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Reply from Dr. Wardana R
2025.12.16 11:58:08
Based on the study results, the most dominant mangrove ecosystem service factors strengthening the economic resilience of coastal and urban agribusiness are regulating services and protection services. Regulating services-such as water quality maintenance, pond fertility enhancement, and ecosystem stability-play the strongest role because they directly support productivity and income continuity in coastal agribusiness systems. Protection services are also crucial, as mangroves reduce economic vulnerability by protecting coastal areas from erosion, flooding, and climate-related disturbances, thereby safeguarding business assets and accelerating recovery after shocks. These findings indicate that ecological regulation and physical protection functions of mangroves form the primary foundation for sustainable economic resilience in coastal and urban agribusiness settings
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