Natural Antibacterial from Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia) against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria Elmi Nurhaidah Zainuddin (a*), Marlina Achmad (a), Huyyirnah (a), Abustang (a)
a) Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Hasanuddin University.
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245.
*elmi18id[at]gmail.com
Abstract
Freshwater fish has a huge potential to be developed in the field of aquaculture in Indonesia. The commodities that have the potential to be cultivated include catfish, tilapia, carp, ornamental fish, and crayfish. Increasing demand for these commodities in Indonesia, both for consumption and non-consumption purposes (ornamental fish) led to increased intensification which has an impact on improving the risk of pests and diseases in aquaculture. In this study, the types of pathogenic bacteria used include Aeromonas hydrophila, Flavobacterium sp., Serratia sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus cereus. The use of natural antibiotics in aquaculture is highly recommended as a substitute for synthetic commercial antibiotics which have side effects. This study aims to evaluate the potential of noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia), as a candidate for natural antibacterial drugs. Noni fruit extraction was carried out by kinetic maceration method using solvents from different polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol) and the highest yield was found in methanol extract with 3.40%. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the agar diffusion method and the results showed that all extracts of the noni fruit showed a significant effect on the test pathogenic bacteria (p<0.05). The results of the Tukey test showed that the highest activity was found in n-hexane extract against Flavobacterium sp. and Bacillus cereus with an inhibition zone diameter of 14.33 mm, respectively. From this study, it can be concluded that noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia) has the potential as a natural antibacterial drug against fish pathogenic bacteria.
