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151	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-290
FUNCTIONAL GROUP ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOL CONTENT OF RED AND WHITE DRAGON FRUIT EXTRACTS Sunardi, Nur Hidayati Chemical Analyst Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Setia Budi University Health Analyst Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Setia Budi University Abstract Keywords: dragon fruit skin, functional groups, total phenols, precision Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sunardi Sunardi)

152	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-306
THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF FRESH FRUIT BUNCHES OF PALM OIL (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Imelya Ramanis(a), Deden Saprudin(b*), Sudradjat (c) (a) Agronomy and Horticulture, Graduate School, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia (b) Departement of Biochemistry, Graduate School, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia (*) dsp[at]apps.ipb.ac.id (c) Departement of Agronomy and Horticulture, Graduate School, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Abstract Quality of crude palm oil (CPO) is influenced by fresh fruit bunches (FFB) quality including physical and chemical. The damage in the palm oil fruit causes increasing hydrolysis process so free fatty acid content increase and the oil content decrease. Damage is caused by the postharvest process of the fruit, such as the time to transport to the factory and delays in collecting the fruit. The delay for processing must be appropriate so that damage of FFB should be minimized using potassium permanganate (KMnO4). This study want to know the effect of KMnO4 on physical and chemical quality of FFB of palm oil and the relationship between the observed variables. The FFB samples were taken from IPB-Cargill Teaching Farm of Palm Oil, Jonggol Bogor Indonesia. This study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment consisted of 4 concentration content of KMnO4 (0 %, 0,025%, 0,050% and 0,075%). The results showed that applying KMnO4 could maintain the physical quality of palm oil fruit on weight loss, fruit fall, respiration rate, and microbial content. The chemical quality is observed by fruit moisture content and free fatty acid content. KMnO4 concentration of 0,075% is the best concentration. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, the direction of the relationship between the observed variables is positive. Variables that had a strong relationship were weight loss and fruit fall, weight loss and a number of microbes, weight loss and number of microbes, water content and number of microbes, as well as free fatty acids and number of microbes. Keywords: Concentration- Crude palm oil- Fresh fruit bunches- Potassium permanganate Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imelya Ramanis)

153	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-356
Green production of chitin from black soldier fly pupae using a natural deep eutectic solvents Raisya Salsabila (a), Shanny Fridarima (a), Ananda Azhari Aprianty Pabo (a), Intan Puspita Sari (a), Nila Tanyela Berghuis (a*) a) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia *nila.tanyela[at]universitaspertamina.ac.id Abstract Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) are eco-sustainable, non-toxic, non-volatile, renewable, reusable, and biodegradable and are composed of natural compounds. NADESs were developed as a new-generation solvent for extracting chitin from black soldier fly (BSF) pupae, and its effectiveness for demineralization and deproteinization was determined. Here, two promising NADESs, consisting of mixtures of choline chloride-betaine-xylitol (NADESs A) and choline chloride-malic acid-water (NADESs B), were tested. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the changes in the chemical composition of the extracted chitin. &#945--chitin revealed at wavenumbers 1660-1500 cm-1, in the amide group and decomposed at 330-350C. NADESs A and NADESs B have a crystalline index of 91.65% and 90.65%. The surface of chitin-NADESs A and chitin-NADESs B reveals the repetition of square, pentagonal, and hexagonal units (magnification 250x) and fibrils (magnification 25,000x). This study provides a green approach for chitin production from BSF and reveals the potential of NADESs for extracting biopolymers from natural sources. Keywords: Black soldier fly pupae- Chitin- Natural deep eutectic solvents Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raisya Salsabila)

154	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-361
Quality of Untraded Rattan Stem from Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) Based on the Morphology A. TANRA TELLU *- WARDAH, MUSDALIFAH NURDIN, SYECH ZAINAL 1Departement of Mathematic^s and Natural Sciences Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno Hatta Km 9 City of Palu, 94118, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Faculty of Economics, Tadulako University Abstract Rattan is a non-timber forest product with great economic value. Therefore, this study aims to determine the quality of non-traded rattan from Central Sulawesi based on the morphological characters of the rods. It was carried out to choose alternative speciess of rattan suitable as raw materials to fulfill the increasing demand. A descriptive method was used with wet rattan specimens obtained from natural forests as study materials to determine the quality species and levels. Moreover, complete identification and determination of morphological characters were used to determine the specific species, while the quality was determined based on the internode length, diameter, cylindricity, color, groove depth (texture), and surface appearance of the rod. Data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance followed by a mean difference test, using the SPSS Version 21 program. The results showed that the morphological characters of the 10 rattan speciess were distinctively different, therefore, it was used as determinants of all variables studied. Based on the results, the non-traded rattan with a relatively similar quality as the favorite traded speciess include Calamus insignis, C. minahasae, C. koordersianus, C. leptostachyus, Daemonorops lamprolepsis, D. robusta and D. macroptera. Keywords: Rattan- great economic- morphological characters Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (sitti rahmawati)

