in Indonesia and the lack of knowledge about tropical cyclone risks. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a study of tropical cyclone induced compound flood (TC-compound flood induced) in Kupang City. This study carried out by comprehensively identifying the pre, during and post-disaster phases followed by disaster risk assessment of the TC-compound flood induced that occurred. From the results of the assessment, strategies can be formulated to integrate it into the existing spatial planning. Keywords: tropical cyclone- TC-compound flood induced- disaster risk assessment- spatial planning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Cecilia Nonifili Yuanita)

2	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-18
The Effect of Rapid Update Cycle Techniques on The Accuracy of Rain Event Prediction During Borneo Vortex Occurrence in The West Kalimantan Region 1)3) Prabu Aditya S, 2)3) Fitria Puspitasari 1) Ranai Meteorological Station, Indonesia 2) School of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics of Indonesia 3) The Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics of Republic of Indonesia (BMKG) Abstract Information on accurate weather forecasts is an important requirement for everyday people. For that, a numerical weather model is needed that accurately predicts the weather. The Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) technique is a step in assimilating data every time it cycles. The purpose of this RUC technique is to improve rainfall intensity for short-term rainfall predictions. With the background of the purpose of the RUC, then in this thesis report a study was conducted on the influence of the RUC technique with variations in cycle times of one, three, six and twelve hours. Assimilation is done using assimilation of radial velocity data. This research was conducted in the West Kalimantan region. Therefore, in this study taking the Borneo Vortex case study routinely occurs as one of the phenomena that increases rainfall in the West Kalimantan region. Based on the results of the study, in general all RUC models have a spatial distribution of the area of rainfall, which has a pattern similar to the non-assimilation model, but differs for the intensity of rain in some areas. Furthermore, if viewed based on the rain category verification, the RUC model with a cycle time of one and three hours is better than the non assimilated WRF model. From the four RUC model schemes, it can be concluded that the best sequence of WRF model repairs is the RUC model with one hour cycle time, RUC model with three-hour cycle time, non assimilation WRF model, RUC model with six hour cycle time and RUC model with cycle time twelve hours. Keywords: RUC, WRFDA, radial velocity, Borneo Vortex Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Prabu Aditya S)

3	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-27
Rain Scanner Radar and Optical Flow Combination For Early Identification of The Incoming Bow Echo-Heavy Precipitation Ginaldi Ari Nugroho (a*), Asif Awaludin (a), Tiin Sinatra (a), Nani Cholianawati (a), Edy Maryadi (b), Syahrul (b), Annida Rahmawati (c) a) Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia b) Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia c) Research Center for Smart Mechatronics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia Abstract In this study, heavy precipitation in the form of bow echo is observed, identified and tracked using a rain scanner and optical flow method. Two case studies of bow echoes with a range of properties from 15 to 33 km were observed in the afternoon on 1st February and 4th February 2021. The rain scanner developed based on X-band radar could obtain the first detection of the bow echo shape. The difference between these two bow echoes events is from their initiation. The first bow echo cases are initiated from weakly organized cells. Meanwhile, the second case of bow echo is initiated from a squall line event. Bow echo is initially observed in the western part of Bandung city. Approximately twenty minutes after the first detection, the bow echo passed the center of Bandung city. Image processing using edge detection could track the bow echo from the radar data. Applied Lucas-Kanade optical flow was then used to retrieve the bow echo movement. Vector flow from optical flow showed the dominant movement toward the east direction in both case studies. A simple approach to predict the incoming time of the bow echo using the estimated speed from vector flow and the distance between the bow echo and Bandung city is also presented. Keywords: Bow echo, rain scanner, radar, optical flow Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ginaldi Ari Nugroho)

4	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-29
Rainfall Nowcasting Based On Ground-Based Cloud Images Using Machine Learning (A Case Study In Majalaya) Frank Leonard Tansaulu1, Yanuar Rizky Ramadhan1, Muhammad Rais Abdillah2, Edi Riawan2,3, Wendi Harjupa4, Riki Waskito5, Mimid Suamid5, Yadi Mulyadi5, Indra Mustofa5 1Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2Atmospheric Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 3Center for Water Resource Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 4Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia 5Garda Caah, Community Volunteers, Majalaya, Indonesia Abstract Majalaya is one of the area that often experiences flooding problems due to rain that occurs in the upstream area of the Cirasea Sub-watershed. This causes the local community to independently make manual rain predictions by observing cloud patterns in the upstream areas that have the potential to produce rain and cause flooding in Majalaya. However, manual predictions made by the community have several drawbacks, namely they are very subjective, and less effective because there must always be someone who makes observations. Therefore, this research was conducted to build a model of detection and prediction of the rain events automatically using a machine learning model. This study uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method, which is one of the methods in machine learning that aims to extract the features that exist in the image, so as to produce a function model that can determine the output of the image inputted to the model. The model is built with two schemes, namely a detection scheme for a 0 minute time lag and a prediction scheme for a 10, 20, and 30 minute time lag. To determine the model with the best performance, the model that has been built is validated with three cloud cover conditions, namely cloudy, balanced, and sunny, and tested with several test parameters such as accuracy, bias, probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and threat score (TS). The results showed that the model with a time lag of 0 minutes, with an accuracy value of 86%, had the best performance in determining whether it rained or not in the upstream area of the Cirasea Sub-watershed, compared to the models with 10 minutes time lag (80%), 20 minutes time lag (68%), and 30 minutes time lag (66%). This model also has a better accuracy value than the accuracy value of the validation results from the detection made by three observers who used to observe cloud patterns in the Majalaya area. This shows that the model built is quite promising if it is implemented to assist the community in flood disaster mitigation activities in the Majalaya area. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Machine learning model, Majalaya, Rainfall, Ground-based images Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Frank Leonard Tansaulu)

