Inorganic Solid Catalyst Derived From Fishbone Waste (Katsuwonus Pelamis) For Transesterification Of Palm Oil To Biodiesel Siti Maisarah (a), Surya Lubis (b), Rara Mitaphona (c), Desi Novita (b), and Muliadi Ramli1 (b*)
a) Graduate Program of Chemistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 23111 Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia,
*Corresponding author, email: muliadiramli[at]unsyiah.ac.id
b)Department of Chemistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 23111 Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
3)Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 23111 Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Abstract
This research has utilized fishbone waste of tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) which has been collected at the Lampulo fish market in Banda Aceh. Inorganic oxides have been derived from fish bone waste through the decomposition method at high temperature, namely the calcination process in an air atmosphere at 900ᴼ-C for 4 hours. The physicochemical properties of obtained inorganic oxides were characterized using XRD and SEM-EDS. The characterization results indicated the composition of the calcined fishbone contained hydroxyapatite, CaCO3, CaO in which the hydroxyapatite phase has been major component. Furthermore, the calcination process has a positive impact for improving the physical morphology and crystalline phase of inorganic oxides. Finally, obtained inorganic catalyst based on fishbone waste has applied for transesterification of palm oil with methanol, whereas resulting in three main compounds, consisting of trimethyl borate, methyl laurate, and methyl octanoate.
