Network pharmacology study in arthritic disease and cytotoxicity profile of Zingiber ottensii in Raw 264,7 Macrophages Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh, Khairina Rahmania Prayoga Putri, Syelma Aurania Nerie, Sofia Isni Siantia Lestari, Nur Amalia Choiriani, Heny Ekowati, Esti Dyah Utami, Nahrul Hasan, Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, 53122, Central Java, Indonesia
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, 53122, Central Java, Indonesia
Graduate School, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, 53122, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the joints that requires alternative therapies from natural ingredients. The rhizome of the Zingiber ottensii is an underutilized herbal plant, but its essential oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity.
Purpose: The study aims to analyse protein targets in arthritic disease and profile the cytotoxicity of Zingiber ottensi in Raw cells 264,7.
Methods: The study was conducted in silico through bioinformatics studies and in vitro using Raw 264.7 cells. The in silico study utilized NCBI, PubChem, Admetlab 2.0, Swiss Target Prediction, Web Gestalt, STRING, and Cytoscape. Meanwhile, cytotoxicity study was conducted using Zingiber ottensii rhizome extract in vitro using Raw 264.7 cells using the MTT assay at concentrations of 500 μ-g/mL, 250 μ-g/mL, 125 μ-g/mL, 62.5 μ-g/mL, and 31.25 μ-g/mL. Cell viability was compared between the treatment and control cells.
Results: The results of in silico study showed that there are 6 compounds in the Zingiber ottensii that have potential in developing arthritis therapy through the main proteins, namely TP53, TNF, EGFR, and CTNNB1. The cytotoxicity study showed that Zingiber ottensii extract at a concentration of 500μ-g/mL caused cell viability below 50% indicating that the concentration was toxic, but at concentrations of 250μ-g/mL, 125μ-g/mL, 62.5μ-g/mL, and 31.25 μ-g/mL showed cell viability above 100% indicating that the extract had no toxic effect on Raw cells 264,7.
Conclusions: The active compounds of the Zingiber ottensii extract have the potential as alternative therapy candidates for arthritis through interactions with the main target proteins and there were no toxicity in Raw cell 264,7 at concentration of 250μ-g/mL,125μ-g/mL, 62.5μ-g/mL, and 31.25 μ-g/mL.