5	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-45
SIGNIFICANT PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES OVER INDONESIA IN THE AFTERMATH OF IOD EVENTS Chairul Nazli Nasution (a*), Faiz Rohman Fajary (b), Muhammad Rais Abdillah(b), Aditya Rakhmat Kartadikaria (c) (a) Graduate Program in Earth Science, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *chairulnazli1[at]gmail.com (b) Atmospheric Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia (c) Oceanography Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is one of the prominent climate phenomena affecting Indonesia. The well-documented impacts of IOD are dry and wet anomalies during positive and negative IOD events, respectively, which are clearly detected during the development and mature phases of IOD in the boreal summer to autumn (June-November). IOD impacts on other seasons were questionable because of unclear associated signals. Here, we show that there are significant climate anomalies in the aftermath of IOD events, which reach a peak in the following spring (March-May). The delayed pattern is distinctive with the typical impact of IOD. During positive IOD, the quick recovery and warming of IOD-induced sea surface temperature in the eastern Indian Ocean due to increasing shortwave radiation is suggested to play a role. When the influence of ENSO is linearly removed, the aftermath impacts of IOD in the western regions appear to be suppressed because of weaker positive SST anomalies. While the eastern regions show anomalous increase on precipitation due to anomalous increase of convergence. This finding reveals the complex impacts of IOD and ENSO and may benefit to developing a better seasonal forecast over the Maritime Continent. Keywords: Indian Ocean Dipole, ENSO, precipitation anomaly Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chairul Nazli Nasution)

6	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-59
Prediction of Convective Available Potential Energy and Equivalent Potential Temperature using a Coupled WRF and Deep Learning for Typhoon Identification Mamad Tamamadin (a,c), Changkye Lee (b), Seong-Hoon Kee (a,b), Jurng-Jae Yee (a,b) a) Department of ICT Integrated Ocean Smart Cities Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea b) University Core Research Center for Disaster-free and Safe Ocean City Construction, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea c) Department of Meteorology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract To predict typhoon in the western North Pacific ocean, it is required to predict the determinants of typhoon activities. The formation of typhoon can be controlled by Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Equivalent Potential Temperature (EPT). To predict the variables, a mesoscale numerical model of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) can be used. However, the output of WRF needs to improve to obtain the more accurate CAPE and EPT prediction. This study uses a coupled WRF model and Deep Learning Multilayer Perceptron Regressor approach to increase CAPE and EPT prediction skill. Dataset scenario with WRF outputs as predictors and sounding data as predictors is developed and tested to obtain the most appropriate package of deep learning simulation. The study found that coupled models provide increased accuracy of CAPE and EPT using the dataset containing correlated predictors. This study also shows the difference in spatial distribution of CAPE and EPT between from WRF and its coupled model. Keywords: accuracy improvement- CAPE- deep learning- EPT- typhoon- WRF Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mamad Tamamadin)

7	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-67
Utilization of Jason-3 Satellite Altimetry Data for Observation of Tropical Cyclone Seroja Hananda Dwi Mahetran (a*), Dudy Darmawan Wijaya (a), Zamzam Akhmad Jamaluddin Tanuwijaya (a), Ivonne Milichristi Radjawane (b), Hansan Park (c) a) Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *hanandadmahetran[at]gmail.com b) Oceanography, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Marine Technology Cooperation Research Center Abstract The Jason-3 Satellite Altimetry has two main instruments: the Poseidon-3B Altimeter and the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR). The two sensors produce many output data. Data commonly used to observe tropical cyclones are Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) and Significant Wave Height (SWH). This research tries something new by adding three other data, namely Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), Liquid Water Content (LWC), and Wind Speed (WS). The object of this research is the tropical cyclone Seroja which occurred from 2 to 12 April 2021. This research was conducted to obtain spatial and temporal profiles of each variable. The results of this study indicate that the tropical cyclone Seroja causes an increase in SLA, PWV, SWH, LWC, and WS. In addition, the spatial model for the five variables in April 2021 obtained using IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) can also provide information on the influence of tropical cyclones in various places. Keywords: Liquid water content- Precipitable water vapor- Sea level anomaly- Significant wave height- Tropical cyclone- Wind speed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hananda Dwi Mahetran)

8	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-72
SHORT-TERM RAIN PREDICTION BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGE USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) (CASE STUDY: MAJALAYA SUBDISTRICT AND SURROUNDINGS) Yanuar Rizky Ramadhan1, Frank Leonard Tansaulu1, Edi Riawan2,3, Muhammad Rais Abdillah2, Wendi Harjupa4, Riki Waskito5, Mimid Suamid5, Yadi Mulyadi5, Indra Mustofa5 1Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2Atmospheric Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 3Center for Water Resource Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 4Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia 5Garda Caah, Community Volunteers, Majalaya, Indonesia Abstract Majalaya Subistrict is an area that often experiences flooding due to rain. The existence of reliable rain prediction information is needed to support community preparedness in the area in the face of flooding. In this study, a short-term rain prediction model for Majalaya Subistrict and its surroundings was made by training the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm to be able to distinguish between cloud features in satellite images that indicate rain and those that do not indicate rain at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes to come in Majalaya Subistrict and its surroundings. The CNN algorithm is trained using a set of historical satellite image data sourced from the Himawari-8 satellite which has gone through several preprocessing stages (cutting, composite, and classification/labeling) to produce the expected model. The model generated through the training process is then validated using a validation data set consisting of four categories of images, each of which describes the characteristics of the dominant cloud depicted in the image. The validation results are written in the form of a contingency table and then used to calculate the probability of detection, bias score, false alarm ratio, and the overall accuracy of the prediction model to analyze the level of reliability. The results of this study indicate that the rain prediction model with a time lag of 30 minutes is able to predict all categories of images in the validation data set well. Meanwhile, the rain prediction model with a time lag of 60, 90, and 120 minutes has difficulty in predicting the image category that represents the dominance of clear skies and the image category that represents the dominance of thick clouds with high-level top (Cb). Rain prediction models with time lags of 60, 90, and 120 minutes have a high tendency to under forecast when receiving input image categories that represent the dominance of clear skies and have a high tendency to over forecast when receiving input image categories that represent the dominance of thick clouds with high-level top (Cb). Keywords: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Machine learning model, Rainfall, Satellite image Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yanuar Rizky Ramadhan)

