Toxicity and Chemical Compounds of Piper aduncum Fruit Extract against Storage Pest Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus Rohimatun (a*), Mahindra Dewi Nur Aisyah (b), Lindung Tri Puspasari (c), Devi Rusmin (a)
a) Research Center for Horticulture and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor, KM. 46, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia, 16911. rohimatun[at]brin.go.id
b) Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor, Jalan Raya Siman, Demangan, Siman, Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia, 63471
c) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran,
Jalan Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia, 45363
Abstract
Insect pests of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae and cowpea beetles Callosobruchus maculatus can reduce the quality and quantity of stored products. Various alternatives development to control insect pests more safely were necessary. Botanical insecticides can be used as an alternative control because of their several advantages. One of the potential plants as a source for botanical insecticides is Piper aduncum (Piperaceae). This study aimed to determine the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum fruit and to assess its toxicity against female adults of S. oryzae and C. maculatus by contact residue. The most abundant chemical compound of ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum was dillapiol (61.54%). Dillapiol was one compound that might be responsible for the insecticidal properties, as well as ylangene, naphthalene, piperitone, hexadecanoic acid, β--eudesmene, α--cubebene, δ--cadinene, myristicin, cis-vaccenic acid, pregnane steroids, octacosane, pyridine, sitosterol, and caryophyllene. The toxicity assay results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum was more toxic against female adults of C. maculatus than S. oryzae. The LC50 values for female adults of S. oryzae and C. maculatus were 4.05% and 0.17%, whereas LC95 values were 116.40% and 4.95%, respectively. Therefore, the ethyl acetate extract of P. aduncum could be further developed as a botanical insecticide to control stored pest insects.
