THE DIFFERENCE IN THE LEVEL OF ADHERENCE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET TO BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Endry Septiadi (a*), Yudith Yunia Kusmala (b), Lukman Tobing (b), Iis Inayati Rakhmat (c), Dewi Ratih Handayani (c), Zacky Muttaqien Putra Nandita (d), Rifky Atha^ullah Nuralif (d)

(a) Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia *endry.septiadi[at]lecture.unjani.ac.id
(b) Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(c) Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(d) Program Studi Sarjana Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Abstract

World Health Organization indicated that 1.13 billion people have hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension based on Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 reached 34.1% in Indonesia, 39.6% in West Java Province, and 41.83% in Cimahi City. One of hypertension management recommended by US Dietary Guideline, American Heart Association, and European Society of Cardiology is the Mediterranean diet. This research aims to determine the differences in the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet to systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in hypertensive patients. The research design used an analytic method with prospective cohort observation of 39 hypertensive patients for one month. Sampling of data used systematic random sampling technique. Research subjects were divided based on adherence to the Mediterranean diet, such as low, medium, and high as measured by the alternate Mediterranean diet score after filling out the food frequency questionnaire four times in one month, then blood pressure was measured at the end of the month. Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure data were analyzed by Anova and Post Hoc Tukey, whereas diastolic blood pressure data was tested by Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. The results showed that there were significant differences in the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet to systolic blood pressure (p=0.001<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.029<0.05), and mean arterial pressure (p=0.003<0.05) in hypertensive patients. The compositions of the Mediterranean diet contain high monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids that potentially to lower blood pressure due to antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects.

Keywords: Adherence, Diastolic, Mean arterial pressure, Mediterranean diet, Systolic

Topic: Clinical Practice