155	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-112
FORMULATION OF BREADFRUIT (Artocarpus altilis) PEEL WASTE AND BLOOD CLAM SHELL WASTE (Anadara granosa) WITH GLYCEROL AS PLASTICIZER IN DEGRADABLE PLASTIC MANUFACTURING Robert Adhitama, Jesica Viona Setiawan, Johan Sukweenadhi, Theresia Desy Askitosari, Mangihot Tua Goeltom Fakultas Teknobiologi Universitas Surabaya Abstract Nowadays, the world in in dire need for solutions to tackle the ever-growing plastic Nowadays, the world needs solutions to manage the ever-growing plastic waste problem. Plastics cannot decay easily in natural environment. Instead, it took for conventional plastics such as PET - about 23 to 48 years to decay naturally in the environment. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find an alternative to these types of plastics, namely degradable plastics. One type of bioplastics, called starch-based bioplastic can be made using starchy materials from Breadfruit peel. This is in combination with Blood Clam shell - derived chitin nanowhiskers as reinforcer and glycerol as plasticizer. In this research, bioplastic is synthesized using proposed formulation consisting of starch extracted from Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) peel waste, substituted by reinforcing agent chitin nanowisker made from Blood Clam (Anadara granosa) shell waste, and addition of glycerol as plasticizer. Further, bioplastic was tested according to general standard plastic tests including Tensile Strength, Water Uptake and Soil Burial test. Chitin nanowhisker was made using Acid Hydrolysis method in which HCl 0,1 M was used to hydrolyse blood clam shell chitin waste, while Breadfruit peel starch was extracted using centrifugation method. Soil burial test results showed that in the period of less than 15 days, the bioplastic was completely decomposed. Water uptake test results showed that the bioplastic made from breadfruit waste starch + Blood Cam-derived nanowhisker chitin can achieve water uptake numbers as high as 94,077 %, this was lower than the control sample which was made without addition of Blood Cam-derived nanowhisker chitin. But this test result was still higher compared to conventional plastics such as clip plastic, having water uptake percentage of 0,758 %, and to supermarket plastic bags having water uptake percentage of zero. Tensile strength test showed that the bioplastic made from breadfruit waste starch + Blood Cam-derived nanowhisker chitin was two times stronger than bioplastic made without the addition of Blood Cam-derived nanowhisker chitin and was also stronger than conventional plastics. Keywords: Anadara granosa, Artocarpus altilis, degradable plastic, soil burial, tensile strength, water uptake Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Robert Adhitama)

156	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-147
Trends of Literature in Renewable Energy Research in Indonesia: A Bibliometric Analysis Indra Kurniawan, Pudji Hastuti, Yosa Permata Shafira, Anissa Dewi Suryaningtyas, Muhammad Fauzan Rafif, Manifas Zubair, Jaizuluddin Mahmud, Sarjono, Irawan Santoso, Lambas Parlaungan Panggabean Directorate of Measurements and Indicators for Research, Technology, and Innovation, Deputy for Research and Innovation Policy, The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), M.H. Thamrin Street No. 8, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Energy transition has become the agenda of many countries worldwide. The Indonesian government continues encouraging renewable energy to reduce reliance on fossil-based energy and achieve the Net Zero Emission (NZE) target by 2030. In Indonesia, many types of renewable energy are being pursued, including solar, bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and sea. However, only some studies provide an overview of renewable energy research maps in Indonesia based on research literature studies on energy clusters. This study aims to map trends in the literature on renewable energy in Indonesia using a quantitative review technique called bibliometric analysis. The data was retrieved from the Scopus database and was analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Only 760 documents, including 229 articles and 531 paper conferences, and 59 keywords met the threshold were examined from 1,390 documents. The documents are classified into 6 clusters, which consist of Bio Energy with 332 documents, Solar with 235 documents, Wind with 73 documents, Hydro with 56 documents, Geothermal with 33 documents, and Ocean with 31 documents. The result of this study shows how far research on renewable energy, as well as the most prevalent types of clusters studied in Indonesia, has progressed over time. Furthermore, this study provides an overview of the most researched renewable energy sector to assist policymakers in prioritizing the renewable energy sector, which has the potential to be developed on a larger scale in Indonesia. Keywords: renewable energy- net zero emission- bibliometric analysis- Indonesia- VOSviewer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yosa Permata Shafira)

157	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-164
Spatial Analysis of Plastic Waste Leakage Potential in Southeast Asia Basin Level Dyah Rezqy Hafidzah (a*), Adria Viola Chintia (a), Anjar Dimara Sakti (b), Ketut Wikantika (b) a) Master Program of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung *25122021[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id b) Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung *25122021[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id Abstract As a lightweight, inexpensive, and easy-to-obtain material, plastic has experienced a significant increase in global production over the last few decades. In addition, the nature of plastic that is difficult to decompose will eventually become plastic waste that accumulates on land and in the ocean. Strategic steps need to be implemented by each country to reduce the amount of plastic waste produced every time. This study uses a geospatial information approach to determine plastic waste pollution, which can be used by integrating various data sources. This study aims to create a dynamic pollution model of mismanaged plastic waste basin levels in Southeast Asia by combining remote sensing data and socio-economic data. The parameters used to determine the plastic waste potential index are the amount of plastic waste generated and socio-economic. The estimation model for plastic waste entering the river was made using the weighting method and overlapping analysis of the existing parameters. The results show that basins in densely populated areas such as the cities of Jakarta, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Hanoi, and Manila have the potential to produce high levels of plastic waste from the mainland. Keywords: plastic waste generation, geospatial analysis, remote sensing, socioeconomic parameter, mismanaged plastic waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dyah Rezqy Hafidzah)

158	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-165
Multi-hazard Susceptibility Assessment Using Multi-Criteria Analysis Method in Southeast Asia Adria Viola Chintia(a*),Dyah Rezqy Hafidzah (b) , Anjar Dimara Sakti (c) , Ketut Wikantika (c) a) Master Program of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering , Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia * 25122017[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id b) Master Program of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c)Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur separately or simultaneously within a certain period and have the potential to damage the environment. For any particular region, many single hazard maps may not provide stakeholders with all the information on impending hazards for preparedness and planning. The multi-hazard map completes the combined illustration of various natural hazards, their frequency, and their spatial distribution. Thus, multi-hazard vulnerability is carried out to describe natural disaster scenarios holistically from a certain area. Multi-hazard vulnerabilities are rare in Southeast Asia although multi-hazards strike the region every year. In this study floods, landslides and wildfires are used to model multi-hazard vulnerability in Southeast Asia, using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method which is then integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS). First, the susceptibility to flooding, landslide, and wildfire hazards is assessed individually and then combined to obtain a multi-hazard hazard. This multi-hazard in Southeast Asia was performed by pairwise comparisons of three natural hazards. The results of the study concluded that the regions that have a high susceptibility to multi-hazard are Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines with an overall model accuracy of more than 80%. These multi-hazard susceptibility maps are necessary for disaster management and land use planning. Keywords: multi-criteria analysis, multi-hazard, susceptibility Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adria Viola Chintia)

159	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-206
Situation Analysis in the Preparation of Contingency Plans on Landslide in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Siti Azizah Susilawati (a*), Nanda Khoirunisa (b), Ivan Budi Setiawan (a), Rahmah Afifah (a), Dwi Azisyarlina (b) a) Department Geography Education, Faculty of Education, Muhammadiyah Surakarta University Jalan Garuda Mas No.2, Pabelan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java 57169, Indonesia *azizah.susilawati[at]ums.ac.id b) Geophysics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University Jalan Barong Tongkok, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan 75242, Indonesia Abstract As part of disaster risk management, contingency plan as a mitigation effort is in the form of a document in an emergency response plan. A contingency plan is a systematic plan for dealing with disaster emergencies and preparedness situations, for example, landslides. From 2003 to 2021, there have been 9 landslides and a total of 203 injuries in Sukoharjo Regency, where Bulu and Weru Districts have a high threat of landslides. Threat scenarios are created based on reasonable estimates of the worst threat event or the most likely event scenario. Event scenarios include aspects of location, trigger, primary hazard, early warning, affected area coverage, secondary hazard, and derivative hazard. Landslide hazard characteristics are assessed based on topography, geology, and past disaster history. The results of the threat impact scenario include: a) the population aspect in the villages of Kedungsono, Gentan, Kemal, Sanggang, Tiyaran, and Tawang, assuming that the exposed population is 18,604 people, of whom 3,487 are vulnerable groups- b) it is estimated that the physical aspects of the affected facilities and infrastructure are residential areas, schools, health centers, and village offices- c) the affected economic sectors, in the form of losses in the fields of trade, services, tourism, retail, industry, transportation, agriculture, plantations, and fisheries, disrupt people^s livelihoods with a total physical loss approximating IDR33,549,590,784,957 or -2,145,725,004- and d) affected environmental aspects with the assumption scenario in the form of light to severe damage to the soil or land, air, and forest conditions. Keywords: landslide, situation analysis, contingency plan, impact assumtion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nanda Khoirunisa)

160	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES	ABS-227
Comparing the validation results of the Markovian land cover model with the refined and roughened Modis data Winda Wijayasari (a), Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat (b), Sparisoma Viridi (c*) a) Department of Computational Science, Faculty of Mathematic and natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132. b) Water Resources Development Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132 c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematic and natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesa No. 10 Bandung 40132 Abstract Land cover modeling is essential to design sustainable development, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. The land cover model using LANSAT satellite data required expertise in manual land cover classification processes. MODIS is a product of the Terra satellite launched by NASA and specially made using the land cover algorithm to minimize errors generated due to errors in the land classification process. Available MODIS resolutions are 250m, 500m, and 1 km. This study will discuss the effect of coarsening and refining the resolution of MODIS data on land cover modeling results. The method used to analyze land cover is the Markov chain. Smoothing of the grid size does not significantly affect the error of the land cover. However, roughing the grid increases the error of the land cover modeling results. Thus, the error value of the land cover model using MODIS data depends on the resolution limit. Keywords: MODIS- Land cover- Markov Chain- Upper Citarum Watershed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Winda Wijayasari)

161	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-259
Effects of Photoperiod and Blue Light Exposure on Thyroid Hormone Regulation in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Afdhal Tisyan(a*), Lulu Lusianti Fitri(a), Karlia Meitha(a) School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha Street No.10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *tisyan.bong[at]gmail.com Abstract Blue light (bl) is a nonvisual stimulus to the biological clock center in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). SCN generates metabolic rate change, which is regulated centrally by thyroid hormone (TH) in the hypothalamus and peripherally in adipose tissue through the deiodination mechanism. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the differences in the photoperiodic response under bl exposure by examining total circulated TH and deiodinase expression levels in rats. The physiological response was tested on neutral photoperiod (12L:12D) without bl exposure- short (8L:16D, SD) and long (16L:8D, LD) photoperiod treatment which consists of a group without bl exposure and bl interruption in the middle of the light phase (n = 6/group). The results revealed that blue light exposure suppressed the expression of DIO2 in the hypothalamus of SD rats and iBAT of LD rats, as well as suppression of DIO3 expression in the hypothalamus of LD rats. Lower DIO2 levels in iBAT supported higher body mass of LD rats. SD rats exhibited milder stress behavior than LD, whereas, under exposure to bl, LD rats showed more stress suppression than non-bl LD rats. Our data suggest that bl exposure positively affected the body mass of LD rats. Conversely, SD rats with a more negative energy balance showed lower body mass and high compensation of food intake. In conclusion, blue light suppressed stress levels notably in long photoperiod compared to non-exposure to blue light, and low-stress behavior was found to contribute to higher body mass. Keywords: blue light- brown adipose tissue- hypothalamus- photoperiod- thyroid hormone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Afdhal Tisyan)

