Response of Banana ^Ambon hijau^ and ^Sirandah^ Varieties (Cavendish Subgroup) to several VCGs grouped in races 1 and 4 of Fusarium xysporum f. sp. cubense Jumjunidang1*, Riska1, Catur Hermanto1, Agus Sutanto1, Ellina Mansyah1, Tri Budiyanti1, NLP Indriyani1 and Sri Hadiati1
Research Center for Horticultural Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 19915, Indonesia
Abstract
The pathogen of Foc has several races, each with different strains or VCGs that exhibit varying levels of virulence. The banana Cavendish subgroup was reported to be resistant to Foc race 1 but not to race 4. The aim of the study was to understand the response of banana ^Ambon hijau^ (AAA) and ^Sirandah^ (AAA) varieties (Cavendish Subgroup) to Foc, which consists of several Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) in races 1 and 4. The research was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house of the Balai Standarisasi dan Instrument Pertanian (BSIP) in Solok from June 2018 until December 2019. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 16 treatments and 3 replications- each treatment consisted of 10 plants. The treatments involved banana ^Ambon hijau^ (AAA) and ^Sirandah^ (AAA) varieties from the Cavendish subgroup. Each banana variety was inoculated with 8 VCGs of Foc in race 1 (VCGs 0123, 0124/5, 0126, and 01218) and race 4 (VCGs 0120/15, 0121, 01213/16, and 01219). The results showed that ^Ambon hijau^ (AAA) and ^Sirandah^ (AAA), which are grouped into the Cavendish subgroup, exhibit varying resistance responses to Foc isolates. The resistance trait of varieties was not consistently related to the Foc race group but depended on their response to each VCG group. Both banana varieties show resistance response to Foc VCG 01218 (race 1) and Foc VCG 01219 (race 4), less resistance to VCG 0120/15 (subtropical race 4), 0123 and 0126 (race 1). As subgroups of Cavendish, both varieties are susceptible to VCG 0124/5 (race 1), VCG 0121 (race 4), and VCG 01213/16 (TR4), with disease incidence ranging from 85 to 100%. The disease severity index for leaves is 3.73-4.40, and for corms, it is 3.73-5.90.
