The Dynamics of Indonesian Democracy After the New Order in a Deliberative Democracy Perspective (Analytical Study of the Governments of B.J Habibie, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, and Joko Widodo) Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Mohammad Maiwan, Yuyus Kardiman
Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Jl. R.Mangun Muka Raya No.11, RT.11/RW.14, Rawamangun, Kec. Pulo Gadung, Kota Jakarta Timur, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 13220
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the dynamics of Indonesian democracy after the new order using Jurgen Habermas deliberative democracy perspective, including- Discourse Ethics, Political Public Space, and Popular Discourse Sovereignty. This research is focused on discussing the governments of Habibie, SBY, and Jokowi. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. The data sources that researchers use are primary and secondary data sources, where primary data includes: books, journals, and news papers, while secondary sources were obtained through in-depth interviews using the deep elaborate technique. The results of the study findings showed that there was a Habibie era, democracy experienced a revival due to openness in all aspects that provide public space for the community and the absorbment of public deliberation as a policy consideration. In the SBY era, Indonesia^s democracy stagnated due to the phenomenon of high-cost democracy, half the openness of political publicsphere, as well as the institutionalization of state institutions and less maximal opposition in support of climate democratization efforts in full. In the Jokowi era, democracy regressed with the emergence of various phenomena that threatened political publicsphere and public deliberation, such as the use of coercive instruments against government opposition, the formation of cartelism and very strong political oligarchy, and the stagnation of public deliberation of citizens in the arena of political publicsphere. This is a phenomenon of post-new order democracy and has implications for the return of authoritarian rule in democracies.
Keywords: Democracy, Government, Political Publicsphere