162	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-261
Integrated Cultivation Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) and Tetragonula Biroi in a Screenhouse System Muhamad Aldi Nurdiansyah (a,b*), Muhammad Yusuf Abduh (b,c), Mochamad Firmansyah (b,c), Khalilan Lambangsari (b,c), Agus Dana Permana (b) a) Doctoral Program of Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *aldinrdnsyh[at]gmail.com b) School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Univesity Centre of Excellence for Nutraceuticals, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Closed farming systems in screenhouses are increasingly being used in fruit horticultural farming, such as cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). However, the unavailability of wild pollinator insects is a limiting factor. This study aimed to increase the fruit set and productivity of C. frutescens cultivated in a screenhouse system coupled with stingless bees, Tetragonula biroi (Hymenoptera: Apidae) while at the same time investigating foraging behavior, flower visitation rate, and abiotic factors that influence visitation rate of the T. biroi. This study used two treatments particularly wind pollination and T. biroi pollination to compare fruit set and productivity of C. frutescens. T. biroi performed pollination activities with an average time spent of 24.74 seconds/flower. The flower visitation rate was highest at noon (10:00 to 13:00) with 0.62 bees/hour, influenced by temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity. There was a significant difference in the percentage of fruit set between the wind pollination treatment (43.32 %) and the T. biroi pollination treatment (70.96 %). The estimated productivity of the wind pollination treatment is 1.04 tons/ha while for T. biroi pollination is 1.29 tons/ha in one harvest. This study shows that the pollination by T. biroi increased the percentage of fruit set (38.82 %) and the productivity (24.04 %) of C. frutescens in screenhouse. Keywords: Cayenne pepper- Fruit set- Pollinator- Productivity- Tetragonula biroi Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhamad Aldi Nurdiansyah)

163	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-267
Transformation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase-1 (hmgr1) gene enhances accumulation of mevalonic acid and isoprenoid derivatives in transgenic of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich ex Nees Febby Florencia, Erly Marwani*, Yeyet Setiawati School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *erly[at]sith.itb.ac.id Abstract Andrographis paniculata has long been used as a herbal medicine. The primary bioactive compound in this plant is andrographolide. In the biosynthesis of andrographolide through the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, the 3-Hydroxy-3 Methylglutaryl Coenzyme-A Reductase (HMGR) has been reported as the rate limiting enzyme in the MVA pathway to the biosynthesis of isoprenoid, a precursor of terpenes intermediate metabolites such as geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and geranyl geranyl diphosphate (GGPP), which are essential for andrographolide biosynthesis. Our previous study revealed that an increase in the expression level of the hmgr1 gene could increase the andrographolide in transformed A. paniculata. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the transformation of the hmgr1 gene into A. paniculata on the MVA, GPP, GGPP, and andrographolide concentration. In addition, the correlation of MVA, GPP, GGPP, and andrographolide concentration was also examined. In this study, the cotyledonary explants were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 carrying pBI121-hmgr1 plasmid with a strong promoter CaMV 35S using agroinfiltration method for 60 minutes, followed by cocultivation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 100 &#956-M acetosyringone for three days, disinfection with 400 ppm of cefotaxime and selection on MS medium containing 20 ppm of kanamycin. The transformed tissues were transferred into the shoot regeneration medium, the MS containing 2.5 ppm BAP, 0.5 ppm IAA, 100 ppm of cefotaxime, and 20 ppm of kanamycin. The presence of the hmgr1 gene in the transformed shoots was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Analysis of MVA, GPP, GGPP, and andrographolide was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that the transformed shoots could grow and multiply on a medium containing 20 ppm kanamycin and the stable transformation was confirmed by the PCR product of 2,682 bp which correspond to hmgr1 gene. The transformed shoots accumulated MVA, GPP, GGPP, and andrographolide higher than that of the non-transformed shoots, respectively up to 4.28- 4.20- 3.10- and 3.00-fold. Pearson correlation coefficient test showed a positive correlation between MVA, GPP, GGPP, and andrographolide concentrations where the increase in MVA concentration led to an increase of GPP, GGPP, and andrographolide concentration. Keywords: Mevalonic acid- geranyl diphosphate- geranyl geranyl diphosphate- andrographolide- HMGR Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Febby Florencia)

164	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-272
Reduction of cyanide concentration in cassava by lactic acid bacteria fermentation: A meta-analysis M Asyam Jayanegara (1), Eny Palupi (2), Anuraga Jayanegara (3*) 1) Major of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, SMAN 1 Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2) Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3) Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Abstract Cassava is among a major staple food for human in many countries, especially those around the tropical regions. However, it contains a toxic compound namely the cyanide. Various treatments are required to alleviate such toxin before it can be safely consumed by human. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cassava fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on cyanide concentration using a meta-analysis method. A total of nine articles that comprised of 20 comparisons were integrated into a database. The effect size (ES) used was based on the Ln response ratio (Ln RR). Integration of ES from different studies was based on a random effect model with DerSimonian-Laird algorithm. Results revealed that LAB fermentation reduced total cyanide concentration with an ES of -0.667 (lower bound -0.836- upper bound -0.499- P<0.001) or equal to an average cyanide reduction of 48.7%. There was no effect of fermentation period on cyanide reduction. Fermentation of cassava enhanced lactic acid concentration and LAB population with the ES of 2.305 (about 10 folds increase- P<0.001) and 0.757 (P<0.001), respectively. The fermentation also decreased pH of cassava (ES -0.407- P<0.001). In conclusion, LAB fermentation is an effective processing technique to reduce the poisonous cyanide in cassava. Keywords: Cassava- Cyanide- Fermentation- Lactic acid bacteria Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anuraga Jayanegara)

