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31	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-112
Preliminary Result of Shear Wave Velocity Construction from Love Wave Group Velocity Using Ambient Noise Tomography in West Java, Indonesia Nurida Luthfiyani (a*), Shindy Rosalia (b), Tedi Yudistira (b), Andri Dian Nugraha (b), Sri Widiyantoro (b), Antonius Nanang Tyasbudi Puspito (b) a) Master Program of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. *nuridaluthfiyani[at]gmail.com b) Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesa No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. Abstract West Java, Indonesia is located in the northern part the subduction zone between Australian and Eurasian plate which has complex tectonic setting and high seismicity level. To investigate this area, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) and Australia National University (ANU) collaborated to deployed 85 temporary seismometers in 2016 and 2018. We constructed the shallow crust profile by applying the Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) method to improve our knowledge of the tectonic condition in this area. In this research, we only use the north-south (NS) and east-west (EW) component to extract the Love waves Green\(\prime{}\)s function. We first rotated the NS and EW daily data series to obtain the transverse component. We then pre-processed the transverse daily data and applied cross-correlation to all station pair data. The daily cross-correlated data then stacked to obtain the Love waves Green\(\prime{}\)s function. The Green\(\prime{}\)s function is clearly seen in 1-40 s period band. Then, the obtained Green\(\prime{}\)s function will be analyzed to get the Love waves group velocity which then will be inverted to obtain the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile beneath the study area. Keywords: Ambient Noise Tomography, Love waves, and West Java. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurida Luthfiyani)

32	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-121
The Appearance Between Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) And Sea Surface Temperature In Tropics Area In 2010-2020 Mahardiani Batubara1,*, Muhammad Zainuri 2,, and Kunarso2 1 Marine Science Department, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. H. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia 50275 2 Oceanography Department, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. H. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang Semarang, Indonesia 50275 Abstract Indonesia, located in the tropical area, is heavily affected by various global, regional or local weather phenomena, one of which is the MJO (Madden-Julian Oscillation). At its active stage, MJO has been shown to increase the probability of extreme weather in Indonesia about 60-90% by the increasing of rainfall intensity. This condition is supported by warm SST conditions and wind circulation disturbances in causing the imbalances of water vapor saturation and sea saturation in encouraging the process of evaporation from the sea to form convective clouds. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between MJO active in phase 3, 4, 5, and 6 and SST condition will be analyzed spatially and temporally. In addition, the value of heat flux will be discussed to explain how much the heat is released by the sea to the atmosphere to show the interaction between both of them. This study is conducted from 2010 -2020 uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative analysis is used to determine the large correlation between active MJO and SST conditions in Indonesian waters. In addition to the RMM1 and 2, MW_IR OISST (microwave-infrared optimum interpolation sea surface temperature), as well as the 850 mb layer wind analysis are also used iQUAM SST data which are collected by various observation instruments such as argo float, drifter, buoys, and also ships as validator. The results of this study showed that MJO active in Indonesia reach its peak every three years, namely in 2012, 2015, and 2018, except when MJO active in phase 3. The coefficient of correlation between MJO intensity and SST indicates the highest value when MJO active in phase 6 in 2017, which is -0.996. While the lowest correlation coefficient values occur when MJO is active in phase 3 in 2020 at -0.02. Keywords: Madden-Julian Oscillation, sea surface temperature, hear flux, saturation, rainfall intensity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahardiani Putri Naulia Batubara Batubara)

33	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-129
A Preliminary Result: Characteristic and Mechanism of Deep earthquake in Java subduction zone Aditya Rahman (a)(c)(*), Afnimar (b), Yusuf Hadi Perdana (c), Aprilia Nur Vita (c), Supriyanto Rohadi (c), Nelly Florida Riama (c) (a) Master Program of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia (b) Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum (c) Agency of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Jakarta, Indonesia (*) Email : ad.rahman29[at]gmail.com Abstract The occurrence of deep-focus earthquakes is unusual and has become one of mysterious seismic phenomena. The behavior of deep earthquake occurrence is still poorly understood. The geodynamical process of a deep earthquake must have a fundamental difference of physical processes from a shallow or intermediate earthquake. There are two main processes of deep earthquake occurrence, water infiltration into the subduction zone (dehydration embrittlement) and transformational faulting of metastable olivine. In Indonesia, the Java subduction zone is known as the deep earthquake source region. We will present preliminary results from the study of characteristic and geodynamical processes of deep earthquake events We use earthquake data within the Java subduction zone with magnitude M > 6 and deeper than 60 km from 2010-2020. We relocate earthquakes hypocenter using Double Difference method, apply moment tensor inversion to obtain earthquake focal mechanism then classify and grouping the earthquake. Keywords: deep earthquake, java subduction, dehydration embrittlement, metastable olivine Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aditya Rahman)

