Optimization, Scaling-up and establishment of herbal processing technology for the production of bioactive extracts from selected Malaysia medicinal plant Zarani Mat Taher1*, Nik Nur Naqiah Mustofar1, Rashidah Ahmed1, Nur Amirah Azelan1, Mohd. Azrie Awang1, Ida Madiha Yusoff1, Chua Lee Suan1, Azila Abdul Aziz 1,2
1Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
2Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
Abstract
The value and quality of natural products in various applications has sparked interest in medicinal plant processing characteristics especially in healthcare. The processing parameters to produce optimized water extracts from Piper Betle L. (sireh), Piper Sarmentosum (kaduk), Gynura Procumbens (sambung nyawa ) and Melastoma malabathrium L. (senduduk) with consistent chemical markers and bioactivity, and the scale up of the processes from lab scale to pilot scale had been investigated. At optimized processing conditions of each plant, the yield of Piper betle L crude extract was 25.53% and the content of hydroxychavicol in crude was 6.56%- the.yield of Piper sarmentosum crude extract was 18.96% and the content of beta sitosterol in crude was 0.785%- the yield of Gynura Procumbens crude extract was 15.35% and the content of chlorogenic acid in crude was 6.11%- and the yield of Melastoma malabthricum leaves crude extract was 20.036 % and the content of quercitrin in crude was 3.071%. Total phenolic content evaluation was undertaken and the result shows that all investigated plants have high antioxidant activity. Evaluations of antidiabetic activity were carried out and Melastoma malabathrium showed the highest inhibition followed by Gyanura procumbens, Piper betle and Piper sarmentosum. All water extracts of the plants showed no anti-microbial activity when tested on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aures , Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Scaling up study from laboratory scale to pilot scale was conducted successfully using dimensional analysis. The resuls of this scaling up study show that water extracts of Piper Betle L. (sireh), Piper Sarmentosum (kaduk), Gynura Procumbens (sambung nyawa ) and Melastoma malabathrium L. (senduduk) with consistent chemical markers and bioactivity had been obtained. Therefore, the potential of these medicinal plant is promising for various applications such as food , cosmetic and pharmaceutical.
Keywords: medicinal plant, optimization, scaling-up, chemical markers, bioactivity