165	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-324
Growth and Development Performances of Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae on Fermented Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) Substrate Naomi Florenata Damanik (1), Ramadhani Eka Putra (1*), Agus Dana Permana (1) 1) School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132 Indonesia *ramadhani[at]sith.itb.ac.id Abstract Larvae of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly/BSF) are considered as agents of bioconversion and reduction of organic waste, including by-products of agro-industrial waste. Palm kernel meal (PKM) as palm oil mill waste contains high lignocellulose, making it difficult for BSF larvae to digest. This study aims to analyze the growth and development performance of BSF larvae in fermented PKM waste using EM4 and molasses. Five (5) days old BSF larvae were reared in PKM waste, which was fermented with EM4 and molasses for 2, 3, and 4 days (F2, F3, and F4)- PKM was fermented with water for four days (FA) and chicken feed (PA) as control. Each treatment was observed every three days to determine growth rate, average weight, larval to prepupal length, survival, and larval development period. Feed efficiency and feed reduction were also analyzed by calculating the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), feed conversion ratio (FCR), waste reduction index (WRI) and substrate consumption rate (SCR). The results showed that BSF larvae could grow and develop on PKM fermented either with EM4 and molasses or water. Especially in the F2 treatment, which had the fastest larval development period (17 days) and was not significantly different (p-value> 0.05) with chicken feed as a control (15.8 days). All treatments showed high larval survival rates (99.72 - 100%). However, the best performance from growth and development performance (weight and larval development) that approached the performance of control was the 2-day PKM fermentation treatment, though the best reduction efficiency was in the 3-day PKM fermentation treatment. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that fermented PKM can be used in the mass rearing of BSF larvae. Keywords: Hermetia illucens- Palm kernel meal (PKM)- Pretreatment- EM4 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Naomi Florenata Damanik)

166	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-352
Expression and Purification PfLDH in E. coli Nursyifa Eva, Sugiyo Ignatius Yovin, Natalia Dessy, Masduki Fifi Fitriyah Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Malaria is a disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite which is spread by the female Anopheles mosquito. Most malaria cases found in Indonesia are caused by infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax. One way to control malaria is malaria diagnosis. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential for effective control of the disease. Commercially available malaria RDTs in Indonesia are still being imported. Therefore, efforts are needed to produce malaria RDT independently. One of the biomarkers used in malaria RDT is pLDH (Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase). The aims of this study were to analyze B cell epitope linear structure and conformation in silico, PfLDH protein expression, purification of PfLDH recombinant protein and characterization of PfLDH recombinant protein using RDT. The stages of the research include (i) predicting linear structure B cell epitope with the Bepipred method for early prediction of B cell epitope, Emini Surface Accessibility to determine the epitope position, Chou and Fasman to determine the beta turn structure, Predictability of Karplus and Schulz Flexibility to determine the ability and Parker to determine the hydrophilic nature of the antigen, while for the prediction of B cell epitope conformational structure was carried out by the DiscoTope method to determine the prediction of B cell epitope in the tertiary structure (ii) to express PfLDH recombinant protein (iii) to purify PfLDH recombinant protein. Based on the analysis of B cell epitope linear structure and conformation, the potential epitope candidate is APGKSDKEWNRDDL with an amino sequence of 85-98 with a length of 13 mer, where the candidate epitope is on the surface, is hydrophilic, flexible, and antigenic. The expression of recombinant PfLDH with IPTG 0.3 mM at 37oC was successfully carried out and confirmed by SDS PAGE analysis, which showed the presence of protein fragments with a molecular weight of about 37 kDa. Purification of PfLDH recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)- RIPL bacterial cells has been successfully carried out and confirmed by SDS PAGE analysis which shows of thick fragments in the protein with a molecular weight of around 37 kDa. Characterization with RDT has been successfully carried out with the discovery of two bands in the control area and tests that confirm that there is a specificity between the antigens on the recombinant protein. This research is expected to contribute to the development of RDT malaria kits in Indonesia. Keywords: PfLDH, E. coli Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eva Nursyifa)

167	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-368
Regulation mechanism of cAMP Receptor Protein in Low-Molecular-Weight Bacteriocin Secretion by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. caratovorum Ruchi Briam James Sersenia Lagitnay 1,2**, Tzu-Rong Li 2, Duen-Yau Chuang 2 1 Natural Sciences Department, College of Arts & Sciences, Nueva Vizcaya State University, Philippines 2 Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Abstract Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is a phytopathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria. Pcc creates an exotoxin termed bacteriocin, which can kill its gene-related strains, in response to environmental stimuli including nutritional deficiency or UV exposure. The Cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), also known as catabolite activator protein (CAP), was the focus of this study as it functions as a regulator of low-molecular-weight bacteriocins (LMWB- carocin). The Pcc crp gene was knocked out via homologous recombination, and the results were examined both in vivo and in vitro. To identify the crp binding sites, a biotinylated probe pull down test was carried out. According to the study^s findings, deletion of the crp gene alters the expression of several low-molecular-weight bacteriocins and suppresses the expression of genes involved in the extracellular export of bacteriocins via the flagellar type three secretion system. In the biotinylated probe pull down assay, crp preferentially binds to one of the two CAP sites when UV induction is absent, however when UV induction is present, crp binds to both of the two CAP sites. In conclusion, our research aimed to simulate the signal transduction system that controls the expression of the carocin gene in response to UV induction. Keywords: cAMP Receptor Protein- low-molecular-weight bacteriocin- flagellar-type III secretion- Pectobacte-rium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ruchi Briam James Sersenia Lagitnay)