9	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-78
Correlation Analysis of GNSS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) with Rainfall Data in Indonesia Azhari Barbarosa (a), Dudy D. Wijaya (a), Zamzam A.J. Tanuwijaya (a), Nabila Sofia Eryan Putri (a), Wedyanto Kuntjoro (a) a) Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) have become an important tool for various activities related to positioning, such as navigation, construction projects, and deformation measurement. Additionally, GNSS can also estimate Precipitable Vapor Vapor (PWV) for meteorological purposes. PWV is a measure of atmospheric water vapor, which can eventually precipitate as rain. Since Indonesia^s climate is mainly characterized by the change in rainfall, monitoring precipitation is a crucial step in understanding its pattern. In this study, we aim to analyze the correlation between PWV and rainfall in Indonesia. We used GNSS observations from the InaCORS network across Indonesia, as well as rainfall data from GSMaP at the InaCORS stations in 2019. Both of these data are normalized every five days (pentad days) and compared to each other to obtain the Pearson^s correlation coefficients. From these results, we generated a heatmap of the Pearson^s correlation coefficients between pentad PWV and rainfall at InaCORS locations in Indonesia. Moreover, we also analyzed the timeseries of PWV and rainfall comparison at several sampling stations. From the foundings we found, PWV and rainfall correlate each other in positive way. Southern regions of Indonesia have higher correlation compared to northern regions of Indonesia Keywords: GNSS- InaCORS- Rainfall- PWV Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Azhari Barbarosa)

10	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-79
The Influence of Madden Julian Oscillation on The Variability of Particulate Matter 2.5 Concentration in Indonesian Maritime Continent Deta Ewila Sinuraya(a*), Rachmy Fitriani(a), Faiz Rohman Fajary(a) a) Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology *detaewilabrsinuraya[at]gmail.com Abstract Indonesia is the country that has the highest ranking in Southeast Asia in PM2.5 pollution. PM2.5 concentration can be decreased through various processes, one of which is wet deposition through the rain. Rainfall in Indonesia is affected by a very complex phenomenon, one of which is the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). MJO affects rainfall anomalies in the area it passes through. The increase and decrease of rainfall due to the MJO is thought to have influenced the distribution of PM2.5 in Indonesia. This research is conducted to study how MJO influences PM2.5 concentrations in the Indonesian Maritime Continent during the wet and dry seasons. Surface PM2.5 concentration data from the reanalysis of MERRA-2 M2R1NXAER data, MSWEP rainfall data, and MJO data index from Bureau of Meteorology Australia in 1980-2018 were processed using composite analysis and correlation of rainfall anomaly and PM2.5 anomaly to see the effect of active MJO on PM2.5 concentration and its constituent components in the wet and dry seasons. The anomaly values of rainfall and PM2.5 were obtained by performing a bandpass filtering (20-70 days). Before doing a bandpass filter, the mean and first three harmonic of the annual cycle is removed to eliminate unwanted variability. The results of this study indicate that the PM2.5 concentration anomaly is higher in the dry season than in the wet season. in the wet season, the PM2.5 concentration has a positive anomaly in phase 7 and a negative in phase 4 in most parts of Indonesia. In the dry season, positive anomalies occur in phases 6-8 and negative anomalies in phases 1-4 in most northern Indonesia. PM2.5 anomaly responses due to rainfall anomalies in the wet and dry seasons mostly show a negative correlation in Indonesia, covering the areas of Kalimantan, Papua, Sumatra, and Sulawesi. Keywords: Indonesia- Madden Julian Oscillation- MERRA-2- PM2.5- Rainfall anomaly Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Deta Ewila Sinuraya)

11	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-87
Indication of Climate Change from Raindrop Size and Its Potential for Erosion Lilik S. Supriatin, Fadli Naufal, Atep Radiana, Fahmi Rahmatia, Lambang Nurdiansyah, Edi Maryadi, dan Sinta B. Sipayung Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) Abstract Research has been carried out regarding the size of raindrop diameter in Pontianak city using a disdrometer instrument. The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamics of raindrop size and its impact on soil erosion. The results show that for 2 years (2018-2019), the diameter of raindrops ranges from 4 - 12 mm. When compared with the reference in 1949, the diameter of raindrops ranged from 0.3 - 5 mm. This shows that there has been a change in the size of raindrop diameters for approximately 69 years (1949 - 2018). If the period for one climate change is 30 years, then the period 1949-2018 can be said to have experienced two periods of climate change. Differences in the diameter of raindrops from 1949 to 2018 can show as an indication of climate change. One of the parameter indicators of climate change is the rainfall parameter. Rainfall parameters include rain height (rain depth), rain duration, rain intensity, and based on the results of this study the latest is the size of raindrop diameter. This change in the size of the raindrops causes the potential for hydrometeorological disasters (floods and landslides) to get worse, both in quantity (the number of areas affected by the disaster) and in quality (the impact of the disaster is getting worse). This is because the larger the size of the raindrops, the higher the intensity of rain (floods, landslides, and moving ground) and the greater the speed of falling raindrops (landslide and moving ground). Raindrops measuring 12 mm will have a rain intensity of 322.36 mm/hour and a falling speed of 24.2 m/s compared to 5 mm raindrops which only have a rain intensity of 134 mm/hour and a raindrop falling speed of 10 .08m/s. Keywords: climate, change, disdrometer, rain drop Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lilik Slamet Supriatin)

12	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-94
Detection of tropical cyclone Seroja based on precipitable water vapor from InaCORS data Nabila S.E. Putri (a*), Dudy D. Wijaya (b), M. Rais Abdillah (c), Wedyanto Kuntjoro (b), Zamzam Tanuwijaya (b), Sidik T. Wibowo (d) a) Surveying and Cadastre Research Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia b) Geodesy Research Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia c) Atmospheric Science Research Group, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia d) Division for Horizontal Control Network and Geodynamics, Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia Abstract Tropical cyclones are low pressure systems created by a local heating of the sea surface, which triggers an intense convective activity involving large amounts of water vapor. A deadly tropical cyclone was formed in the early April 2021 over the Savu Sea and was given the name Seroja. This study aims to understand the characteristics of Seroja based on the precipitable water vapor (PWV) as derived from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data. Observations at 22 permanent GNSS stations, as well as in situ meteorological sensors, in the Nusa Tenggara region from 1 March 2021 until 30 April 2021 were used for this purpose. Surface pressure values dropped significantly by more than 20 hPa, while relative humidity increased and temperature was reduced. Furthermore, during the formation of Seroja, PWV values gradually increased, reaching its peak around the time of when the cyclone was at its closest. After the cyclone had passed, PWV values decreased rapidly, dropping from around 70 mm to below 20 mm at CKUP. PWV pre-Seroja tends to be larger than post-Seroja, whereas post-Seroja PWV was more variable. Keywords: GNSS, precipitable water vapor, tropical cyclone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nabila S.E. Putri)