34	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-134
Variations of IMF Cone Angle and IMF Clock Angle on Solar Cycles and Geomagnetic Storms Afia Izza Fadiyah (a*), Dhani Herdiwijaya (b) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) carried by solar wind and rooted at corona. Variations of IMF depend on solar surface activities, e.g. sunspots. Moreover, solar magnetic storms are connected by IMF. IMF parameters, sunspot number, and geomagnetic index are downloaded from OMNIWeb which the data were obtained from several spacecrafts in geocentric and lagrange orbits. Solar cycles are measured in terms of variations in the number of sunspots and its polarity. Both magnetic events of IMF and sunspots indicate the relation between solar cycles and IMF orientation which is clock angle and cone angle. IMF also interact with magnetosphere and it can cause the geomagnetic storms. Cone angle and clock angle are derived from IMF components on X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. Their frequency distribution charts on each solar cycle of 20 to 24 and its maximum phase and minimum phase are the key point for the analysis. The plot of clock angle to Dst index as a geomagnetic index for each solar cycle were also derived. Based on the analysis, solar cycles are indicated gives an impact to the magnitude of each IMF components. It makes the peak of the charts shifted from minimum phase to maximum phase. Other than that, the reconnection in magnetopause mostly occur when the the clock angle between 140 deg-252 deg or when the clock angle directions are southward. But the 23rd solar cycle shows the northward clock angle can also cause an extreme geomagnetic storms. Keywords: Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Cone Angle, Clock Angle, Geomagnetic Index Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Afia Izza Fadiyah)

35	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-153
Application of Long Offset Resistivity Tomography for Imaging Baribis Fault in Majalengka Bagus Endar B. Nurhandoko, Kaswandhi Triyoso, M Rizka Asmara Hadi, Insan Rizal Komara, Rio Martha, Nurhasan Institut Teknologi Bandung Rock Fluid Imaging Lab Abstract The long offset resistivity tomography method has been applied to image the active Baribis thrust fault in Majalengka. The long offset method can have several hundred to thousand meters of depth penetration into the target area. The resistivity tomography image is clearly shown the fault location and the thickness of the overlying rock above the thrust faulted Baribis Fault. The results of drilling for tunneling around the Baribis Fault show a good agreement with the results of the long offset resistivity tomography survey. Long offset resistivity tomography which can have penetration depths of several hundred to thousands of meters is found to be a reliable technique for deep groundwater exploration, oil and gas exploration, as well as geothermal exploration Keywords: Long offset tomography, Tunnel, Deep imaging, Thrust Fault Imaging, Baribis Fault Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bagus Endar Nurhandoko)

36	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-157
Near-surface resistivity imaging using resistivity Tomography in some most impacted areas due to the 2018 Earthquake in North Lombok Island Bagus Endar B. Nurhandoko, Kaswandhi Triyoso, Muhammad Rizka Asmarahadi, Bakti Sukrisna, Syamsudin Yasin, Dian W. Kurniawidi, Rio K Martha Physics Department, FMIPA, Institut Teknologi Bandung Physics Department, FMIPA, Mataram University Rock Fluid Imaging Lab Abstract The Lombok earthquake in July 2018 caused considerable damage to public facilities and residential areas. Most of the houses in the north of the island of Lombok were damaged by the 6.9 magnitude earthquake. We want to know what parameters cause houses and buildings in North Lombok not to experience a severe liquefaction process. We used near-surface tomographic resistivity imaging to characterize the subsurface of North Lombok to map the subsurface of the most affected areas in North Lombok. The geological condition of northern Lombok is the most vulnerable area to liquefaction due to volcanic loose sand layers, shallow groundwater, and thick deposits. However, almost all subsurface images from resistivity tomography from North Lombok show limestone layers at shallow depths, which may play an important role as a protective layer from liquefaction phenomena in this area. Keywords: 2018 Lombok Earthquake, Resistivity Tomography, Near Surface, Liquifaction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bagus Endar Nurhandoko)

37	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-159
The Background Seismicity Contribution For Seismic Hazard In Manado City: Preliminary Result M.Zulkifli (1,3), Wahyu Triyoso (2), Afnimar(2) (1)Earth Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (2)Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (3)Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG), Manado, Indonesia Abstract Manado city is the largest population in North Sulawesi Province - Indonesia. It has significantly seismic hazard due to is located in seismically active complex region. This study aims to objective analysis the contribution of background seismicity for seismic hazard in Manado city. The algorithm of the seismicity smoothing (gridding seismcity) is applied to estimate the seismicity rate for background source. The method was conducted for analysis of seismic hazards is PSHA (probabilistic seismic hazard analysis) for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years . The results show a maximum PGA in bedrock (0.17 g - 0.19 g ). Keywords: Background source, PSHA, seismicity smoothing,PGA Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Zulkifli)

38	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-160
EXPLORING MULTI-PLANET SYSTEM WASP-148 USING N-BODY SIMULATION AND DEEP LEARNING Muhammad Isnaenda Ikhsan (a,b), M. Ikbal Arifyanto (b) a) Atmospheric and Planetary Science Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia b) Department of Astronomy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract The search of exoplanets this day is focusing on finding planet with small mass or exoplanet with similar mass with Earth. One of the detection methods that sensitive enough to detect this kind of planet is transit timing variation method (TTV). This method detects planet using its perturbation to the transiting planet that could be observed by its small variation on the transit curve. From the TTV signal, the planets parameter such as mass and eccentricity could be estimated. One of the methods to determine exoplanet parameters from TTV signal is using N-body simulation to find the best planet configuration that could replicate the TTV signal from observation. However, this method is computationally expensive because there are so many combinations of planet configuration that must be simulated to find the best configuration. By using machine learning technique we can make this simulation faster and more efficient by predicting the initial condition before hands. We combine photometric data from space and ground based observation for exoplanet system WASP-148 and use that data as input on our machine learning model. Then finally we can estimate the exoplanet parameters using N-body simulation. Keywords: exoplanet, transit timing variation, machine learning, n-body simulation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Isnaenda Ikhsan)

