Development and Validation of Formative Test Items on Stoichiometry Material Using Feedback Clues Wiwi Siswaningsih (a*), Ahmad Nafran Razani (b), Triannisa Rahmawati (a), Miarti Khikmatun Nais (a), Dhea Lutvia (c)
a) Chemistry Education Study Program, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung, Indonesia
Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No.229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia
*wiwisiswaningsih[at]upi.edu
b) SMP Semesta 2 Bilingual School, Semarang, Indonesia
c) Biology Study Program, Indonesia University of Education, Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract
This research aims to develop formative test items on stoichiometry using feedback instructions and evaluate their quality based on validity, reliability, and difficulty level. The study applied a development and validation design, involving five chemistry education experts (three lecturers and two teachers) and 32 grade XI students from a private high school in Bandung. The final product includes a set of formative test questions and a digital feedback instruction sheet presented via PowerPoint. Content validity testing showed all items were valid, with a CVR value of 1. Empirical validity results showed 10 valid and 10 invalid items for code A, and 9 valid and 11 invalid items for code B. Reliability tests revealed a high level of internal consistency, with Cronbach^s Alpha of 0.79 for code A and 0.82 for code B. Difficulty analysis showed that most items were categorized as medium to difficult. The digital-based feedback instruction sheet using PowerPoint was considered practical and easy to use by students. Both educators and students gave positive responses to the formative test questions and feedback instruction sheet, as they were considered to be in line with the curriculum, material, and principles of good question design.