13	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-100
ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF SUB-DAILY EXTREME PRECIPITATION ALONG THE UPPER CITARUM RIVER BASIN Iyya Juwita Pangesti (a), Edi Riawan(b)(c), Yogi Sahat Maruli Simanjuntak(d) a.Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia b.Atmospheric Science Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia c.Center for Water Resource Development, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia d.Department of Civil Engineering (Hidraulic Laboratory), Hiroshima University, Japan Abstract The Upper Citarum River Basin area always experiences flooding every year, the majority of which are triggered by extreme precipitation. On the other hand, extreme precipitation characteristics with daily scale data cannot reflect the more detailed intensity and frequency of precipitation. BBWS Citarum has installed Automatic Weather Station (AWS) since 2017 with 1 hour temporal resolution. Based on the following considerations, it is necessary to analyze the sub-daily extreme precipitation characteristics in the Upper Citarum River Basin to increase flood preparedness. This study uses the threshold of extreme rainfall by choosing the 95th percentile of all historical hourly precipitation. Then We adopted the diurnal percentage (DP) and variation of EPA/EPF/EPI. In addition, the Quality Control (QC) method is used in order to check the validity of the data. Based on the hourly observation precipitation in 7 stations during 2017-2021, the characteristics of extreme precipitation (EP) diurnal cycle along the Upper Citarum River Basin (UCRB) and their regional and monthly differences during all season have been indicated and revealed in this study. Results show that the EP amount (EPA) over most of UCRB exhibits one diurnal peak in late afternoon. The late afternoon EPA diurnal peaks mainly resulted from the short duration EP events. However, both the short and long duration EP events lead to the nocturnal diurnal peaks. The EP events with short duration over UCRB frequently start, peak and end in late afternoon (15:00) Jakarta Time, and EP events with long duration over south of UCRB (Kertasari) frequently start in the afternoon and typically end at around 14:00 and 18:00-19:00 Jakarta time. Meanwhile, the EP frequency (EPF) diurnal cycles over most of UCRB exhibit obvious monthly differences in all season, which show a dominant peak in February. These results are very important to improve the accuracy of flood modeling and flood prediction. Keywords: Sub-daily- Extreme rainfall- Upper Citarum River Basin (UCRB) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iyya Juwita Pangesti)

14	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-103
Radiometric Calibration of in-orbit LAPAN A3 Thermal Infrared Imager using Himawari-8 satellite AHI Sensor Halimurrahmana, Romy Hartonob, Kamirulb, Wakhid Abdurrohmanb, Patria Rachman Hakimb, Asif Awaludina,*, Agus Herawanb, Satriya Utamab, Didi Satiadia, Wahyudi Hasbib aResearch Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung Indonesia bResearch Center for Satellite Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor Indonesia *corresponding author, email : sf.wldn[at]gmail.com Abstract The National Institute of Aeronautics and Space, now integrated into the National Research and Innovation Agency, had launched the LAPAN-A3/IPB satellite equipped with a thermal infrared (TIR) sensor. The thermal imager is provided by FLIR with a resolution of 640x320 using a 60 mm lens and can perform a swath width of around 92km. The output of this thermal camera is a 14-bit analog video. Since the 8-12 &#956-m band sensor is an analog camera, it must be converted into digital images and calibrated to produce brightness temperature (BT). In this research, the radiometric calibration is conducted using the IR1 channel of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) of the Himawari-8 satellite. The TIR sensor resolution is higher than the AHI sensor, thanks to its lower orbit height. The calibration procedure follows several steps of image and data processing. The first is creating a digital image mosaic of TIR data using the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. The created mosaic image must then be inverted to resemble AHI image. Then, find the relation between the digital number (DN) of the TIR camera and the IR1 channel of Himawari-8. Third, convert the DN of the TIR sensor into BT using the AHI IR1 channel as a reference. Lastly, validate the obtained BT using three overlapped and collocated scenes of both satellite images. According to the results, the RANSAC algorithm recognizes several discontinued images during mosaic creation due to low image quality yielded from video-to-image conversion. However, the validation results from the three locations indicate that the TIR sensor can estimate BT and produce largely consistent results. Further, these results will be followed by radiometric calibration by in-situ measurement. Keywords: LAPAN A3/IPB, Radiometric Calibration, Thermal Infrared Camera, Temperature Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asif Awaludin)

15	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-110
EFFECT OF RAINFALL VARIATION DUE TO ENSO ON TEA PRODUCTIVITY IN WEST JAVA (Case Study: Bandung Regency) Rahmatika, Joko Wiratmo Faculty of Earth Science & Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Email: joko.wiratmo[at]meteo.itb.ac.id Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rainfall variations due to ENSO on tea productivity in West Java with case study Bandung regency using monthly rainfall data from 2003-2020, tea production from 2003-2020, and Nino index 3.4. The used method are FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), Butterworth Bandpass Filter, and correlation. To see the effect of ENSO on tea products in the study area, it was used BBF in the cut off 3 and 7 years. Rainfall pattern in Rancabali, Pasirjambu, Pangalengan and Kertasari (RPPK) district is monsoon. Power spectrum analysis shows that interannual pattern (ENSO) is one of the factors that have an impact on rainfall variations with different levels. The lowest negative correlation occurred in Rancabali and Pasirjambu districts with consecutive values of -0.085 and -0.063 while for Pangalengan and Kertasari districts had a positive correlation of 0.030 and 0.027. Then, the effect of rainfall variation due to ENSO on tea productivity has a low negative correlation for each RPK namely -0.023, -0.053, -0.137, and -0.239. Keywords: rainfall, ENSO, tea productivity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Joko Wiratmo)