39	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-161
Solar radiation pressure on LAPAN A1 satellite due to extreme geomagnetic storm Nindhita Pratiwi (a,b), Dhani Herdiwijaya (b) a) Atmospheric and Planetary Science Study Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia b) Department of Astronomy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract This study will explain about disturbance potential on LAPAN A1 satellite caused by solar radiation pressure during an extreme geomagnetic storm period. During storm period, satellites orbital parameter is affected due to the changing of solar radiation pressure, atmospheric chemical composition, and atmospheric density. Therefore, we analyze solar radiation pressure in the time span of 11-years to compare the effect at minimum phase, maximum phase, and storm period. One of the most massive geomagnetic storms happened in 2003, so we choose 2003-2013 as data period. To calculate solar radiation pressure on satellite, it needs data of daily total solar flux from Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellite (SORCE). Data processing is done by using python. Then we had calculated Solar Radiation Pressure values during a year to see the effects of storm. However, the results show that the influence of storm was not significant. For the follow up research, we need high resolution data to see the effects of storm more detailed. Keywords: solar radiation pressure- LAPAN A1- geomagnetic storm Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nindhita Pratiwi)

40	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-162
The Study of Geomagnetic Activity from 2017 to 2020 Period Elvina Ayu Ratnasari Pusat Sains Antariksa, Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional Abstract Geomagnetic storm has been extensively studied and observed because it can interfere satellite and radio communications. Some parameters, such as Dst index, Kp index, local K index, north-south interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) and speed of solar wind (Vsw), can be used to identify the level of geomagnetic storm and assess its potential risk. Therefore, this paper provides the analysis of geomagnetic parameters and their correlation to geomagnetic activities during 2017-2020 periods. The geomagnetic data, i.e. Dst, Kp, Bz and Vsw, is obtained from website: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. The result indicated that some significant geomagnetic storm occurred during 2017-2020, which were shown by the sharp decrease of the Dst index, which were also followed by the increase of Kp index, the increase of Vsw, and the extreme fluctuations of Bz index. Three big events occurred on May 28th 2017, September 8th 2017, and August 26th 2018, which had the Dst decrease to as low as -125 nT, -124 nT and -174 nT (< -100 nT) and seventeen minor storm events with Dst between -45 nT until -76 nT. The geomagnetic storm events were probably driven by earth directed Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) or halo CMEs or high-speed solar wind flows from coronal holes. This result also supported with the data of flux electron detected at outer radiation belt that have been increased. It can be concluded that north-south interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) and speed of solar wind (Vsw) have strong correlation to geomagnetic storm event in which the increasing of Bz followed by the increasing Vsw. Keywords: Geomagnetic indices, geomagnetic storm, flux electron and coronal mass ejection Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elvina Ayu Ratnasari)

41	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-182
DIGITAL ROCK PHYSICS APPLICATION IN DETERMINING THE POROSITY OF SHALE ROCK 1Astra A. Pramana, 1Gary Riantomo, 1Ajeng P. Oktaviani, 1Iwan Setiabudi, 2Fourier D. Eljabbar, 3Muhammad A. Gibrata 1 Petroleum Engineering Dept., Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Institute Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 3 Dragon Oil, Abu Dhabi Abstract This research is about determining the porosity of shale rock using the Digital Rock Physics method. The Digital Rock Physics method uses fiji software to process CT-Scan data of shale coreplug then segmentation and thresholding processes to determine the pores of the rock and then determine the value of rock porosity. The purpose of this research is to be able to determine the value of rock porosity more quickly and to compare the porosity results of Digital Rock Physics with the porosity results of laboratory tests. The results show that the porosity value obtained by the Digital Rock Physics method and laboratory tests has a small error value so that the Digital Rock Physics method is quite reliable. Keywords: Digital rock physics, porosity, shale rock Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ASTRA AGUS PRAMANA)

42	Earth and Planetary Sciences	ABS-183
Relative Permeability from Digital Analysis of a Carbonate Synthetic Core 1Astra A. Pramana, 1Daffa R.M. Ray, 2Fourier D. Eljabbar, 3Muhammad A. Gibrata 1Petroleum Engineering Dept., Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia 2Institute Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 3Dragon Oil, Abu Dhabi Abstract This research discusses the digital core with the purpose for knowing the petrophysics parameter, especially the relative permeability of carbonate rocks. The method used in this research is descriptive analytic. Source of data comes from primary data. The primary data is sample core data (digital data) that has been collected and processed directly by the researcher with the purpose to compare results from digital data to laboratory data. The result from this research indicates there is a relationship between the results from digital data with the results from laboratory data such as porosity, permeability, and trendline of curve from relative permeability. As for the results show the difference in relative permeability value caused by several factors. Keywords: Digital Core, Petrophysics, Relative Permeability of Carbonate Rock Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ASTRA AGUS PRAMANA)

