Investigation of 40 kHz Sonication Time and Thermal Effect on The Electrochemical of Ultra Fine Bubbles
Arif Adtyas Budiman(a,b,1), Awang Noor Indra Wardana(a,2*), Mulya Juarsa(b,3), Eko Sulistio Hanam(c)

a) Master Programme of Physics Engineering, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Physics Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281
1) arif.a.b[at]mail.ugm.ac.id
2) *Corresponding author: awang.wardana[at]ugm.ac.id
b) Research and Technology Centre for Nuclear Reactor Safety, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy,
National Research and Innovation Agency, Building 80th Science and Technology Research Centre (PUSPIPTEK),
South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.
3) Mulya.juarsa[at]brin.go.id
c) Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran,
Jalan Raya Bandung - Sumedang KM 21, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract

The ultrasonic treatment is used for production and destabilized the ultra fine bubble depend on the exposure time (sonication). The specific characteristic of ultra fine bubble was identified by the zeta potential which correlate to the mean size of bubble diameter. Thus, it is necessary to measure at separate container while analysed in conditional temperature (298,15 K). The hypothetic of dynamic zeta potential may affect the bubbles form, so it could influence the electrochemical properties of liquid. The aim of this study is to confirm the correlation of zeta potential and electrochemical properties through ultrasonic and thermal treatment. The ultra fine bubbles production use an industrial 40kHz ultrasonic transducer (bath-type) with the sonication time and temperature are varied from 1 to 10 minutes and 298,15 to 343,15 K, respectively. The bubble nuclei may obtained in pure water consider the quality is maintained. Meanwhile, a handheld water quality test and particle size with zeta potential analyzer are used for the measurements. The Minitab software is used for statistic analysis. The design of experiments at full factors of dependent variables with the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH, and resistivity as the independent variables. It was found that electric conductivity, resistivity, and total dissolved solids are influenced. Furthermore, according to the pareto chart and interaction plot, the important effect of electrical conductivity is thermal changes. In the other case, the electrical conductivity has changed while sonication time are varied at room temperature. By the temperature increased then back to state condition, the zeta potential has no significant changes. Therefore, the electrical conductivity measurement has prospect to be an alternative method for identify the dynamic bubble on thermal process.

Keywords: Ultra Fine Bubbles, Sonication Time, Thermal Treatment, Electrical Conductivity, Zeta Potential, Electrochemical, Interaction Plot, Pareto Chart

Topic: CHEMISTRY AND MATERIAL SCIENCES