ARTHROPODA DIVERSITY IN INSECTARY PLANT ON COCOA CULTIVATION ECOSYSTEMS Muhtar, Sylvia Sjam*, Vien Sartika Dewi, Ade Rosmana
Plant Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: sylviasjam[at]yahoo.com
Abstract
The purpose of this research to determine the population abundance and arthropod diversity on insectary plants that are among the cocoa plantation ecosystems. The research was conducted on 5 types of insectary plants which were used as objects for observing arthropods, among others are- Helianthus annuus L, Tagetes erecta L, Zinnia elegans Jaqc, Gomphrena globose L. and Celosia argentea var. cristata. Arthropod observations were carried out using 3 methods (visual, yellow trap and sweep net) the results of which were identified and then the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index (H^), species uniformity index (E) and species dominance index (C) were calculated. The results showed that the total abundance of arthropods in the five types of insectary plants was 374 individuals with the highest total arthropods being found in Tagetes erecta L. with 118 individuals, followed by Helianthus annuus L. with 79 individuals, Celosia argentea var. cristata with purple 70 individuals, Zinnia elegans Jaqc with 55 individuals, and the lowest in 52 individual Gomphrena globose L. The number of arthropods found was 98 individuals acting as pollinators, 111 individuals as predators, 53 individuals as decomposers, 9 individuals as parasitoids, 96 individuals as pests and 7 individuals as neutral insects from 10 orders, 34 families and 51 species. The species diversity index (H^) value for all types of insectary plants is included in the moderate category with a value of 1.0 <H^> 3.322 which means sufficient productivity, balanced ecosystem conditions and moderate ecological pressure, while the species uniformity index value (E) is at high uniformity category with a value of 0.6 < E < 1 which means the community is stable, but low on the species dominance index (C) that is 0 < C < 0.5 or does not show dominance in all types of insectary plants.