43	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-35
Determination of Soil Corrosion Potential for Gas Pipeline Cathodic Protection System Planning Agus Solehudin1,a, Enda Permana2,b, Haipan Salam3,c 1,2,3Departemen Pendidikan Teknik Mesin FPTK Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Jl. Dr Setiabudi No. 229 Bandung, 40154 Email: a)asolehudin[at]upi.edu, b) enda_per[at]upi.edu c) haipan[at]upi.edu Abstract Research has been carried out to map and identify the potential for soil corrosion for the planning of cathodic gas pipeline protection systems. The research location is located in Cimanggis - Bitung, West Java, which is located at coordinates 6o19^00 ^- 6o28^00^ South Latitude and 106o43^00 ^- 106o 55^30^ East Longitude. Measurement of soil resistivity using the Wenner method that refers to ASTM G37, with variations in the distance of 0,75m, 1,50m, 2,50m and 6,00m with the number of measuring points as many as 185 points. Based on the results of data processing and soil resistivity interpretation seen that there are several locations that have low to extreme corrosion levels. Therefore, for these locations, technical planning and calculation for the protection of the pipeline to be installed is necessary. Keywords: corrosion, resistivity, soil, protection, cathodic Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agus Solehudin)

44	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-49
Size effect at discharging process of coconut oil as latent thermal energy storage Shofi Dhiya Ulhaq(1), Akhmad Yusuf(1), Surjamanto Wonorahardjo(2), Inge Magdalena Sutjahja(1*) (1)Physics Department, FMIPA, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *inge[at]fi.itb.ac.id (2)Building Technology Research Group, SAPPK, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Coconut oil is one of the organic PCM materials with a high thermal energy storage capability in the form of sensible and latent heat. Ideally, the latent heat storage occurs at a relatively constant temperature associated with phase change transition. Due to relatively low thermal conductivity, the size effect is vital to optimizing material performance, particularly at the discharging process related to latent heat release. This study will show the simulation results of the size effect in the solidification process of coconut oil by using ANSYS FLUENT. The plastic ball with a radius of 4 cm and 12 cm filled with coconut oil solidified from 308 K to 283 K, and several temperature sensors were placed in the ball to study the heat exchange process. We take the input parameters of density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity from previous experimental studies. We reported the time evolution of temperature and liquid fraction until the molten coconut oil solidified from different detector positions in each ball. We found that the phase transition of coconut oil occurs gradually due to the mixture of its component. Keywords: Coconut oil- Phase Change Material- Solidification- Ansys Fluent Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shofi Dhiya Ulhaq)

45	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-51
High-efficiency of the devices of dye-sensitised solar cells from extracting three woods as a photosensitiser Achmad Nasyori1,3*, Iswadi Ibrahim Panturengi1, Ihsan1, and Fatimah Arofiati Noor2* KOC University Abstract Dye-sensitised Solar Cells (DSSCs) are noticed as a tremendously promising technology of solar cells, thanks to their low cost of fabrications, simple manufactures, and ecofriendly technologies. Although the investigation of DSSCs is impressive, the performance of DSSCs based on natural or organic dyes as photosensitizer lags far behind of synthetic dye like ruthenium II complexes and Ru (acac)3 (ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate. Herein, we introduced a highly promising natural dye from three woods (Cinnamomun verum, Caesalpinia sappan L, and Tectona grandis) dominated by anthocyanin pigments as a photosensitizer with recording a high efficiency more that 3% which is unprecedented in the natural dye history. Based on the result of UV-Vis spectra, three woods turned up at 600^s nm, this indicates that the visible range is dominating. Furthermore, the photovoltaics measurement reveals the highest conversion efficiency is 3.7% from the wood of Caesalpinia sappan L by showing 1.399 mA cm-2 (JSC) and 0.528 V (VOC). This is an excellent yield because of so far, the conversion efficiency of DSSCs based on natural dye is less 1 %. Our findings indicates that three-wood extract as photosensitiser is strongly potential and even can rival with synthetic dye. Keywords: there-wood extract, anthocyanin, efficiency, DSSCs, photovoltaics measurement Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Nasyori)

46	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-73
NATURAL, METEOROLOGY, AND NOVEL - IAP DATA PROCESSING METHOD FOR TIPPING BUCKET BASED RAIN GAUGE Lulu Millatina Rachmawati, Agustian Mardiansyah, Inggrid Wahyu Kinanti, Ardiansyah Ramadhan, Andre Suwardana Adiwidya, Andhika Jalasena, Indra Chandra* Engineering Physics, School of Electrical Engeneering, Telkom University, Bandung 40257, Indonesia Abstract Air pollution transport is entangled with weather and climate factors. As the pollutants tend to move due to the metrological condition. Naturally, pollutants will be deposited to the ground at the end part of the deposition cycle. One of the factors of pollutant deposition in a wet deposition is rain. The soluble pollutants and particulate matter are precipitated to the earth^s surface during precipitation. In order to analyze it, we need a rainfall measuring device/rain gauge, as rainfall is an important parameter to find the correlation between the two. However, there is a limited number of rain-gauge in Indonesia. Thus, we proposed a tipping bucket rain gauge, which consists of a funnel, a vessel, a magnetic switch sensor, and a microcontroller-based processing unit. The prototype is equipped with a GSM module so that the data can be sent in real-time via text message every minute, also an SD Card as the backup storage data. It was calibrated using ISO 17025:2005 standard, the result obtained by a resolution of 0.2 mm/tip with a capacity of 4.2 ml vessels, and U95 uncertainty of +/-0,04 - +/-0,12 mm/minute. To find the suitable method of rainfall calculation for the prototype, we observe three methods, Natural, Meteorology, and Novel-IAP. From the three we found, Novel-IAP has the best result since the calculation is executed every second. And the other methods are found to have a high error result. Keywords: Air pollution, rainfall, rain gauge, tipping bucket Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indra Chandra)

