The Effect of Culturally Tailored Foot Care Educational Interventions on Knowledge, Self- Efficacy, and Foot Care Behavior in Diabetic Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study Yunita Sari1, Arif Setyo Upoyo1, Annas Sumeru1, Agis Taufik1, Akhyarul Anam1, Saldy Yusuf2, Haryanto3
1. Department of Nursing, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto
2. Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
3. Department of Medical Surgical, Wound Management and Critical Nursing, Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Barat, Pontianak, Indonesia.
Abstract
Background: Foot care behavior in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is poor. A qualitative study shows that foot care behavior in DM patients in Indonesia is affected by culture. However, it is unknown whether a culturally tailored foot care educational intervention (CTFCEI) program can improve knowledge, self-efficacy, and foot care behavior in diabetic patients in Indonesia.
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a CTFCEI on knowledge, self-efficacy, and foot care behavior in diabetic patients in Indonesia.
Methods: A pre- and post-quasi-experimental design with a control group was conducted in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. The CTFCEI was developed using the DELPHI method. The study involved 160 participants divided equally between an intervention group and a control
group. The intervention group watched a five-minute video containing a culturally tailored educational message while the control group had no intervention. All participants were followed up for 2 months. The measured outcomes were knowledge, self-efficacy, and foot care behavior.
Results: Analysis within groups showed no differences in the mean scores of knowledge, self-efficacy, or foot care behavior between pre-test and post-test in the control group. Conversely, mean scores of knowledge (p <0.001), self-efficacy (p <0.001), and foot care behavior (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the post-test than in the pre-test in the intervention group. Analysis between two groups showed mean scores of knowledge (p<0.001), self-efficacy (p <0.001), and foot care behavior (p <0.001) were all significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.
Conclusion: This is the first study to develop a CTFCEI based on Indonesian cultural values and to demonstrate that it can improve knowledge, self-efficacy, and foot care behavior in diabetic patients. Nurses can implement this method to improve foot care behavior in their diabetic patients.
Keywords:
Culture- diabetes mellitus- foot care behavior- knowledge- self-efficacy
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