16	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-111
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATIC FACTORS ON DISPERSION OF RICE EAR BUG ON RICE PLANTATION (Case Study: Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java) Irwan Santosa, Joko Wiratmo Faculty of Earth Science & Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Email: joko.wiratmo[at]meteo.itb.ac.id Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of climate parameters on the extent of rice ear bug attack on rice plants in Tasikmalaya Regency, Province West Java. The climate parameters used in this study include temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind. Rice productivity data were also taken into account to support the results of the study. The area of pest attack was used as the dependent variable and the climate parameter was used as the independent variable. Statistical analysis used is multiple linear regression, which will give results in the form of the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable partially, and simultaneously, as well as the coefficient of determination (R2). A spatial plot of wind direction on the distribution of rice ear bug in West Java Province was also carried out, to see the effect of wind on the distribution of rice ear bug in Tasikmalaya Regency. Based on the climogram, it is known that the optimum development time for rice ear bug is in the middle of June to early July. Regression analysis shows that temperature is a very influential climate parameter compared to other parameters on the area of pest attack, which is 60,5%. However, simultaneously the three parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) affect pest attack by 83.1%. The winds that affect the distribution of the pest are JJA period with an average speed of 3-7 m/s. Keywords: rice, bug, dispersion, climate parameters Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Joko Wiratmo)

17	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-118
Please Just Try to Submit This Sample AbstractCharacteristics of PM2.5 in Pontianak as an area affected by forest fires Sumaryati, Estiningtyas, Risyanto, Saipul hamdi National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract Peat land fire produces a lot of smoke-content particulate because of incomplete combustion of underground biomass. Pontianak the capital city of West Kalimantan is affected by peat land fires. This paper studies the particulate of PM2.5 in 2021 coinciding with moderate La Nina which short dry season effect not supported fire. PM2.5 concentration is analyzed by considering the air quality standard, atmospheric stability, and hotspot account in the area with a radius of less than 1&#61616-, 2&#61616-, and 3&#61616- observed by the SNPP satellite. Analysis of daily average PM2.5 concentrations during 2020 shows that 5% of data exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standard and 15% of data exceed WHO-air quality guidelines. The high increase in PM2.5 is related to the number of hotspots in an area with a radius of 1 (111 km), which hotspot accounts correlate with the equatorial rainfall pattern in the region. Seasonal analysis shows that there is a very high concentration difference in day and night in the DJF and MAM periods. This is thought to be related to the inversion event at 07.00 where during the MAM and DJF periods there were many double inversions, namely surface inversion, and subsidence inversion, causing particulate matter to settle on the earth^s surface. Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, hotspot, inversion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sumaryati Sumaryati)

18	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-119
The Projection of potential and climate change impact on the photovoltaic systems energy in Indonesia region Mahmud, Edy Maryadi, Syukri Darmawan, Aulia Darojatun, Adi Witono Nati Abstract In planning and studying the solar energy system, the amount of solar energy reaching the earth^s surface is assumed to be constant, but with climate change, the level of air pollution and solar energy may become unstable again from time to time and change over a period of 30 years. Based on the CCAM simulation data using the GFDL-CM3 model with the RCP 4.5 scenario, the results of the analysis of the linkage of the impact of changes in temperature and solar energy on photovoltaic system energy over a 30-year period show that there was a decrease in photovoltaic system energy by 40% for the 2006-2035 period compared to the baseline period 1976-2005, while in the period 2036- 2065 to the baseline there was an increase in the energy of the photovoltaic system up to 7% Keywords: RCP scenario, photovoltaic system energy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Edy Maryadi)

19	Atmospheric Sciences	ABS-120
Moisture transport and atmospheric conditions supporting the formation of self-organization convective cloud during heavy rainfall over West Java (15-16 July 2022) Anis Purwaningsih National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract Devastating floods occurred over West Java for 15 -16 July 2022. The main triggers of those floods were heavy rainfall that reached 155 mm/day at the West Java Climatology station. The indication of self-organization convective cloud developments is identified by the previous study. However, the elaboration on moisture sources and factors related to cloud formation has not been well described. This paper aims to track the moisture source of this heavy precipitation and understand the meteorological and oceanic factors supporting cloud formation resulting in heavy rainfall. We used a lagrangian approach (HYSPLIT model) to track moisture responsible for heavy precipitation over three different regions (Garut, Tangerang, and Bogor) by utilizing GDAS and ERA5 data for model input, during rainfall peaks. For three different locations tracking was conducted over three different tracking altitudes (500 m, 1000 m, and 3000 m), to determine the vertical structure of moisture and other meteorological factors (CAPE, CINH, and convergence). For analyzing the time series of rainfall, the GSMaP data was employed. Results indicate that there were two rainfall peaks at 07 UTC, on 15 July 2022, and 00 UTC, on 16 July 2022. Output models indicate that 72 hours prior to the first rainfall peak, moisture was mainly from the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) over an altitude of 1000 to 2500 m. While in the second rainfall peak, moisture advected from SETIO over a lower altitude (0 to 1500 m). Moreover, moisture recycling over Java Island was also detected to contribute as the source of this second peak. A high Integrated Vertical Moisture Transport (over 300 kg.m-1.s-1) supported the moisture advection in the second and first peaks, as the high moisture content transported from the source region toward the flooding locations. Overall, this study indicates that oceanic moisture over SETIO and terrestrial moisture over Java contributed to heavy rainfall. Keywords: Moisture source, lagrangian tracking, oceanic source, moisture recycling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anis Purwaningsih)

20	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-7
ANALYSIS OF SOIL DEFORMATION DUE TO OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND MICRO HYDROCARBONS SEEPAGE IN NGASEM DISTRICT, BOJONEGORO REGENCY Husein Sadewa Wiguna (a*), Noorlaila Hayati (a) a) Faculty of Planning and Earth Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November *sadewawigunahusein[at]gmail.com Abstract Land subsidence is the result of the extraction of fluids in the rock pores from sediment compression. The decrease occurred due to exploitation of oil and gas wells in the area which took and caused sediment compression to decrease. In addition to the result of excessive hydrocarbon extraction, hydrocarbon micro seepage can also trigger anomalies at ground level. This anomaly is due to the large number of hydrocarbons in the reservoir and the dynamic accumulation of oil and gas, causing the absence of a perfect seal rock, so this study aims to determine the average rate of subsidence in Ngasem District and analyze the relationship between soil deformation and exploration activities. oil and gas and hydrocarbon micro-seepage. The method used in this study uses the InSAR Time Series method with LiCSAR Sentinel 1 SLC data and Generic Atmospheric Corrction Online Service (GACOS) used from 2014 to 2022 for deformation data. Meanwhile for the distribution map of the hydrobarone micro seepage obtained from Exxon Mobil and the East Java Basin Exploration Well obtained from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The results showed that the deformation of the soil surface in Ngasem District was very diverse due to the geological structure, exploration wells and the potential for hydrocarbon micro seepage. From the results of deformation processing in the Ngasem District area, the highest speed of increase in the research area is at 77mm/year while the largest decrease is at -85 mm/year. Exxon Mobile^s exploration wells have a subsidence of -30mm/year while the potential for hydrocarbon micro seepage has increased by 60mm/year. From the results of the analysis of the decline that occurred in exploration wells due to the exploitation of oil and gas Keywords: Hydrocarbon Exploration-Micro Hydrocarbon Seepage-SBAS Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Husein Sadewa Wiguna)

