Sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among pregnant women in Indonesia: an analysis of data from the Health Social Security Administering Agency (HSSA) Husnul Khotimah (a,b)*, Tris Eryando (a)
a) Doctoral Program of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof Dr. Sujudi Pondok Cina, Depok 16424, Indonesia
b) Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Faletehan, Jl. Pelamunan Kramatwatu, Serang 42182, Indonesia
*husnul.khotimah31[at]ui.ac.id
Abstract
Background: Anemia in pregnant women remains a serious health concern, potentially increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia stood at 27.7% in 2023, underscoring its persistent nature.
Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and its correlation with residential location, financial factors, and the year of visit.
Methods: The present study employed a cross-sectional design and a quantitative-analytical methodology, analyzing data from the the Health Social Security Administering Agency (HSSA) dataset from ICD-10 codes D50-53, which pertain to nutritional anemia. The study^s sample size was 3,513, and the Spearman Rank data analysis technique was employed.
Results: The number of anemia cases exhibited fluctuations between 2015 and 2022, with the lowest number of cases recorded in 2016 and the largest number recorded in 2019. Iron deficiency was identified as the predominant cause of anemia among pregnant women. High prevalence anemia is in Java Island and a comparatively lower prevalence in the eastern regions of the country, Cirebon Regency had the highest number of pregnant women with anemia. A statistically significant correlation was identified between the incidence of anemia among pregnant women, including place of residence (p-value <0.001), economic status (p-value <0.001), and year of visit (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: The preponderance of anemia among pregnant women is largely attributable to iron deficiency. Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of effective strategies and the equitable distribution of health facilities, in addition to further research using comprehensive nationwide data.
Keywords: anemia, economic factor, iron deficiency, pregnant women
