FACTORS INFLUENCING DEPRESSION IN NURSING STUDENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Cifanelda Deborah(a)- Anni Oktavia Marbun(a)- Asril Syamrio Tinambunan(a)- Juniarta(b*)- Ester Silitonga(c)
a) Students, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan
b) Lecturer, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan
c) Clinical Educator, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Pelita Harapan
Jl. Boulevard Jend. Sudirman no 15A
*juniarta.sinaga[at]uph.edu
Abstract
Depression is a mental health problem that can cause a decrease in one^s productivity, cognitive and psychomotor capability, initiative ability, as well as may lead to suicidal thoughts or attempts. The World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) in 2012 reported about one in 20 people who had episodes of depression began at an early age. A fact in Indonesia in year 2017 reported that 27.3% of nursing students had moderate to severe depression. Several studies showed that the incidence rate of depression in nursing students was higher compared to the other students. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to the incidence of depression in nursing students from empirical literatures. This study applied a systematic literature review, using four databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and EBSCO Some keywords were used such as ^influence factors^, ^depression^, ^nursing students^, ^depression factors and nursing students^. The retrieved articles were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Tools from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A PRISMA flow diagram was used to display the selection process of the literatures and the data was analyzed using a simplified thematic approach.
This study revealed six themes and 20 sub themes related to factors contributing depression in nursing students. The factors included personal, biological, psychological, family, social and academic factors. Understanding contributing factors of depression might lead students to be aware of their own conditions in which could further empower students to decide a positive stress coping such as by asking for help in the professional counselling session. It is expected that educational institutions should provide sufficient attention to the emotional health of the students, by implementing a counseling or mentoring for students who are needed.