168	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-374
Characterization of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) derived lipid nanoparticle as a novel nanovector Marselina Irasonia Tan, Azzania Fibriania, Adelina Khristiani Rahayu School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Liposomes as non-viral vectors is one of method to deliver water-soluble drug or gene theraphy. However, commercial liposomes that are currently available are also quite expensive, so that innovation of commercial liposome substitute materials that have the same capabilities with an economical price and has an abundance of materials for production is very necessary, by using nanoparticles derived from plants or called lipid nanoparticles. Lipid nanoparticles derived from plant have a lipid bilayer structure similar to that of conventional liposomes. When interacting with water, polar lipids gather and form colloidal particles so that they can encapsulate water-soluble drug or gene. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles (Nigella sativa), so that they can be used as nanovector. Isolation of black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles was carried out by gradient sucrose-centrifugation. The isolated lipid nanoparticles were centrifuged at a speed of 11,000 rpm, 14,000 rpm, gradient centrifugation and using amicon. The morphology of black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles and DOTAP was observed using TEM. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out using MTT assay. Internalization of black cumin and DOTAP were observed using confocal microscope. The results showed that black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles were successfully isolated using the sucrose gradient method (the amount of sucrose used was 0.5mL, with a sucrose concentration of 90% - 10%). Black cumin derived exosome-like nanoparticles that were successfully centrifuged and collected had diameters varying between 100 nm - 200 nm, spherical in shape, and had a negative surface charge (-). The characteristics possessed by black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles are the same as those of DOTAP (commercial liposomes), which are round in shape. Based on the results of the cytotoxicity assay using MTT, the MCF-7 cell line after treatment with DOTAP (128ug/mL) still had a percentage of cell viability of up to 59% when compared to cell control. The MCF-7 cell line after treatment with lipid nanoparticles (320ug/mL) also still had a percentage of cell viability of up to 94.55% when compared to control. This indicated that black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles did not have anti-cancer activity against the MCF-7 cell line (non-toxic), similar to DOTAP. Black cumin derived lipid nanoparticles successfully internalized by MCF-7 at 45 mins after treatment. Those result showed that lipid nanoparticle has potential as novel nanovector in drug delivery systems. Keywords: lipid nanoparticle, black cumin, nanovector, drug delivery system, breast cancer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adelina Khristiani Rahayu)

169	LIFE SCIENCES	ABS-252
Study of ND3 Dehydrogenase Gene Mutation from Local Isolate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rina Budi Satiyarti, Rahmaniar Mulyani, Tia Annisa Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Program Studi Kimi, Fakultas Sains dan Informatika Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Abstract Mitochondria play an important role for producing ATP. ATP was produced by utilizing an electron from NADH and catalyzed by ATP Synthase. The electron was released from NADH and entered the inner mitochondria membrane by dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by NADH dehydrogenase. ND3 dehydrogenase is one of subunit NADH dehydrogenase complex enzyme. Point mutation in ND3 dehydrogenase gene has been known commonly related to breast cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this research was to study mutations of ND3 gene sequence from local TD2M sample without complication disease. This research was done by following four steps, there were DNA template isolation from two blood samples of T2DM patients, DNA amplification using PCR technique, sequencing and homology analysis, and in silico analysis. There is one nucleotide variation found in sample one G10310A, which is a silent mutation. From sample 2 there were three nucleotide variation namely, G10364A, A10398G and C10400T. Only A10398G was altered amino acid T114A. In silico analysis showed that the amino acid mutation gave a structural protein changed in tail part. This alteration may assumed give an increasing of ROS level in mitochondria. Keywords: Mitochondria, NADH dehydrogenase, ND3 dehydrogenase, mutation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rina Budi Satiyarti)

170	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-257
Trajectory Estimation Autonomous Car using Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) Q A Fiddina, S Subchan, and H Nurhadi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Abstract Autonomous technology is being developed by researchers because this technology trend in manufacture, industry and academic. Autonomous vehicle require tracking trajectory using estimation. Tracking autonomous vehicle is needed methods of estimation. Method estimation most use by researchers is Kalman Filter Method or Modified Kalman Filter Method. In this paper discuss about navigation of autonomous car using Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) Methods. In this paper, autonomous car will be use is intelligent Car or i-Car. i-Car is autonomous car developed by Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). Model of autonomous car are two model, there are kinematic and dynamic model. That model will be used for estimation using Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method. Simulation of result use assume &#8710-t=0.1,T=100, and sum of ensemble N=100. Result of estimation trajectory surge is around 2500 meter and sway is 444.23 meter. Moreover, we can get RMSE for estimation surge is 0.1883 and estimation sway is 0.1026. the value of RMSE is relatively small. So, we can called the estimation is optimum and autonomous car model can be implement Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method Keywords: Autonomous Car, Ensemble Kalman Filter, Trajectory Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Qori Afiata Fiddina)

171	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-260
Application of Markov chains to predict students^ achievement Mohamad Riyadi(a*), Sumarni(a), Alda Puspa Mahesswari(a) a) Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Kuningan Jln. Cut Nyak Dhien No. 36A Cijoho - Kuningan - Jawa Barat - Indonesia *mohamad.riyadi[at]uniku.ac.id Abstract In higher education, the grade point average is one indicator of student learning success. Achievement of the GPA could be influenced by mindset. This study aims to estimate the results of the student achievement index based on the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. The data used is the achievement of the GPA of mathematics education students for the 2019/2020 academic year. The data analysis used a discrete Markov chain approach. The transition probability matrix is constructed. The transition probability, in the long run, is calculated by the homotopy perturbation method. The results show that in the long run, students with a fixed mindset will get a grade point average in the low categories while students with a growth mindset tend to get a grade point average in the middle categories. Keywords: grade point average, mindset, Markov chain, homotopy perturbation method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamad Riyadi)