47	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-75
Charge and Discharge of Capasitors: Revisiting the Analogy with Water in Connected Containers A W Hasanah1*, A S Sunarya2, and S Viridi3 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electric Power and Renewable Energy, Institut Teknologi PLN, Jakarta 11750, Indonesia 2Department of Manufacturing Automation Engineering and Mechatronics, Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung, Bandung 40135, Indonesia 3Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Abstract Analogy can be considered as an approach in teaching an abstract concept, where in electricity related to capacitor, water and containers are sometimes used. In this work we try to summarize available reports related to this. Usually, the water flow (WF) represents electric current, water height (WH) is an analogy to electric potential difference, container floor area (FA) can be viewed as capacitance, hose (HS) is as connecting wire, and water reservoir with large floor area (WR) behaves as a battery. The voltage saturation while charging the capacitor and voltage decaying while discharging capacitor can be obtained with the use of WH, FA, HS, and WR elements. Even it is not so ideal, but the observation tends to show qualitatively similar curves. We also present comparation table between electric circuit and water circuit. Unfortunately not every aspect in electric side has the counter part in the water side. Keywords: capacitor, analogy, teaching method, water and container. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aas Wasri Hasanah)

48	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-123
Electrochemical Performance Of Symmetric Supercapacitor Based On Acivated Carbon Biomass TiO2 Nanocomposites Markus Diantoro1,2,* Ishmah Luthfiyah1, Istiqomah1, Hari Wisodo1,2, Joko Utomo1,2 Worawwat Meevasana3 1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia 2 Center of Advanced Material for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia 3Department of Physics Faculty of Science, Suranaree University Of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasuma, Thailand Abstract Supercapacitor (SC) is an energy storage devices possessing both high energy density and high power density which have attracted intensive interest due to their wide range of applications from consumer electronics to traction devices. Titanium is considered to be a promising transitional metal to modify carbon electrode for supercapacitors application due to its relatively good rate capability, low cost, low toxicity and environmental benignity. Porous composites comprise very small TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly distributed within activated carbon pores, proving short the pathways for both ion and electron transport needed for fast electrochemical reactions. Briefly, the experiment begins with the preparation of a composite solution with a variety of compositions that are positioned on the aluminum foil substrate as electrodes using the doctor blade method. The supercapacitor is filled with 1 M ETNBF4 and characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) and Charge Discharge (CD). The symetric supercapacitor can be cycled reversibility in the cell voltage of 0-2 V, delivers a specific capacitance of 14,139 F g-1, with power density of 328,33 Wh kg-1 and maximum energy density of 23,71 Wh kg-1.After 50 cycles, maximum energy density is 22,09 Wh kg-1 with 92,33 % capacity retention. Keywords: Symmetric Supercapacitor, titanium doxide, energy density Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ishmah Luthfiyah)

49	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-135
A Simple and Low-cost Photocatalytic Air Purification Test Method Pribadi Mumpuni Adhi (a*), Haolia Rahman (a), Isnanda Nuriskasari (b), Syamsudin (a), Ardiansyah Syahrom (c) a) Magister Terapan Rekayasa Teknologi Manufaktur, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Prof. G.A. Siwabessy, Kampus UI, Depok, 16425, Indonesia *pribadi.adhi[at]mesin.pnj.ac.id b) Teknik Konversi Energi, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Prof. G.A. Siwabessy, Kampus UI, Depok, 16425, Indonesia c) Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Sultan Ibrahim Chancellery Building, Jalan Iman, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Abstract The application of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) in air purifiers (AP) to remove viruses, bacteria and toxic gases in the air is intensively being studied, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic broke out. The testing method of PCO materials for AP purpose has been standardized though ISO 22197-4 (2013). However, the standard required a set of complex, high precision, and costly equipment. Present study demonstrates a simpler and low-cost test setup without compromising any accuracy in the overall result. The proposed test consists of test chamber and mixing chamber, and sets of equipment installed in it. PCO reactor was fabricated by 3D printer and and \(TiO_{2}\) was coated on the surface. Formaldehyde is used as a sample pollutant to be observed which is injected to the test chamber. The amount of formaldehyde concentration was monitored online by indoor air quality measurement equipment. Keywords: Air Purification- Air Quality- Photocatalytic Oxidation- Formaldehyde Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pribadi Mumpuni Adhi)

50	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-152
Analysis of seawater intrusion into groundwater in the coastal area of Durung Village, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia Mahbub Arfah (a), Maulina Tanjung (a), Saumi Syahreza (b,c*), Diah Vitaloka Hartati (d) a) Ship Engineering Department, Malahayati Merchant Marine Polytechnic, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia b) Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia c) Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia *ssyahreza[at]unsyiah.ac.id d) Nautical Department, Malahayati Merchant Marine Polytechnic, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia Abstract Durung Village is a region consisting mostly of coastal and hilly areas. Utilization of groundwater in the coastal zone has been increased these recent years for all purposes of life, from drinking to sanitation and from industry to agriculture. It results new environmental problem, such as seawater intrusion that caused negative impact on groundwater resources. This research aims to analyze the effect of seawater intrusion into the groundwater in the study area. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) was used in this research as approximation of groundwater salinity value. The spatial distribution of seawater intrusion had been prepared by using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial interpolation technique for TDS parameter. The results revealed that seawater intrusion presented more obviously near the coastal line and its northern part was the most affected area by this contamination indicated by the highest TDS value of 2.947 mg/l, whereas the farther location from the coastline were free of seawater intrusion indicated by low TDS values between 181 - 579 mg/l. Keywords: Coastal zone- Total Dissolved Solids- Groundwater salinity- Seawater intrusion- Spatial interpolation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maulina Tanjung)

51	Energy and Environmental Physics	ABS-154
SPATIAL MODELING OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION DISTRIBUTION AT HOME Assyifa Nur Annisa Rizkia Putri, Rahmat Awaludin Salam, Lulu Millatina Rachmawati, Ardiansyah Ramadhan, Andre Suwardana Adiwidya, Andhika Jalasena, Indra Chandra* Engineering Physics, School of Electrical Engeneering, Telkom University, Bandung 40257, Indonesia Abstract In ancient times, humans were very accustomed to depending on nature, so that in the past humans held the title as an outdoor species. Over time with many technological advances, the pattern of human life has shifted to being an indoor species. Currently, almost 55% of the world^s population lives in urban areas and is projected to increase to 68% by 2050. Based on the NHAPS survey, the total time humans spend indoors is 86.9%. Research shows that air pollutants contained in indoor air are 2 to 5 times more than outdoor air. The neglect of the air conditioning system also worsens indoor air quality. It is often found that the supply of fresh air and the concentration of pollutants in the work or activity zone is unknown, even though this is a crucial matter. With the amount of time spent indoors, air quality and the distribution of pollutants in indoor air becomes very important. This research will conduct spatial modeling of air pollutant distribution using kriging interpolation technique. The results of spatial modeling with this method produce an average of R-squared=70,98% dan RMSE= 0.034. There are several factors that influence the increase in pollutant concentrations, the activity of the occupants, the number of occupants, and environmental conditions outside. Keywords: CO2, indoor air quality, kriging, PM2.5, spatial modelling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Indra Chandra)

52	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-9
Design of Real-Time Object Detection System for Volcano Monitoring Application Sekar Tanjung Mustikawati (a*), Maria Evita (b), Mitra Djamal (c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia. sekartanjungm8[at]gmail.com Abstract Indonesia is one of the countries located at the ring of fire which should be monitored to predict the eruption earlier and set the risk zones around with no human involvement especially while eruption taking place. Therefore, in this research it is used a 4 wheeled mobile robot called PRAWIRA for this purpose. The robot should have the ability to avoid the obstacles in front of it in this area. It has been designed a real-time object detection system for volcano monitoring application using deep learning from YOLOv5s model for 4 objects (trees, persons, stones, and stairs). It was used 484 images for dataset, after the pre-train process was conducted with several steps: object identification- dataset downloading (Google Chrome Extension and Open Images v6)- image labelling (labelImg)- augmentation process (flip, blur and rotation)- data training for varies epochs and batches by Jupyter Notebook GPU- and applying the weight of train process into Raspberry Pi 3. The preliminary result for this research was presented in the mean average precision (mAP) of YOLOv5s (the smallest version). The first variation (batch = 16, epochs = 100) resulted in mAP_0.5 = 17.9% and mAP_0.5:0.95 = 7.27% with 0.262 hours of training time. The second (batch = 16, epochs = 500) resulted in mAP_0.5 = 25.7% and mAP_0.5:0.95 = 12.3% with 1.296 hours of training time, while the third (batch = 80, epochs = 100) resulted in mAP_0.5 = 17.7% and mAP_0.5:0.95 = 5.63% with 0.232 hours of training time. Furthermore, the last variation (batch = 80, epochs = 500) resulted in mAP_0.5 = 19.5% and mAP_0.5:0.95 = 8.92% with 1.085 hours of training time. Therefore, the second variation is the best result for the model with 14.8 MB of size. Moreover, interfaces for 4 sample of images tested is displayed for each weight of training to show the accuracy of the training. Keywords: Deep learning, mobile robot, obstacle avoidance, transfer learning, YOLOv5s. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sekar Tanjung Mustikawati)

