Effect of various formulations of Piper aduncum botanical pesticide and concentration levels on fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213/16 Tropical race 4 and VCG 01218 race 1 Nurmansyah (a), Herwita Idris (a), Riska (a*)
a) Research Center for Horticultural and Crops, Cibinong Science Center, BRIN Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor Indonesia 16915
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubence (Foc) Vegetative Compatibility Group (VCG) 01213/16 Tropical race 4 and VCG 01218 race 1 are pathogens that cause wilt disease in banana plants (Musa spp) and can survive for a long time in the soil by forming chlamydospores. This disease can still be controlled using synthetic fungicides, but this method can cause damage to plants and ecosystems. Plant-based pesticides are an alternative to control plant pathogens that are environmentally friendly because they use raw materials made from plants. This study aims to obtain a formulation of Piper aduncum oil with several essential oils to suppress the growth development of two Foc strains that cause wilt disease in banana plants. This study used a complete randomized design in factorial, where the first factor is the type of formulation: F1 = 25% P. aduncum leaf oil, F2 = P. aduncum leaf oil with lemongrass leaf oil (Cymbopogon flexiosus), F3 = P. aduncum oil with citronella leaves (Andropogon nardus), F4 = P. aduncum oil with Ceylon cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), F5 = P. aduncum oil with Padang cinnamon leaf oil (C. burmanii), F6 = P. aduncum oil with clove leaf oil (Eugenia aromatica) F7=P. aduncum oil with wild ginger oil (Elettariopsis slahmong). The second factor is the concentration level: K1 = 1000 ppm, K2 = 2000 ppm, and K3 = 3000 ppm. The results showed that diameter of mycelium between Foc VCG01213/16 Tropical race 4 and VCG01218 race 1 did not differ significantly. However, there were significant differences in the botanical pesticide formulations used. P. aduncum oil formulation mixed with clove leaf oil and Ceylon cinnamon oil at a concentration level of 3000 ppm had better inhibition of colony diameter, namely for Foc VCG01213/16 Tropical race 4 (90.55% and 88.08%) and on Foc VCG 01218 race 1 (90.72% and 89.85%). Likewise, for the inhibition of colony biomass, the best formulation is the P. aduncum oil mixed with clove leaf oil and with Ceylon cinnamon oil, the concentration level at 3000 ppm for Foc VCG 01213/16 were 96.64 and 95.80%, respectively. In contrast, for Foc VCG 01218 race 1 were 96.00% for both.
