Histopathological Features of the Placenta in Preeclampsia Disease
Rina Masadah1, Syahrul Rauf2, Maisuri T Chalid2, Rafiqah Nurdin1, and Ika Magfirah1

1Department of Pathology Anatomy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia
2Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Indonesia

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication that occurs after 20 weeks gestation, and can present as late as 4-6 weeks after delivery. The specific signs and symptoms of PE are hypertension and/or proteinuria, and it would threatens the safety of the fetus. The basic pathogenesis of PE is endothelial dysfunction of the placenta. Reduction of placental blood perfusion leads to infarct, necrosis, thrombosis, and many other placental abnormalities. This study aimed to elucidate the histopathological features of the placenta in PE patients. Ninety seven PE patients have 52% severe PE and 48% mild PE were evaluated. Seventy persent of patients were multiparous, and 30% primiparous. Most of patiens have PE history of their previous pregnancy (78.2%). The most gestational age of patients was 38 to 39 weeks, most of the baby born in normal weight (80.9%) while 19.1% have less weight.
The placentas were analized in paraffin blocks embedded samples with Hematoxilin-eosin staining. We found cytotrophoblastic cells hyperplasia in all samples (100%), fibrinoid necrosis in 65% samples, thrombosis and endarteritis in 75% samples, villous stromal fibrosis in 62% samples. This features showed alteration features of placental in PE, that could be the targets of prevention and management of PE patients.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Cytotrophoblastic cell hyperplasia, Fibrinoid necrosis, Villous stromal fibrosis

Topic: Maternal, neonatal, and child health