53	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-22
Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for Micro-Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Agricultural in West Java I Kadek Agus Sara Sawita (a*), Maria Evita (a), Hansel Kane (a), Fadhil Rausyanfikr (a) Mitra Djamal (a) a) Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia * agussarasawita[at]gmail.com Abstract MSMEs in the agricultural sector are an integral part of the national economy which have an important and strategic position, potential and role in realizing strong national food security. In terms of sources of economic growth, the agricultural sector is the largest contributor to West Java^s economic growth in the first quarter of 2021. The contribution of the agricultural business sector was 0.94%, greater than the contribution of the fourth quarter of 2020 amounted to 0.39%. MSMEs still have external and internal constraints, especially in terms of financing, product marketing, and lack of access to information. These constraints often hinder MSMEs in developing their business and expanding their market share. From various cases of marketing of agricultural MSME products in West Java, it is necessary to assist/apply technology to market agricultural commodities. One of them is a map application, which is useful in providing information on the location of agricultural MSMEs and how to reach that location from the customer^s current location. So that sellers/farmers and buyers can do direct transactions. Therefore, application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) can be used as the alternative technology to solve that problem. While, this research only focus on generating the map. UAV - DJI Phantom 4 Pro has been used in this research to take images at each location of the sample locations. To control the UAV automatically for each mission, it used Pix4D capture flight plans. The data were processed by Agisoft Metashape Professional software. The location of image data collection was carried out in various areas: a building, an open space area and a real small and medium agriculture enterprises location. Two-dimensional maps and 3D maps of these areas have been successfully created. The average RMS error is 0.17 (2.88 pixels) indicated under 1% of the average error. Keywords: agriculture, Micro-Small and Medium Enterprises, mapping, West Java, UAV Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (I Kadek Agus Sara Sawita)

54	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-24
OCCLUDED OBJECT DETECTION WITH INFRARED CAMERA ON MOBILE ROBOT FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE Hansel Kane (a*), Maria Evita (b), Mitra Djamal (c) a) Instrumentation Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia liveishappy11[at]gmail.com b) Instrumentation Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Instrumentation Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Disaster effects tend to be more severe in developing countries. Improving the disaster response system is the key to prevent casualties. Therefore, a system that could hasten search and rescue processes is utterly necessary. Mobile robot is a really suitable candidate for such task. Mobile robot in this research has a thermal camera equipped as thermal cameras tends to be unaffected by lighting variation, thus providing more robust detection. The models used MobileNetv2 architecture to detect human in lying position. Models were trained using infrared images containing human in lying position representing a casualty. Three variation of training data that result in three different models (Mnol, Msebagian, Msatu) with different number of dataset, were used to observe the effect of partially occluded augmentation training data. Furthermore, four category of tests were carried out to observe the performance of the models: unoccluded, partially occluded, fully occluded human and human in construction area. The result of unoccluded test were 0.74, 0.9, 0.9- for partially occluded test were 0.63, 0.87, 0.9- for fully occluded test were 0.74, 0.94, 0.97 in terms of mAP for Mnol, Msebagian, and Msatu respectively. Moreover, loss of the three models converged to 2/7 and didn^t differ significantly from one another, with the difference only around 3%. The result of human detection in construction area were 0.48, 0.55, 0.67 for Mnol, Msebagian, and Msatu respectively. Modifying training dataset by adding random-generated occluded images improves model^s performance in general as shown by Msatu that yields the higest mAP in all category. Furthermore, temperature measurement is also carried out yielding 32 to 34 degree Celcius for human skin detected by Lepton 3.5. A live-stream is performed to test the speed of MobileNetv2. Deployed on Raspberry Pi 3b+, MobileNetv2 could run in around 2 fps. All three models successfully detect a lying person in unoccluded, partially occluded, Keywords: deep learning, mobile robot, passive infrared, MobileNetv2, occluded Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hansel Kane)

55	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-80
Potential of UAV Application for Forest Fire Detection Abdul Muid (a,b*), Hansel Khane (a), I Kadek Agus Sarasawita (a), Maria Evita (a), Nina Siti Aminah (a), Maman Budiman (a) & Mitra Djamal (a) a. Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia *muidphysics[at]gmail.com b. Department of Physics, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia Abstract Improved ground and aerial drone technology enable mapping and monitoring forests and land to mitigate forest fires. UAV plays a role in monitoring by collecting forest area image data from the air, which we can process into 2D and 3D images. It can be analyzed to identify land cover types and objects in forest areas. This image data collection uses the DJI Phantom 4 Pro UAV controlled automatically with a flight plan made with Pix4D Capture, which is then processed using Agisoft. The result of the mapping has an average GSD of 2,03 cm/px. The mapping result shows that the 3D image produced can show objects of various land cover types in the imaged area. Ground sensors are used to detect forest and land weather parameters of the sampling area. Image data collection, forest and land weather parameters were successfully carried out in the Tangkuban Parahu Mountain area. Keywords: forest fire, UAV, drone, ground sensor Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Muid)

56	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-97
Coffee Fruit Fermentation Real-Time Measurement Based on Internet of Things Ahmad Radhy(*a), Suprijadi(b), Sparisoma Viridi(b), Aldi Ardian Raharja(c), Dimas Praja Purwa Aji(a) (a)Graduated Student in Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. (b)Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. (c)Master Student in Industrial and Management Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. Abstract Coffee fruit fermentation is a chemical process that involves the role of microorganisms which result in changes in acid concentration and temperature. Lactic acid produced during the fermentation process indicates the activity of microorganisms so that the temperature increases. The fermentation process can be controlled by adjusting the acidity level (pH) and temperature so that the desired environmental conditions can be obtained. The design of a data acquisition system has been developed to monitor and control the output of the fermentation process, namely the value of the pH rate and temperature. The data acquisition system is based on the ESP32 microcontroller as a sensor node and Raspberry Pi as data visualization. Keywords: Fermentation, Acidity Level, Bacterial Activity, Temperature Control Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ahmad Radhy)

57	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-105
Pulse Height Analyzer with Coincident Correction Casmika Saputra, Muhammad Miftahul Munir, Novitrian, Abdul Waris* Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *awaris[at]fi.itb.ac.id Abstract Pulse Height Analyzer (PHA) is used to measure the frequency distribution of the signal output height of an event detector. However, the usual PHA algorithm has limitations in measurement- it cannot distinguish multiple peaks at the coincident signal. Coinciding signals will pile up signals that make the pulse height value higher than it should. Therefore, this study has developed a simple algorithm to calculate pulse height distribution with coincident correction. The developed algorithm firstly identified the coincident pulse by considering its pulse width. Then, the identified coincident pulse fitted with multiple peaks model. The result shows that the developed algorithm could distinguish multiple peaks at the coincident signal. The significance of pulse height distribution measured by the developed PHA algorithm compare to regular PHA was also discussed in this paper. Keywords: algorithm, coincident, detector, pulse height Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Casmika Saputra)

58	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-117
Quadcopter Control System Based on Body Gesture Using Microsoft Kinect Burhan Izzudin and Surya Dharma Dept of Physics, The University of Indonesia Abstract Evolution of human-machine interaction has started a few decades ago. Human-Machine user interface has been developed to be an easy tool to use. Begins from Command Line Interface (CLI) to Graphical User Interface (GUI) and latest, the Natural User Interface (NUI). This research reports a control system for quadcopter based on body gesture using motion sensor, kinect. Kinect is a device which contains camera and infrared projector that be able to detect human^s body movement and convert it to a cartesian coordinates as a spacial data. Kinect detects the body gesture movement that has been designed before. Design of Quadcopter control system is including seven basic movement and a series of flying movement task command. Each command has a specific gesture which set as an input motion command. The specific gesture has its own parameter. When the parameter is qualified, a fly command will be sent to the quadcopter, and the quadcopter will receive it as a control input. This research reports the success rate of the seven basic movement varied from 80,77% to 96,00%. Keywords: Body Gesture, Kinect, Quadcopter Control System Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Burhan Izzudin)

59	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-140
Design of Borehole Seismometer Based on MEMS Accelerometer Ramadhani Yasyfi Cysela1*, Tedy Setiawan1, Fatkhan1 1 Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia *ramadhaniyasyfi[at]fttm.itb.ac.id Abstract Conventional seismometers use coil as the main sensor. Coil is relatively cheap, but in order to cover low frequency range, it becomes frail and has inappropriate sampling rate. To overcome the limitation of conventional seismometers we use a MEMS sensor. MEMS sensor is made from glass and silicon substrate which has no harmonic frequency characterization. It enables covering wide bandwidth with low frequency cover and high sampling rate response with high sensitivity. The usage of MEMS in electronics such as disk drive heads and inkjet printer heads. MEMS sensor also used in different domains which include medical, automotive, communications and defense. This paper designed a borehole seismometer that was composed of a MEMS accelerometer colibrys 1500SN.A and an arduino micro controller. Based on data calibration and physical simulation, MEMS sensor offers the potential to reduce costs while improving data quality. Keywords: MEMS sensor, borehole seismometer, arduino Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ramadhani Yasyfi Cysela)

60	Instrumentation, Acoustics, and Signal Processing	ABS-156
Design Of Micro Electric Power Plant By Using Noise Of High-Powered Machine (Case Study: Generator Set ITK Machine) Muhammad Fredy Hariyanto(1), Menasita Mayantasari(2), Fadli Robiandi(3) Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Abstract The design of micro power plants from high-power engine noise has been carried out. This study aims to compare the output voltage generated between the ITK^s generator set (genset) noise engine source with the generator function and determine the number and variations of the piezoelectric circuit that can produce an output voltage greater than the engine generator ITK^s genset. The energy harvester of noise consists of 1 1/4 &#955- resonator box, 3 fins, and 3 ceramics piezoelectric. The noise source Using to media, function generator and ITK^S genset. The test is carried out by maintaining the average noise intensity of the SPL (sound pressure level) function of the generator and engine generator set ITK at 103.5 dB. The number of piezoelectric circuits consists of 1 piezoelectric, 2 piezoelectric series, 2 parallel piezoelectric, 3 piezoelectric series, 3 parallel piezoelectric, and 3 parallel-series piezoelectric. In this test, noise intensity data, and piezoelectric output voltage are taken for 3 minutes and repeat 5 times for each variation. The experimental results show the average output voltage value generated from piezoelectric with generator engine noise source is greater than the stable function generator noise source when the circuit variation is 1 piezoelectric, 2 parallel piezoelectric, 3 parallel piezoelectric, and 3 parallel-series piezoelectric. With a source of engine noise generator series 3 piezoelectric series produces an average output voltage that is greater than other circuit variations with a value of 201.07 mV SPL an average of 103.5 dB and an average frequency of 223.62 Hz. Increasing the number of piezoelectric when arranged in series will produce a greater voltage. Keywords: acoustic resonator, piezoelectric, circuit variation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Fredy Hariyanto)

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