THE RISK AND OBSTETRIC OUTCOMES OF PREECLAMPSIA IN PREGNANCIES WITH NON-IDEAL MATERNAL AGE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Azizah 1, Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti 2 , Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki 2

Jendral Soedirman University

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication linked to increased risks in both adolescent (<20 years) and advanced maternal age (>35 years) pregnancies. This systematic literature review examines the risk patterns and obstetric outcomes of preeclampsia in these non-ideal maternal age groups. A total of seven studies published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed. Results show that adolescents are vulnerable due to physiological immaturity and psychosocial factors, leading to higher rates of cesarean delivery and pregnancy complications such as anemia. In contrast, advanced maternal age pregnancies face risks from vascular aging, chronic diseases, and use of assisted reproductive technologies, resulting in more severe preeclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes like low birth weight and prematurity. Both groups demonstrate increased need for medical interventions and complex management. The findings emphasize the importance of age-specific antenatal care, early detection, and tailored clinical approaches to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. This review supports health policy development focusing on targeted prevention and management of preeclampsia in pregnancies with non-ideal maternal age.

Keywords: preeclampsia, maternal age, adolescent pregnancy, advanced maternal age, obstetric outcomes

Topic: Public Health Sciences