21	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-8
The fossil records and paleoecological patterns of Southern edge of South Sumatra Basin in Linggapura, Lampung DG Harbowo(a,b,*)- D Pratama (b)- B Priadi (a,b)- T Julian (b)- DJP Sihombing(b) a. Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *danni.gathot[at]itera.ac.id b. Institut Teknologi Sumatera Way Hui, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia Abstract The South Sumatra Basin is identified as the Paleogene-Neogene sedimentary basin with Mesozoic/older basements in the eastern Barisan Mountains, covering the Jambi, South Sumatra, and Lampung regions. The Lampung region is the southernmost part of the South Sumatra basin. Several South Sumatra Basin constituent formations, such as the Talangakar, Baturaja, and Kasai formations, are apparently present in this area. We investigated this formation through fossil records and described the paleoecological patterns. It is necessary to better comprehend the paleoenvironmental conditions of the edge of the South Sumatra Basin throughout its geological history. It was conducted using measured stratigraphy and fossil observations along the Way Penandingan River in Linggapura, Lampung. The bottom of this area consists of Cretaceous granite. This granite forms the base of the nonconformity sedimentary rocks in this area. The sedimentary rock in this area consists of quartz sandstone to conglomerate with fossilized plant/vegetation remains. The fossils were coalified-carbonized, and some were silicified. The sedimentary rock is similar to the characteristics of the Oligocene Talangakar Formation. Above it are some layers of coral reef limestone containing Miocene reef-lagoonal large foraminifera that is analogous to the Baturaja Formation. Based on the examination of the fossil record and paleoecological patterns, the southern edge of the South Sumatra Basin at Linggapura began to develop in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. The ecological conditions in this part of the basin began with the development of terrestrial humid swamps to the fluvial-deltaic environments. It then evolved into arid lagoonal to reef environments, at least 10 million years since the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. Keywords: fossil, paleoecology, south sumatra basin, plant fossil, coal, large foraminifera Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Danni Gathot Harbowo)

22	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-15
Identification of Non-Volcanic Geothermal Systems Based on Gravity, Magnetic and Land Surface Temperature Satellite Data in the Sajau Hot Springs Area, North Kalimantan Nanda Ridki Permana (a*), Fadhlur Rahman (b), Belista Gunawan (b), Ayu Alvita Primastika (b), Dhika Faiz Fadrian (c), Fardhan Rafshan Zani (c), Amara Wulandari (c), Melly (c) a) PT Minelog Services Indonesia, Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD), Industrial Estate and Warehouse Techno Park Block G1 Number 10, Sektor 11 Street, Setu, South Tangerang, Banten, 15220, Indonesia. *nandaridki836[at]gmail.com b) GeoXplore Indonesia, Kincir Air Street, Pondok Manggis Block B6, Bojong Baru, Bojonggede, Bogor, West Java, 16920, Indonesia. c) Departement of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, 95 Ir. H. Juanda Street, Cempaka Putih, Ciputat, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, 15412, Indonesia. Abstract Geothermal is an alternative energy source that needs to be developed along with the increasing population in Indonesia. Given that Indonesia has the second largest geothermal potential in the world with reserves of 29 GW. One of the non-volcanic geothermal areas is in Sajau Village, North Kalimantan with manifestations in the form of hot springs. To find out the geothermal system in the area, a subsurface investigation is needed involving the correlation between gravity, magnetic and Land Surface Temperature (LST) methods. Gravity and magnetic data are satellite data with each data obtained a total of 8536 and 2610 data. The data is then processed to provide a very good correlation between the gravity and magnetic anomalies around the Sajau hot springs. It can be seen that the position of the high gravity anomaly (0.1 \(-\) 0.6 mGal) is the same as the low magnetic anomaly (-1.095 \(-\) (-0.444) nT), where the high gravity value is caused by rock intrusion below the surface and the rock intrusion causes the rocks around it to be altered so that the value magnetic field decreases in the surrounding rock. The results from the LST show surface temperatures around the Sajau hot springs with values ranging from 25.7 \(-\) 28.3 degree Celcius which are caused by the temperature of the hot steam and the presence of heat source (intrusive rock) and rock alteration due to hydrothermal flow. In 3D inversion modelling, two model sections trending west-east were carried out, where sections A1 - A2 and B1 - B2 show each other sandstone as a reservoir with a density of 2.565 \(-\) 2.67 gr/cc and a depth of 500 \(-\) 1400 m. The geothermal system in the Sajau area was formed due to a fault which causes rocks to rub together so that the subsurface temperature rises and heats groundwater by convection around the fault. Keywords: LST- Geothermal- Gravity- Magnetic- Sajau- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dhika Faiz Fadrian)

23	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-16
Identification of Landslides Controlling and Triggering Factors by Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method in Dermasuci Village, Pangkah District, Tegal Regency, Central Java - Indonesia Brenanto Tsaqofa Widodo (a*), Hendy Setiawan (b*), I Wayan Warmada (b**) a) Master Program in Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University Grafika Bulaksumur No.2, Senolowo, Sinduadi, Mlati District, Sleman Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia *brenanto.tsa1999[at]mail.ugm.ac.id b) Department of Geological Engineering, Gadjah Mada University Grafika Bulaksumur No.2, Senolowo, Sinduadi, Mlati District, Sleman Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia *hendy.setiawan[at]ugm.ac.id **warmada[at]ugm.ac.id Abstract The National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) stated that in 2022 around 545 landslides occurred in Indonesia. One of the regions in Indonesia that experienced landslide disasters is located in Dermasuci Village, Pangkah District, Tegal Regency, Central Java Province. The landslide disasters occurred on February 5, 2022, and the subsequent movement occurred on February 10, 2022. Based on the Tegal Meteorological Station, the highest rainfall intensity before the landslide disasters happened was recorded at 39.7 mm/day on February 3, 2022, and 33.5 mm/day on February 9, 2022. The landslide disasters caused damage to 61 residents^ houses and four roads. The objective of this study is to identify the controlling and triggering factors that mainly contributed to the landslide event. These two factors are determined based on the order of their static and dynamic properties using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Controlling and triggering factors of the landslide in the study area are determined based on geological and geotechnical conditions which were obtained from surface mapping results. The controlling factors obtained are the dip of the rock layers, the geological structure in the form of faults, the slope angle, the engineering properties of soil and rock, the land use, and the groundwater table. The triggering factors that are known and commonly occur are rainfall in the form of antecedents and intensity, and earthquakes that are able to induce landslides. Keywords: Landslide- Controlling and triggering factors- Analytical hierarchy process method- Tegal regency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Brenanto Tsaqofa Widodo)

