Health Belief Model Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Hypertensive Patients
Lia Mulyati (a*), Devi Yuliani (a), Rastipiati (a)

a) Universitas Bhakti Husada Indonesia
JL. Lingkar Kadugede No. 2. Kadugede. Kuningan. Jawa Barat
*liamulyati[at]pintarword.com

Abstract

Hypertension remains a critical global health problem, with low self-efficacy hampering treatment adherence and blood pressure control. However, evidence on how Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs predict self-efficacy in hypertensive patients is limited, particularly in low and middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the predictive role of HBM constructs in determining self-efficacy among hypertensive patients, providing insights to inform tailored interventions for improved hypertension management.
A cross-sectional SEM-PLS analysis (with bootstrapping, 5,000 resamples) was conducted on 91 hypertensive patients in Kuningan Regency to examine the relationships among the HBM constructs: perceived benefits, barriers, threats, family support, knowledge, disease duration, self-efficacy, and cues to action.
Self-efficacy was significantly influenced by perceived benefits (B=0.298, p=0.009) and family support (B=0.257, p=0.036), while perceived barriers (B=-0.142, p=0.268) and perceived threat (B=0.082, p=0.485) were not significant. Family support also positively influenced threat (B=0.416, p<0.001) and knowledge (B=0.283, p<0.001). Knowledge negatively affected threat (B=-0.292, p=0.001), and longer illness duration was associated with reduced perceived benefits (B=-0.315, p=0.003). Notably, self-efficacy strongly predicted cues to action (B=0.422, p<0.001).
Perceived benefit and family support emerged as important determinants of self-efficacy in patients with hypertension. These findings underscore the value of interventions that strengthen health education and family based support to improve hypertension self-management.

Keywords: Hypertension, Self Efficacy, Health Belief Model, SEM PLS

Topic: Public Health Sciences