Heavy Metal Residue in Milk of Fresian Holstein Dairy Cows Supplemented by Urea Multi Nutrient Molasses Block Containing Cement Substitued by Tapioca Meal Renny Fatmyah Utamy, Rio Saputra, Ambo Ako, Hasbi Hasbi, Zyahrul Ramadan, Rara Mufliha, Tasya Tasya, Andi Fitri Nurbina, Andi Mutfaidah, I Dewa Ayu Mahayani, Utlut Ilma Navia, Andi Arif Rahman, Siti Annisa Sukri, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman
Departement of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Undergraduate Student of Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Laboratories at the Laboratory of Dairy Cow, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Graduate Student of Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
Abstract
Urea Molasses Multi-nutrient Block (UMMB) is a feed supplement for dairy cows that consists of fillers and adhesives. Cement is the most used in UMMB as an adhesive. However, cement consists of inorganic materials which can cause the precipitation of heavy metals in dairy products such as milk. Tapioca meal has the same adhesive character as cement and is thought to be able to substitute cement as an adhesive in UMMB. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of cement substitution with tapioca meal as an adhesive in UMMB on heavy metal residues e.g., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), in cow^s milk. A total of 20 lactating Holstein Friesian cows were divided into 5 dietary groups in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 4 cows as replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of UMMB with 100% of cement adhesive (as P0)- 75% of cement and 25% of tapioca meal (P1)- 50% of cement and 50% of tapioca meal (P2)- 25% of cement and 75% of tapioca meal (P3)- and 100% of tapioca meal (P4). The Pb, Cd, and Hg in milk were measured. The results revealed that the treatment had no significant (P>0.05) effect on either Pb and Cd or Hg contents in the milk. The Pb and Cd concentrations in milk for all treatments ranged from 0.1 to 0.11 ppm and 0.009 to 0.01 ppm, respectively. Hg residue in the milk yield did not exist. Therefore, it can be concluded that tapioca meals can be used as a substitute for cement as an adhesive in UMMB. Also, supplemented UMMB containing tapioca meal is better because of its organic materials.
Keywords: cement, heavy metal residues, tapioca meal, UMMB
