Natural Antibacterial from Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia) against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria
Elmi Nurhaidah Zainuddin (a*), Marlina Achmad (a), Huyyirnah (a), Fajriati Ainun (a)

a) Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Hasanuddin University.
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245.
*elmi18id[at]gmail.com

Abstract

Freshwater fish has a very large potential to be developed in the field of aquaculture in Indonesia. Freshwater fish commodities that have potential to be cultivated include, catfish, tilapia, carp, ornamental fish, and crayfish. Increasing demand for these commodities in Indonesia, both consumption and non-consumption purposes (ornamental fish) is also caused increasing in intensification to meet production needs. This intensification can also have an impact on increasing the risk of pests and diseases of fish that have the potential to damage the sustainability of fishery biological resources. In this study, the types of pathogenic bacteria used are those that generally attack freshwater fish and seawater fish, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Flavobacterium sp., Serratia sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus flexus and Bacillus cereus. The use of natural antibiotics in cultivation is highly recommended as a substitute for synthetic commercial antibiotics which have side effects. This study aims to see the potential of noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia), as a candidate for natural antibacterial drugs. Noni fruit extraction was carried out by kinetic maceration method in stages with solvents of different polarity (n-hexane, chloroform and methanol) and the highest yield was found in methanol extract of 3.40%. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the agar diffusion method and the results showed that all extracts of the noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) showed a significant effect on the test pathogenic bacteria (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the Tukey test showed the highest activity was led by n-hexane extract of noni fruit against fish pathogenic bacteria Flavobacterium sp. and Bacillus cereus with an inhibition zone diameter of 14.33 mm, respectively. From this study, it can be concluded that noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia) has the potential as a natural antibacterial against fish pathogenic bacteria.

Keywords: Morinda citrifolia extracts- Natural antibacterial- Fish pathogenic bacteria

Topic: Marine and Fisheries Biotechnology (International)