Stress and Smoking associated with Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Elderly in Binong Tangerang
Martina Pakpahan, Ni Gusti Ayu Eka, Maria Veronika Ayu Florensa

Universitas Pelita Harapan

Abstract

Backgrounds: Hypertension as one of many non-communicable diseases contributes to mortality rate worldwide and detecting its risk factors is crucial for its prevention programs especially in community settings. Stress and smoking cant be eliminated in communities life

Purpose: This study examined the correlation between stress and smoking of middle-aged and elderly with hypertension

Methods: This study is part of the main research related to hypertension and modifiable risk factors. Four other factors (body mass index/BMI, waist circumference/WC, physical activities, and consumption pattern) were reported in other study report. A quantitative study was applied using accidental sampling to recruit the respondents. The recruitments were located in Posbindu(Integrated Development Post for elderly) under a Community Health Centre in Tangerang Indonesia

Results: The 145 respondents comprised 79 (54.5%) middle age and 66 (45.5%) elderly. Most of the respondents (82.8%) were female, half of them were Sundanese (50.3%) and two-thirds of them had low income (69.7%). From Blood Pressure examination, half of the respondents were categorized as prehypertension (42.8-53.1%). Most respondents had non- smoking behavior (82%) and half of them in severe stress level (57.2%). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between respondents level of stress and their level of hypertension (systole: p-value 0.047; r 0.167 & diastole: p-value 0.033; r 0.18). However, there was no significant correlation between smoking and hypertension (p-value >0.05)

Conclusion:
There is a correlation between stress and hypertension but there is no correlation between smoking and hypertension, preventive efforts needed to control the disease

Keywords: stress; smoking; hypertension; middle age;elderly

Topic: Mental Health, Community, Family Health and Gerontological Nursing