172	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-9
Proof of the Distance Formula in Three-Dimensional Spaces Viewed from the Scope of Geometry Mahfudz Reza Fahlevi IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung, Indonesia Abstract This paper aims to present various proofs on a quick formula (distance formula) in three-dimensional space materials. One of the materials in the domain of geometry is a three-dimensional space. Geometry is one of the most essential subjects of mathematics to understand because of its many benefits. But, in school mathematics learning, the use of quick formulas in three-dimensional space materials is quite often given, this is accompanied by not being equipped with the cultivation of a strong concept understanding so that it can have a negative impact on students mathematics learning culture. As a result, it will gradually encourage students to an instant and non-constructive culture that keeps students away from honesty and responsibility. Through this paper, researchers seek to contribute to providing mathematical proofs of a quick formula so that it can be a reference for educators. The proof of the quick formula in this paper will be explained from various points of view using various materials that are still within the scope of geometry. The materials involved include the concept of similarity, the concept of area of a triangle, the concept of three-dimensional space, analytical geometry (with a Cartesian coordinate system), and vector analysis approach (vector space). Keywords: Distance in three-dimensional spaces, Proof, Quick formula Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahfudz Reza Fahlevi)

173	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-12
The challenges of teachers in introducing the concept of central tendency for junior mathematics students Rita Desfitri (a*) a) Mathematics Education Department, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Universitas Bung Hatta. Jalan Sumatera Ulakkarang, Padang 25133, Indonesia *rdesfitri[at]bunghatta.ac.id Abstract Probability and Statistics are encountered with regularity in daily life. One of the common statistical measurements encountered by students is the central tendencies. However, in most junior mathematics classes, it was found that many teachers introduced the central tendencies are more focused on the calculation of various averages rather than the meaning and the use of each . This makes students know namely the mean, median, and mode without having enough understanding what really differences between them. Students did not aware of what particular measure is needed to use and why it is chosen in light of real-life problems involved. This paper is aimed to discuss about what teachers need to consider when introducing the three central tendencies, so that students are aware of the differences of those, and what situations each of them is best to used. This paper also offers some examples of problems to be given to students to make them understand not only how to count the mean, median, and mode, but also to analyze why particular measure is used to highlight the set of data when informing some certain cases Keywords: central tendency, mean, median, mode Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rita Desfitri)

174	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-271
Visual Basic Application for Excel Learning Media with Synthesis Program Method on Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of Prospective Teachers Martin Bernard(a*), Herman Dwi Surjono(b), Anik Andayani(a) a) Pendidikan Matematika FPMIPA PascaSarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Jl. Colombo Yogyakarta No.1, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 *martinbernard.2021[at]student.uny.ac.id b) Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Jl. Colombo Yogyakarta No.1, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 a) Pendidikan Matematika FPMIPA PascaSarjana Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Jl. Colombo Yogyakarta No.1, Karang Malang, Caturtunggal, Kec. Depok, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 55281 Abstract College students or prospective teachers are the most important sources of knowledge to improve the quality of students^ abilities in schools in preparing students to face industrial technological advances at the time and in the future. Prospective teachers must be able to master technology which changes continuously every day, which is currently leading to the development of digital technology. from a prospective teacher is to utilize technology into a medium that helps understand students to solve mathematical problems, where a media is in the form of several images created through several stages that must be solved through the preparation of a language program systematically from the ideas of a prospective teacher. The method used for making media is the Program Synthesis method with 4 stages, namely Specification, Synhesizier, Verification, and feedback. This method will show the effect on the problem solving indicators when using Visual Basic for Application Excel until the creation of a media. In the results of the study, it was found that making learning media using VBA for Excel through the synthesis method was better than making VBA for Excel learning media using the usual way. Keywords: Visual Basic Application for Excel- Synthesis Program Method- Mathematical Problem Solving Ability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Martin Bernard)

175	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-37
Multi-Depot Capacited Vehicle Routing Problem Time Windows (Mdcvrptw) Using The Harmony Search Algorithm Modeling Katrin Jenny Sirait (*), Asima Manurung, Normalina Napitupulu, Abdurahman Farwaz, Muhammad Irsyad Fadillah, Aditya Tarsa University of Sumatera Utara Jalan Dr. T. Mansur No. 9, Medan 20155, Indonesia *katrin[at]usu.ac.id Abstract The problem of determining vehicle routes is a problem that is faced by many companies engaged in logistics and freight forwarding or often called expeditionary service companies. During the Covid19 pandemic there was a significant increase in the use of expedition services. Based on the survey results, it was found that 85.2% of the public used expedition services in shipping goods and 72% of the public became more selective in choosing expedition services. Companies are required to be able to fulfill every customer desire with a faster and timely process. However, this also raises obstacles, namely the increase in costs in the distribution process. The increase in costs in the distribution process is affected by the number of fleets, fuel costs, distribution distances and the number of depots (warehouses) used. Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) can provide a solution to the problem of distributing goods in the transportation system by finding vehicle routes with minimum costs and maximum customer satisfaction. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has undergone several modifications and one of the variants is the Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP) which has more than one depot to serve customers. The development of MDVRP is the Multi-Depot Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (MDCVRP). In this research, MDCVRP is further developed by adding the Time Windows variable, namely there is a time range that must be met and using the Harmony Search algorithm to solve it. The research method is literature study by collecting data and information that is useful in finding solutions. Next, an analysis and determination of the model for the objective function and constraints are carried out. After that it was completed using the Harmony Search algorithm. Keywords: Vehicle Routing Problem- Harmony Search- Multi Depot VRP Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Katrin Jenny Sirait)

