Determinants of Adolescent Anemia: A Cross-Sectional Study In a Vocational High School in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Heni Febriani, Umi Musrifah, Subagiyono
Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKES Wira Husada Yogyakarta
Abstract
Background: Amenia remains a prevalens public health issue among adolescent girls, wit adverse
effets on learning concentration, productivity, and long-term quality of life. According to the 2018
Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) conducted in Indonesia, the Prevalence of anenia among
adolescent girl reached 32%. The figure indicates the approximately one in three adolescent
females is affected by anemia. The mayority of these cases are attributed to nutritional
deficiencies, with iron deficiency being the most prominent underlying cause.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identifity factors associated with the incidence of
anemia among female students at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta, focusing on knowledge
level, compliance with iron supplementation, and menstrual duration.
Methods: A quantitative study was conducted using a descriptive analytic approach and a cross
sectional design. The population included all 51 tenth grade famele students, selected
measurement using Homocue, and antropometric assessments. Univariate and bivariate analysis
were performed using the Chi-Square test.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among respondents was 47.06%. most participants had low
knowledge level (54.9%), were non-compliant with iron tablet comsumption (94.12%), and had
normal menstrual duration (80.39%). Bivariat analysis revealed a significant association between
knowledge level and anemia incidence (p=0.000- OR=5.1). however, no significants assosiations
were found between anemia and compliance with iron supplementation (p=0.632- OR=1.84) or
menstrual duration (p=0.839- OR=1.15).
Conclusion: Knowledge level significantly influences the incidence of anemia among adolescent
girls, while compliance with iron supplementation and menstrual duration to show meaningful
assosiations.
Keywords: Anemia, Health Knowledge, Irone Supplementation Compliance, Menstrual Duration