24	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-19
Application of modified Segment Tracing Algorithm (mSTA) Method to Identify Landslide Susceptibility Zones around Mt. Sinabung, Indonesia Zahratunnisa (a), Asep Saepuloh (a*), Estu Kriswati (b), Ahmad Basuki (c) (a) Geological Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia *saepuloh[at]itb.ac.id (b) National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Sangkuriang, Coblong, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. (c) Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Geological Agency, Jl. Diponegoro No.57, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Abstract Lineament could represent the plane of weakness and increase the probability that a landslide will occur. This study aims to assess locations that are susceptible to landslides based on recorded landslide events and to examine whether lineaments have control over the instability at Mt. Sinabung, Indonesia. In this study, we use Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to increase the extraction accuracy of fracture-related lineament at Mt.Sinabung. Lineaments were extracted to produced three lineament structural densities i.e., frequency, length, and intersection by using modified Segment Tracing Algorithm (mSTA) method which coverage area of 10.9 x 9 km. Based on visual observations and technical report, a total of 61 landslides were occured at Mt. Sinabung from 2016, 2018 and 2021. An ordinary krigging map of the lineament frequency density using 800 x 800 m cells showed good agreement between the lineaments and landslide distribution. Comparison between landslides and lineament density maps showed that most landslides occurred in high and moderate lineament density areas. We made categorize of landslide density for each year which consists of three classes: low, moderate, and high. Thus, this categorization could be used to indicate areas that need better attention to minimize the recurrence of landslides in the same area in the future. Keywords: Lineament, Landslides, SAR, mSTA, Landslide density Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zahratunnisa Zahratunnisa)

25	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-24
Identify The Pattern Of Urban Growth In Bandung City Using Geospatial Analysis Dwiputra Sam Mulia, Dr. Albertus Deliar, S.T, M.T., Dr. Eng. Anjar Dimara Sakti, S.T., M.Sc., Dr. Riantini Virtriana, S.T, M.T., Dr. Budhy Soeksmantono, S.T, M.T., Dr. Akhmad Riqqi, M.Si. Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Land-use changes essentially are a side-effect of a growth of a city, which is commonly caused by urban developments. The spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city (Urban Sprawl) may lead to lack of urban planning, lack of proper laws that regulate urban planning, and many other issues. In order to mitigate urban sprawl, the current study aims to determine the pattern of Bandung City growth, based on its urban developments, that may have caused urban sprawl. The usage of time series based spatial data in urban development analysis is typically used as the backbone of the study, therefore a 33 year dataset (1985-2018) is used to determine the pattern. Mean Spatial method has been used to evaluate the dataset in Bandung City and districts around the city, which resulted in a fairly consistent pattern of movement of the city growth, directing to the south-west part of the city. Another analysis conducted with the same method, but used without the districts around Bandung City, resulted in a fairly opposite direction, to the eastern part of the city. The study indicated that over the years, the urban sprawl mainly took effect to the west of Bandung City, towards Cimahi City, and south of Bandung City, mainly to Bojongsoang and Baleendah District. On the other hand, the study also indicated the growth of Bandung City within its own area, is in fact heading towards eastern part of the city. Keywords: Land Use, Land Cover, Urban Sprawl, Urban Development, Mean Spatial. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwiputra Sam Mulia)

26	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-32
Liquefaction Analysis on the Runway and Parallel Taxiway at Sentani Jayapura Airport Bambang Widodo (a*), Vemi Widoanindyawati (b), Brenanto Tsaqofa Widodo (c) (a) Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang Jalan Pawiyatan Luhur, Bendan Dhuwur Kecamatan Gajahmungkur, Semarang, 50234 *bambang-widodoft[at]untagsmg.ac.id (b) Politeknik Negeri Semarang (c) Universitas Gadjahmada Yogyakarta Abstract Infrastructure development with a relatively large project value and a building that functions is very important, so planning needs to be reviewed from various aspects. One of the most important aspects is the geotechnical aspect. Part of the geotechnical aspect is safety against liquefaction hazards. Liquefaction is a natural event that depends on the location of the building in relation to the earthquake zone, the topography around the building, and the type of soil layer that supports the building. The case study conducted by the liquefaction study in this study was the work of detailed engineering design (RTT) work on the fulfillment of airport side facility standards at Sentani Jayapura airport. An analysis of the liquefaction hazard was carried out to determine the cost of treating the subgrade that supports the runway and parallel taxiway structures. The methodology used is to use soil test data that has been carried out, namely machine drills totaling 22 points (21 points at 15 meters deep and 1 point at 30 m depth), and Sonder (CPT) test data at 19 points. Plotting the research location zone against earthquake maps, topographical data, and information on the surrounding geological conditions. Liquefaction analysis used several references. The results of the study show that at the locations where the parallels and taxiways are built, relatively no liquefaction occurs, so no treatment costs are required. Keywords: Liquifaction, Building location, Cost. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bambang Widodo)