176	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-295
Student^s Ability to Prove Isoperimetric Problem Using Worksheet and Prior Knowledge Febby Ayuni Esya Putri (a), Denny Ivanal Hakim (b*) (a) Student at Magister Pengajaran Matematika, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia (b) Lecturer at Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia *Corresponding Author Abstract The lack of mathematics content in Indonesia that emphasized students^ proving abilities consequently gave students few opportunities to optimize their proving abilities. Teachers can reference other proof content, such as Isoperimetric Problem because this content uses elementary prior school mathematics content, namely algebra operations and the area and perimeter of Two-Dimensional Figures. Teachers might arrange Isoperimetric Problem through worksheets so students can comprehend this problem. This study aims to know whether there is an effect of using the worksheet, prior knowledge, and interaction between the worksheet and students^ prior knowledge on students^ ability to prove the Isoperimetric Problem on Two-Dimensional Figures. This study used a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design and involved two classes in a second-year high school class at one of the high schools in Jambi City. The control class received instruction directly, while the experimental class received instruction utilizing a worksheet. Based on their prior knowledge, each class^s students split into three groups, high, medium, and low. The findings were examined using a Two-Way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05, showing that using the worksheet, prior knowledge, and interactions between them impact students^ proving ability to prove the Isoperimetric Problem. Keywords: Isoperimetric Problem, Worksheet, Prior Knowledge, Students Proving Ability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Febby Ayuni Esya Putri)

177	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-302
A Characteristic of Co-derivation of -R--Comodule -M- Nikken Prima Puspita (a*) Indah Emilia Wijayanti(b) a) Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Searang, Indonesia, 50275 *nikkenprima[at]lecturer.undip.ac.id b) Mathematics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Abstract Let -R- be a ring and -M- a right and left module over -R-. We already know the derivation of ring and module categories. A linear map -\delta:R\rightarrow R- is a derivation of ring -R- if -\delta(a\cdot b)=a\delta(b)+\delta(a)b-, for any -a,b\in R-. Moreover, we can bring it to the modules category by considering the element of ring -R- as elements of -R--modules -R-. In GH. Abbaspour et al. (2005), if -\delta- is a derivation of -R- and -f:M\rightarrow N- is an -R--linear map of left -R--module, then an additive map -d:M\rightarrow N- is a -(\delta,f)--derivation if -d(rm)=rd(m)+\delta(r)f(m)-, for any -r\in R- and -m\in M-. The dualization of derivation on module theory is called co-derivation. Consider -R- is an -R--coalgebra and -M- is an -R--bicomodule. We will show that if -R- is a commutative ring, it implies -d: M\rightarrow R- is a co-derivation of -R--bicomodule -M- if and only if -d- is a zero map. Consequently, when -M=R-, -R- is a trivial clean coalgebra over itself. Keywords: derivation- co-derivation- modules- rings- comodules Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nikken Prima Puspita)

178	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-56
Effect Size in Comparing Mathematics Teacher Professionalism by Partial Least Square Asti Meiza (a*), Nani Nuranisah Djamal (a), Yonathan Natanael (a) Fithria Siti Hanifah (a) Department of Psychology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract Science education is the teaching and learning of science for students. The standards for science education provide expectations for the development of understanding for students. The subjects included in the standards are the basic science including mathematics. Teaching Mathematics to students in the social field is not an easy matter. This activity contains challenges because students in the social field generally shy away from mathematics. This study aims to determine the effect size by comparing the competency assessments of mathematics lecturers who are members of the statistics teaching team at Psychology department with Partial Least Square. Subjects are 149 students who took statistics courses. The variables analyzed were professionalism as the independent variable and social competence, pedagogy and personality as the dependent variable. The results showed that on the first lecturer the variables that had a significant effect on his professionalism were not significant or large because none had f^2>0,15. For the second and the third lecturer, the pedagogy variable have a large enough influence on his professionalism. Keywords: social competence- personality- pedagogy- professionalism- partial least square. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asti Meiza)

179	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-315
A study on the behavior of algebraic operations of trigonometric functions Gelar Salman, Denny Ivanal Hakim, Jalina Widjaja Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Trigonometric functions are introduced in high school by the analysis of their graphs. Several applications of trigonometric functions are given as motivation for students to learn these concepts. For instances, trigonometric functions in Fourier series can be used as an approximation to other functions. Therefore, the study on the behavior of algebraic operations of trigonometric functions is important. This study is carried out in two method, namely using the GeoGebra application and analyzing the operations on trigonometric functions. In particular, we consider the change in period and amplitude of these functions. Keywords: Trigonometric functions- GeoGebra- Algebraic operations- Period- Amplitude Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Denny Ivanal Hakim)

180	MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATIONS	ABS-327
PROFILE OF STUDENTS^ MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF GEOMETRY FLAT Pathuddin (*), Sudarman Bennu, Jeniati datuanggoa, Anggraini Mathematics study program, mathematics and sciences division, faculty of teacher training and education, Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno Hatta Km 9 Palu 94118 Indonesia Abstract This study aims to describe the mathematical representation of geometry flat side at SMP Negeri 02 Baras. This type of research is qualitative research. The subjects of this study were grade IX students of SMP Negeri 02 Baras which consisted of one student with high math ability and one student with low math ability. Data were collected by giving assignments and interviews. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Students^ mathematical representation on visual representation indicators for students with high math abilities solve problems by drawing geometric patterns to clarify and facilitate completion, students with high math abilities make geometric patterns according to the given problem, namely drawing cubes and pyramids, while students with high math abilities Low math does not draw geometric patterns to clarify and facilitate completion. (2) Students^ mathematical representation on symbolic representation indicators for students with high and low math abilities solve problems by involving mathematical expressions, namely determining the formula used using mathematical symbols and performing number operations correctly. (3) The mathematical representation of students on verbal representation indicators for students with high mathematics abilities explains the steps for solving mathematical problems with written or oral texts, while students with low mathematical abilities are still wrong in determining the steps for completion Keywords: Mathematical Representation- Geometry Flat Side- Mathematical Ability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pathuddin Pathuddin)

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