Antibacterial Activity of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L) as an Antiacne Preparation Against Acne- causing Bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis): Systematic Literature Review Indah Asa Anjaliya
UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
Abstract
Acne is an inflammation of the sebaceous layer with accumulation of keratin triggered by Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Propionibacterium acnes (PA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) bacteria. Green betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) is known to have antibacterial activity against these three bacteria. This study aims to determine the type of extraction solvent, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the class of compounds as antibacterial, and to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts formulated into antiacne preparations. The research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review method on the Pubmed/MEDLINE, Science Direct and GARUDA databases. The results obtained 25 articles, it can be concluded: (1) Extracts with acetone, ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents showed an inhibitory response to these three bacteria, aquadest could inhibit SA and methanol could inhibit SA and PA. (2) MIC (mg/ml) showing antibacterial activity- aquadest (maceration: 1.0 (SA))- acetone (maceration: 0.25 (SA), 2 (PA), 4 (SE))- ethanol (maceration: 0.05-1.0 (SA), 4 (PA), 100 (SE), reflux: 0.05 (SA), soxhletation: 0.04 (SA))- ethyl acetate (maceration: 0.5 (SA), 2 (PA), 4 (SE))- methanol (maceration: 0.167 (SA), 0.032 (PA)). (3) Phenols, flavonoids, saponins and tannins are antibacterial compounds from green betel leaf extract. (4) Preparations of green betel leaf extract in the form of cream (7.5-10% against PA) and loose powder (5-15% against SA) showed a moderate inhibitory response. The gel preparation for SA showed a weak inhibitory response (0.2%), while for PA it showed a moderate (2%) and strong (3%).
Keywords: Green betel leaf (Piper betle L), antibacterial, antiacne, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and antiacne preparations.
