Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among University Students: A Cross Sectional Study
Hema Malini1*, Wulandari Safira2, Elvi Oktarina3, Intan Yullya Kardila4, Reni Zulfitri5

1,3Department of Medical Surgical and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Universitas Andalas
2Undergraduate Study Program, Faculty of Nursing Universitas Andalas
3Stikes Garuda Putih, Jambi
4Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Riau, Riau

Abstract

Background:University students, particularly in high-stress academic environments, face unique risks for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Non-modifiable factors, such as family history and female gender, further compound susceptibility.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore the risk factors for T2DM among university students, given the rising prevalence of DM in Indonesia and the existing problems and risk factors associated with its occurrence.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Andalas University, Indonesia (January-June 2023). Purposive sampling recruited 393 undergraduates. Data were collected via validated tools: FINDRISC (risk stratification), GPAQ (physical activity), PSS (stress), and a modified Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SCSDA) questionnaire, adapted for student dietary/physical activity patterns (Cronbach^s &#945- = 0.923). Abdominal circumference was measured by trained staff. Univariate analysis used statistical software.
Results: Respondents were predominantly aged 17-24 years (99.7%) and female (63.9%). Key findings: 83.2% had no familial T2DM history, 82.4% exhibited late-night sleep habits, 54.5% reported poor diets, and 78.1% experienced moderate stress. Despite 58.5% engaging in high physical activity, 24.2% were smokers, and 17.5% of females had abdominal obesity (>80 cm). FINDRISC scores indicated low T2DM risk for 95.4% of students, with only 4.6% at slightly elevated risk.
Conclusion: While most students currently demonstrate low T2DM risk, prevalent lifestyle risks (poor diet, stress, smoking) signal future vulnerability. Targeted interventions-health education, smoking cessation programs, and routine physical activity promotion-are critical. Future research should explore dietary behaviors and time-management strategies to refine preventive measures.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- risk assessment- student health- lifestyle- FINDRISC

Topic: Interdisciplinary Health Sciences