27	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-34
Impact Analysis of Land Subsidence in The Coastal Area of The Metropolitan Rebana, West Java, Indonesia Wina Alvina Gunawan, Wiwin Windupranata Geodesy and Geomatics Department, Research Group of Hydrography, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung-Indonesia Abstract Coastal areas are the highest level of vulnerability to disaster response due to direct release by sea and land. Land subsidence is a long-term disaster with a very broad pathway for coastal areas. The Rebana Metropolitan Area is one of the mega projects carried out by the Indonesian government, especially in West Java, to improve the economy which has caused development in this area to increase, in line with population growth and land conversion. It is feared that land subsidence will disrupt development and regional development. The accumulation of land subsidence, total population, and area occurring in each sub-district on the Rebana coast as many as 20 sub-districts will be taken into account. Specifically, land subsidence was identified using Radar data from Sentinel-1A imagery with 5 years of recording, while the settlements imposed, and the area of land built up use data from the Badan Pusat Statistik and land use data from Rupa Bumi Indonesia. The result is that the subsidence in the tambourine area is 7 cm/year while for the sub-district it is around 5-9 cm/year. The people who burned were 190 thousand hectares or 4.4% of the total population in the Coastal Area. The affected land cover is 30.000 hectares of ponds, 86.000 hectares of productive land, and 2 ports namely Patimban Port in Subang Regency and Cirebon Port in Cirebon City. The districts with the highest level of risk are in 2 sub-districts in the city of Cirebon, namely Lemah Wungkuk and Kapetakan, in other area is 1 sub-district in Cirebon Regency, namely Suranenggala sub-district. Keywords: Land Subsidence, Radar, Rebana Metropolitan Area, Sentinel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wina Alvina Gunawan)

28	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-35
Assessing Geotourism Aspects of Ungaran Geothermal Areas for Promoting Sustainable Energy through Volcano-Geothermal Tourist Destination Jenian Marin*, Atalya Paskarana, Eurico Bagas Sito Sondy, Johanes Agustian Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University Jalan Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia *jenian.marin[at]live.undip.ac.id Abstract The indigenous nature of geothermal energy allows us to bring the benefit to its nearest community. However, there is not much understanding of geothermal as sustainable energy among Indonesian citizens. Geotourism can be an opportunity to introduce the geological knowledge and foster the socio-cultural acceptance of society towards geothermal energy. This study aims to assess the potential of Ungaran volcano-geothermal area as tourist destination. The research method is collecting data on geothermal manifestations and volcanic feature sites, assessment of five parameters based on Kubalikova method, and hazard risk analysis. Study result identify six potential geosites: Gedong Songo manifestation area, Nglimut hot spring, Diwak-Derekan-Kaliulo warm spring, and Mawar camping area which featuring volcanic landscape. Five of six geosites have high geotourism value more than 50%, except for Kaliulo warm spring. The recommended activities to do are leisure activity in nature, hiking and camping, thermal bathing, historical and cultural tourism, and geological excursion. The tourists should be cautious of potential hazards risk from volcanic gases, hot and acid waters, slippery and unstable areas, landslide, rugged terrain, and extreme weather. A geotourism model is constructed to highlight each site and their attributes to volcano-geothermal setting, tourism activities, and possible risks. By exploring the natural and geological richness offered by this destination, the tourists will discover the uniqueness of volcano-geothermal tourism experience. Keywords: geotourism- geothermal energy- geothermal manifestation- Ungaran volcano- Kubalikova method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jenian Marin)

29	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-36
Ashfall analysis of the 2010 Bromo eruption Aisyah Qurrata Aini (a*), Idham Andri Kurniawan (b), Mirzam Abdurrachman (b) a. Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *aisyahqaini[at]students.itb.ac.id b. Petrology, volcanolgy, dan geochemistry research group, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Bromo eruption may be dominated by a strombolian eruption, but it still can cause significant damage to the locals and many people around Bromo. For example, the 2010 eruption that lasted for nine months damaged the local economy and shut down three airports in a 250 km radius. Besides that, Bromo is one of the tourist spots at Caldera Tengger Complex, which lead to a more significant risk of eruption hazard. Based on our study, the 2010 eruption has four eruption phases that can be distinguished by stratigraphy and componentry analysis of ash fall deposits around Tengger Caldera. Based on the stratigraphy and componentry analysis, this study evaluates the mechanism of the 2010 eruption. The first phase started with lithic material from the phreatomagmatic eruption. Strombolian activities in the second phase increase the sideromelane component in the sediment. Next, the third phase represents the high percentage of tachylite from the ash explosion. Last, the lithic material rises again in the fourth phase of the eruption. The ashfall dispersion was modeled using TephraProb package performed on MATLAB. Using the wind data from NOAA, the thickness of the ashfall sediment, and other parameters from field observation, this study calculated the probability hazard assessment of the eruption. Ashfall modeling focused on the broadest dispersion of ashfall from phase one. Keywords: Ashfall, Bromo, Eruption Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aisyah Qurrata Aini)

30	Interdisciplinary Geosciences	ABS-38
A Statistical Review of the Dates and Patterns of Volcanic Activity of Lewotolok Volcano, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Triyana Muliawati (a*), Danni Gathot Harbowo (b) a) Department of Mathematics, Institut Teknologi Sumatera Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia *triyana.muliawati[at]ma.itera.ac.id b) Department of Geology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia Abstract Lewotolok is a stratovolcano located on the Lembata Island, East Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands), Indonesia. The first geohistory of the Lewotolok volcanic eruption was recorded in 1660 (VEI:3). Since 29/11/2020, Lewotolok has been included in the list of Indonesian volcanoes with the necessary precautions, comparable to the Anak Krakatau, Merapi, and Semeru volcanoes. We investigated Lewotolok volcanic activity by analyzing the height of the ash column data, maximum seismograph amplitude, and recorded seismic duration from 29th/11/2020 to 23th/09/2022, which are provided in magma.esdm.go.id. The results showed 191 records of eruption activity data, which formed three clusters for each variable using the Elbow Method in the Non-Hierarchical K-means clustering analysis. These data were plotted on the solar and Hijri lunar calendars. The data plot shows anomalies in the volcanic activity frequency and a significant pattern of activity at specific times. The data plot illustrates that the value of the activity frequency pattern tends to increase at Earth orbital events such as the December-January perihelion (up to 0.124) and June-July aphelion (up to 0.262) and at the new moon phases (up to 0.168). This phenomenon appears as solar and lunar tidal anomalies that commonly occur as gravitational sea tides. Along with the need for more comprehensive data, the results of this study may provide new perspectives for further research on the possible role of gravitational tide phenomena in volcanic activity, at least to explain the volcanic activity in Lewotolok. Keywords: Volcano- Lewotolok- K-means clustering- Elbow method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Triyana Muliawati)

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