Exploration of Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Green Betel Leaf (Piper Betle L) Extract as an Antidiabetic
Rianti Nurpalah, Meti Kusmiati, Meri Meri, Dikdik Kurnia, Fadhil Miftah, Iin Asriani

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health and Science Faculty, Universitas Bakti Tunas Husada, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Abstract

Backgruond: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels due to decreased insulin secretion or impaired insulin function. Various treatments can be used to manage diabetes mellitus, including the use of herbal plants. Green betel leaf is a plant that has antibacterial, analgesic, and antidiabetic properties due to its various secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. One method of treating diabetes is by inhibiting the enzymes that break down carbohydrates into glucose.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of green betel extract in inhibiting the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vitro by measuring the IC50 value.

Methods: Betel leaf extract was prepared by maceration using methanol, followed by evaporation of the solvent to obtain a thick extract. The resulting extract was phytochemically tested to determine its secondary metabolite content. In vitro enzyme inhibition was measured using a spectrophotometer, and the IC50 values for each enzyme, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, were calculated.

Result: Phytochemical test results showed that green betel leaf extract contains alkaloids, plafonoids, tannins, steroids, saponins, phenols, and quinones. In vitro inhibition tests of alpha-amylase and & alpha-glucosidase enzymes yielded an IC50 value of 3.63% for the alpha-amylase enzyme and an IC50 value of 13.13% for the alpha-glucosidase enzyme.

Conclusion: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that green betel leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, but it is weak because the IC50 value obtained is high.

Keywords: Inhibitors Enzyme, Green Betel Leaf, Antidiabetes

Topic: Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy