Molecular Detection of Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato leaf curl virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and Mungbean yellow mosaic virus on Eggplant, Tomato, and Pepper at Different Altitudes in East Java, Indonesia
Effi Alfiani Sidik, Sedyo Hartono, Sri Sulandari, Rudy Lukman, Ahmad Affifudin, Denih Wahyudin, and Haryono Budi Santoso

1 Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor-Jakarta, Cibinong Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia

2 Department of Pest and Disease of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Flora Street, Bulak Sumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

3 Biotechnology Department of PT. Bisi International, Tbk, Sumber Agung, East Java 64175, Indonesia

Abstract

The genus Begomovirus causes yellow disease is the most damaging and threatening for tomato, eggplant, and pepper production worldwide. Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) are transmitted circulative persistent manner by whitefly Bemesia tabaci. This study aims to determine the variation of infection of several species of Begomoviruses in tomato, eggplant, and pepper at different altitudes in East Java. Molecular detection of infection Begomoviruses were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using four pairs of specific primers: PepYLCV-F/PepYLCV-R TLCV-CPI/TLCV-CPT, TYLCV-F/TYLCV-R, and AC2-F/AC2-R amplified the targeted DNA fragments of 850 bp, 700 bp, 1668 bp, and 504 bp, respectively. Samples were collected at different altitudes in East Java (Kencong, Karangploso, and Pujon). The PCR was successfully applied to detect Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) from tomato, eggplant, and pepper in Kencong. That Begomoviruses have been found infecting together in a plant. Tomato, eggplant, and pepper from all locations were not infected by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV). Symptoms of begomovirus infection found in the samples from Kencong were more varied than those found in Karangploso and Pujon. Symptoms of infection caused by each species of begomoviruses vary greatly among hosts. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the TYLCV Kencong isolate had the highest homologies with TYLCKaV pepper and eggplant isolates from Indonesia. PepYLCV Kencong isolate had the highest homologies with PepYLCV Ageratum conyzoides isolate from Indonesia. ToLCV Kencong isolate had the highest homologies with ToLCNDV cucumber isolate from Central Java. The molecular detection has shown that there are different combinations of begomovirus infection at altitudes.

Keywords: Begomovirus, MYMV, PepYLCV, Solanaceae, Specific primer, ToLCV, TYLCV

Topic: Integrated pest and disease management