The Impact of Spirituality on Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults Living In Rural Communities: Evidence from North Sulawesi
Baithesda1*, Autry Alvian Mandagi2, Verra Karame3

1Department of Nursing Science, Universitas Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon, Indonesia
2Department of Nursing Anesthesiology, Universitas Sariputra Indonesia Tomohon, Indonesia
3Department of Nursing Science, Universitas Pembangunan Indonesia Manado, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Aging is an inevitable life stage marked by physical, psychological, social, and spiritual changes that influence the life satisfaction of older adults.
Purpose: This study examined the association between spirituality and life satisfaction among older adults in rural North Sulawesi, Indonesia, a region characterized by Protestant traditions and strong communal values.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and June 2022, involving 327 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older, selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected through structured interviews. Spirituality was assessed using the Indonesian version of the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, and life satisfaction was measured with the Indonesian Satisfaction with Life Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-square, multiple logistic regression
Results: Descriptive analysis showed that 89.6% of participants reported high life satisfaction. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between spirituality and life satisfaction (with a p-value of 0.008). Multiple logistic regression further identified spirituality as an independent predictor of life satisfaction (with an odds ratio of 2.56 and a p-value of 0.010), along with marital status and religious affiliation.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that spirituality plays a central role in supporting life satisfaction among older adults in rural religious communities. The results underscore the importance of integrating spiritual well-being into community health initiatives.

Keywords: Elderly, life satisfaction, religiosity, spirituality

Topic: Public Health Sciences