Bioinformatics Study of 6-Shogaol as Anti-Invasion Agent For Breast Cancer Maitsaa Rihhadatul Aisy1, Joko Setyono2, Sarmoko3*
1Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
2Lecturer, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia
3Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Jl. Dr. Soeparno, Karangwangkal, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia, Email: sarmoko[at]unsoed.ac.id (corresponding author)
Abstract
Background: 6-shogaol, an active compound of ginger (Zingiber officinale), has been reported for its anti-invasion and anti-metastatic effect on cancer. However, the data of molecular mechanisms as a cancer anti-invasion is limited.
Purpose: This study aims to identify the potential target and mechanism of 6-shogaol action to inhibit breast cancer cell invasion by bioinformatics analysis.
Methods: Protein targets affected by 6-shogaol were obtained from STITCH and PubChem. The data were compared with the genes involved in breast cancer invasion, resulting in 69 protein as protein targets. The 69 proteins were further analyzed with STRING-DB v11.0 to find protein-protein interaction and over-representation enrichment analysis from the Web-Gestalt to find gene ontology and KEGG pathway. In addition, we determined the top 10 protein-protein interactions based on the highest degree score with cytoHubba plugin at Cytoscape.
Results: The result showed that 6-shogaol affected apoptotic signaling pathway that leads to breast cancer cell death. The potential protein targets in that process were CASP8, MAPK1, and CASP3.
Conclusion: We concluded that 6-shogaol may has an anti-invasion effect on breast cancer cells employing apoptotic molecular mechanisms.
