Tungro Disease Pressure On Rice Plants
Khaerana (a,b), Yunus Musa (c*), Baharuddin Patandjengi(c), Muhammad Riadi(c)

a) Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Graduate School Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
b) National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Pemenang, Lombok Utara, NTB.
c) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: 54.yunusmusa[at]gmail.com

Abstract

Abstract. The intensity of tungro incidence has decreased from 2000 to 2021. However, in 2022, the tungro outbreak was detected again on a large scale in Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Barat, and Kalimantan Tengah. Paddy farming that does not apply the best practice management, such as unsynchronous and continuous planting, and using susceptible varieties, cause an increase in tungro outbreaks. Tungro retards plant growth, decreases the number of tillers, changes the leaf color to orange, and increases unfilled grain. The growth retardation is perhaps caused by the accumulation of the tungro viruses (Rice Tungro Spherical Virus and Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus) in transport tissue, especially in the phloem. This article will review the research related to the character of morphology, agronomy, and physiology of the tungro-infected paddy. The information about these characters will help in identifying and understanding the tungro-infected plants.

Keywords: Tungro- Morphologic Characteristic- Agronomic Characteristic- Physiologic Characteristic.

Topic: Integrated pest and disease management