THE DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF ADHERENCE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON LIPID PROFILE LEVEL AND PLASMA ATHEROGENIC INDEX IN DYSLIPIDEMIA PATIENTS Endry Septiadi (a*), Dewi Ratih Handayani (b), Khomaini Hasan (b), Iis Inayati Rakhmat (b), Yudith Yunia Kusmala (c), Rifky Atha^ullah Nuralif (d), Zacky Muttaqien Putra Nandita (d)
(a) Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia *endry.septiadi[at]lecture.unjani.ac.id
(b) Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(c) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(d) Program Studi Sarjana Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Abstract
Dyslipidemia defined as increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). The prevalence of Riset Kesehatan Dasar in 2018 showed 12.6% Indonesian population aged 55-64 years had high cholesterol and very high LDL and triglycerides. The Mediterranean diet is a non-pharmacotherapeutic treatments that recommended by American Heart Association for dyslipidemia. This research aims to determine differences of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on lipid profile and Plasma Atherogenic Index (PAI) in dyslipidemia patients. The research design used an observational analytic method with a prospective cohort of 30 dyslipidemia patients. Sampling was done by systematic random sampling technique. The subjects were divided into 3 categories based on adherence, namely low, medium and high, as measured by the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score after filling the food frequency questionnaire four times in one month then lipid profile examination and PAI were assessed at the end of the month. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL data were analyzed using Anova and Post Hoc Tukey whereas triglycerides and PAI were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet showed significant results on total cholesterol (p=0.007), LDL level (p=0.019), HDL level (p=0.006), triglycerides (p=0.005) and PAI (p=0.036). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has associated with lipid profile and PAI as a determinant of coronary heart disease in dyslipidemia patients due to the influence of food content rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols and polyphenols that affect lipid profiles and PAI.
Keywords: Adherence, Lipid profile, Mediterranean diet, PAI
