Reconstructing Residential Areas with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Healthy Settlement Development
Ni Made Utami Dwipayanti, Anak Agung Ngurah Aritama, Gusti Ayu Made Suartika, I Kadek Wisnawa, Edi Saputra, Xian Guo

Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Postgraduate School, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia

Abstract

The rapid expansion of residential areas in Indonesia often overlooks fundamental principles of environmental health, leading to issues such as pollution, flooding, poor waste management, and a lack of green open spaces. While the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) provides minimum technical requirements for settlement planning, global academic literature highlights a broader set of health indicators encompassing social, ecological, and psychological dimensions. Several of these indicators-particularly those related to accessibility, density, natural lighting, drainage, and the distribution of green spaces-are highly suitable for spatial analysis and visualization through 3D modeling.
This study applies the 3D Gaussian splatting method to reconstruct residential areas and to evaluate environmental health indicators within settlements. The resulting 3D models demonstrate that dense residential environments can be effectively reconstructed using this method, capturing the geometry of roads and building facades. Indicators such as building setbacks, inter-building distances, and the adequacy of road and drainage infrastructure can be visualized and analyzed, providing a foundation for design improvements. The use of 3D modeling thus offers an effective means to support evaluation processes, communicate environmental health indicators, and facilitate participatory planning.

Keywords: environmental health- healthy settlement indicators- 3D Gaussian model

Topic: Social and Cultural Dimensions in Coastal Cities